Define the following terms. Provide reference in APA style.

1. Electronic Record - Electronic record are records that are generated electronically and
stored through computer technology. Simply, electronic record is information that be
recorded by a computer that have been received at the process initiation, conduct or
completion of an individual or agency activity. The example of electronic record is e-
mail messages, word- processed documents, electronic spreadsheets, and digital
images.
Reference: (n.d.). What is Electronic Records | IGI Global. Retrieved from
https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/electronic-records-management-africa/9521
2. Application - Application can be refer to as an application program or application
software which is a computer software package that performs a specific function
directly for the users. An application can be self-contained or a group of programs
depending on the application that we used. The program was a set of operations that
runs the application for the users. An application is not only had in computer, but also
in other software such as smartphone and so on.
Reference: Gillis, A. S. (2021, October 6). Application. SearchSoftwareQuality.
Retrieved from https://www.techtarget.com/searchsoftwarequality/definition/application
3. Mainframe - Mainframes are a type of computer that generally are known for their
large size, amount of storage, processing power and high level of reliability. It's
primarily used by large organizations or agency for mission-critical applications that
requiring high volumes of data processing.
Reference: Techopedia. (2017, June 15). Mainframe. Techopedia.com. Retrieved
from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/24356/mainframe
4. Batch processing - Batch processing is an automated process in which a computer
processes data in batches or groups. This method allows users to process data when
computing resources are available. With batch processing, users can collect and store
data, then process the data during batch window. This also will improve efficiency by
setting processing priorities in completing data jobs.
Reference: Talend. (n.d.). Beginner’s Guide to Batch Processing. Talend - a Leader in
Data Integration & Data Integrity. Retrieved from
https://www.talend.com/resources/batch-processing/
5. Business systems - A business system is a set of principles, practices and procedures
that are applied to specific activities to achieve a specific result. Such as making sales
to building marketing strategies, this can make all that tasks easier and more efficient.
A business systems are also designed to connect different departments and elements
of a business to work together to achieve business objectives.
Reference: Team, M. (2021, February 1). Understanding business systems. MYOB
Pulse. Retrieved from https://www.myob.com/au/blog/understanding-business-systems/
6. Governance - Governance can be defined as the exercise of political authority and the
use of institutional resources to manage problems and the affairs of the society. For
example, the process that led policymaking and its implementation also can be called
as governance.
Reference: Biswas, A. (2022, March 23). Governance: Meaning, Definition, 4
Dimensions, And Types. SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE. Retrieved from
https://schoolofpoliticalscience.com/definitions-and-types-of-governance/
7. ISO 15489 - ISO 15489 is an Australian-created ISO standard known as The Standard
for Information Documentation Record Management. It deals with exactly what the
name implies and must be followed by any business or organization that keeps
records (including the ISO itself). It's to make sure that an organization or agency
doesn’t lose or accidentally destroy any important records. So that, any client can
access the records at any time either internal or external without fear of anything
happening to them.
Reference: Swan, E. (2015, October 2). AS ISO 15489 Australian Records
Management Standard. eFileCabinet. Retrieved from https://www.efilecabinet.com/as-
iso-15489-australian-records-management-standard/
8. Reliability - Reliability is defined as the probability that a product, system, or service
will perform its intended function adequately for a specified period of time or will
operate in a defined environment without failure.
Reference: (n.d.). What is Reliability? Quality & Reliability Defined | ASQ. Quality
Resources. Retrieved from https://asq.org/quality-resources/reliability
9. Data - Information, especially facts or numbers that are collected to be examined and
considered and used to help decision-making or information in an electronic form that
can be stored and used by a computer.
Reference: Cambridge Dictionary. (2022, October 12). Data definition. Retrieved
from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/data
10. Unstructured metadata – Metadata is an explanation of structured information that
contains descriptions, explanations, and information that can be reused, managed, or
used in more detail about data. Basically, Metadata are data about data, and it
provides additional information about a specific set of data. Unstructured metadata is
information that either does not have a predefined data model or is not organised in a
pre-defined manner. Unstructured information is typically text-heavy, but may
contain data such as dates, numbers, and facts.
