KHILAFAT MOVEMENT (1919-1924) After World War 1 Muslims British decided to break the ottoman empire, due to Turkey there Muslim wanted to protect it because Khalifa head of Muslims was there And Muslims also wanted to protect holy places for sake of Islam. BACKGROUND AND ESTABLISHMENT At the beginning of 1st world war (1914) Khilafat was held by Turkey. In the First World War, the Turks had fought on the side of the Germany against British, France and Russia. British wanted Indian Muslims to fight in the war against the Turks, but they knew that British would respect the rights of the Khalifa and Turkish Empire would be maintained. As a result of this promise thousands of Muslims joined the British Army. Turkish side was defeated at the end of the war. Muslims all over the world were concerned with, how Turkey would be treated. Istanbul had been the home of Caliphate and the Turkish Sultan was recognized as the Khali fa (caliph). The Allies hoped to destroy the Ottoman Empire by encouraging, Turkey to become a nation rather than an empire. The treaty of Versailles set out to divide Germany into two parts. PURPOSE OF KHILFAT MOVEMENT - To protect the Holy places of Muslims (controlled by Ottoman Empire) - Torestore the Territories of Turkey - Torestore the Ottoman Empire MAIN EVENTS OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT Congress also supported this movement under Abdul Kalam Azad. This movement was launched to pressurize the British into keeping their promises. 1ST KHILAFAT CONFERENCE - Held on November, 1919 in Delhi. - Main leaders were Maulana Mohammad Ali Johar, Moulana Shaukat Ali & Moulana Abul Kalam Azad, and Ghandi. - resolution was also passed asking the Muslims as religious duty to boycott British goods besides Hindus and adopt the policy of non - cooperation against the British. = Gandhi urged Muslims to joining Congress in seeking “Swaraj” (self-rule) for India. 2ND KHILAFAT CONFERENCE ~ Held in December 1919 in Amritsar. Gene eeam eee- Itwas decided that all three organizations (Muslim League, Congress & Khilafat people) would be working together to oppose plans to dismember the Turkish Empire. - Adelegation was also sent to Britain to ask for fair treatment with Turkey, but they said Germany had justice! Turkey will also have justice and a Treaty of Sevres was introduced which contained splitting up of ottoman empire, but later was replaced with treaty of Lausanne. NON - COOPERATION POLICY - In August 1920 a full scale Non - Cooperation Movement was launched in with the collaboration with Gandhi. - Indians were asked to give up Government. Services, renounce title and boycott courts of law and British goods, walk out of schools and colleges. Gandhi assured the people that if this movement would be in a united, disciplined and non - violent fashion, they would attain Self ~ Rule within a year. = Itwas completely a mass movement. HURAT MOVEMENT - In 1920 Abdul Kalam Azad gave a call for Hijrat Movement and urged the Muslims to migrate toalplace where they can freely practice'their religion, they called India as ‘Dar - ul - Harb’. = Nearly 18000 Muslims migrated to Afghanistan. Many of them had to return due to no entry at border and were disappointed them. This caused a large impact on Khilafat Movement. CHAURA - CHAURI INCIDENT In February 1922 at Chaura - Chauri in a village near UP a trouble began between the police and the civilians. They put fire to the police station where 22 policemen were burnt alive. Gandhi was so upset that he immediately called of non - cooperation movement doing great deal of damage to the entire Khilafat Movement. Gandhi was not with heart at Muslims from start he just wanted to bring up his non-co-operation movement. TREATMENT OF TURKEY = In 1920, The Treaty of Sevres was announced by British. See= The treaty indicated that Ottoman Empire was to be split up. Arabia will be independent and Turkey's land was to be given to Greece. - The Turkish rebelled against this treaty of Sevres, so The Treaty of Lausanne replaced. itin 1923. - Some if the land was gained, but Turkey never regained the control of Muslim Middle East. END OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT territories = Gandhi called of his support which weakened Hindu - Muslims Unity - 1922, Sultan was deprived of powers 1924, Kamal Atta Turk became the new Khalifa, he exiled Muhammad IV (last Sultan). He also abolished the Khilafat. It no longer matters what Indian Muslims or British wanted. FAILURE OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT = Chaura - Chauri incident in February 1922, the non-violence, non-cooperative movement turned into violence. After the Chauri Chaura incident in February 1922, Gandhi called of his support and withdrawal Khilafat Movement. ~ Muslims leaders (ie, Al Brothers were arrested under Sedition charges) of the movement were arrested in 1922 with the arrest of leaders the movement lost its momentum. - Different approach: Muslims were much concerned about saving KHILAFA while Hindus were supporting Khilafat Movement for bringing Self-Rule (SWARA\) in India. This unity could not go longer and ultimately broke down. - HIRAT MOVEMENT weakened the Economic and Social position of Muslims. - Moplah’s Revolt = Ignorance of Jinnah’s suggestions - On 3rd March 1924 the final and deadly blow was struck at the Khilafat movement by Mustafa Kamal Ata Turk Pasha who exiled Khalifa, Muhammad VI and abolished Khilafat and established nationalist government of Turkey Ear roCONSEQUENCES This was the movement for which Hindu - Muslims both worked together, it healed their relations Muslims realized they have political power. It also brought some disadvantages. ~ Non - Cooperation Policy: Damaged British - Hijrat Movement: Was Economic Misery to Muslims ~ It failed in the end. ‘SUCCESSES: ‘* Precursor to Independence - Large Scale Hindu and Muslim nationalistic feelings/want for self-rule © Muslims learnt ps previous methods © Realized mistakes they made in Khilafat Movement which led to downfall ‘Hindu Withdrawal from movement gave credence to the Two nation Theory ical strength and how to do large scale movements unlike small FAILURES: * Detoriated British Muslim relations ‘on a large scale ‘© Many Muslims migrated to Afghanistan, came back to economic ‘* Muslims pulled children from schools, weakening education conditions ‘© Turkish — Kemal Ataturk - themselves abolished the caliphate Gene eeam eee