Reference: Framework, B. D. (2022, March 9). Data Types: Structured vs.
Unstructured Data. Enterprise Big Data Framework©. Retrieved from
https://www.bigdataframework.org/data-types-structured-vs-unstructured-data/
11. Encryption keys - Encryption key is a string of specifically organized bits designed to
unscramble and decipher encrypted data. Each key is specific to a specific encryption
code and it's making each key unique and difficult to replicable.
Reference: Precisely. (n.d.). Encryption Keys. Retrieved from
https://www.precisely.com/glossary/encryption-keys
12. Hypermedia - Hypermedia is an extension to what is known as hypertext, or the
ability to open new Web pages by clicking text links on a Web browser. Hypermedia
allowing the user to click images, movies, graphics, and other media apart from text
to create a non-linear network of information.
Reference: Techopedia. (2017, January 27). Hypermedia. Techopedia.com. Retrieved
from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3105/hypermedia
13. Physical designing - Physical design is a kind of system design. It is a graphical
illustration of the system that representing external and internal entities of the system
with to and from data flow. For example, the physical design of a personal computer.
The input data is given through the “Keyboard”, the data will be processed in the
“CPU” and finally, the output will display through the “Monitor”.
Reference: Chegg. (n.d.). Physical Design. Retrieved from
https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/physical-design-3
14. Metadata - Simply, metadata is data or information about data. Metadata helps us to
understand the structure, nature, and context of the data. For example, some of the
metadata information are stored in image resolution, focal length, colour profile and
so on.
Reference: Atlan. (2022, August 10). What Is Metadata: Meaning, Examples &
Types. Retrieved from https://atlan.com/what-is-metadata/
15. Conversion - Conversion is the act or process of changing something into a different
state or form. For example, if someone changes their religion or beliefs, they can refer
to their conversion to their new religion or beliefs.
Reference: Collins. (n.d). Definition of 'conversion'. Retrieved from
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/conversion
16. Multi-dimensional - multi-dimensional means it is having or relating to multiple
dimensions or aspects. Basically, it has many physical dimensions (having more than
2 dimension)
Reference: Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Multidimensional. Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/multidimensional
17. Annotation - Annotation is a note or a written explanation, observation and so on that
was added information to something such as a book. It’s used to add notes about a
topic as well as to explain content listed on a page or at the end of a publication. This
note can be added by the reader or printed by the author/publisher.
Reference: YOURDICTIONARY. (n.d.). Annotation Examples Simply Explained.
Retrieved from https://examples.yourdictionary.com/annotation-examples.html
18. Abbreviations - Abbreviations comes from the Latin word brevis meaning short. An
abbreviation is a shortened form of a written word or phrase. Abbreviations may be
used to save space and time, to avoid repetition of long words and phrases such as
"Jan." for "January."
Reference: Nordquist, R. (2020, July 5). What Is an Abbreviation? ThoughtCo.
Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-abbreviation-1689046
19. Stakeholder - A stakeholder is a party that has an interest in a company or agency that
can either affect or be affected by the business. There are several primary stakeholders
in a typical corporation which is investors, employees, customers, and suppliers.
Reference: Fernando, J. (2022, June 29). What Are Stakeholders: Definition, Types,
and Examples. Investopedia. Retrieved from
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stakeholder.asp
20. Electronic mail - Electronic mail or E-mail is the exchange of computer-stored
messages by telecommunication. E-mail was the first activity from the internet, and
it’s still used by people today. The messages from E-mail are usually encoded in
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) text. But we can also
send non-text files such as graphic images and sound files.
Reference: Brush, K. (2019, December 20). email. WhatIs.com. Retrieved from
https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/e-mail-electronic-mail-or-email