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Skillful Foundation - Reading and Writing

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150 views31 pages

Skillful Foundation - Reading and Writing

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Trần Ngọc
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Skillful _— | Student’s Book Foundation PRESENT TENSE OF BE WRITING writing an online profile = You are going to learn about the verb be and making simple rd. sentences. You are then going to use these skills to write an online (ad profile describing yourself. 3 (eis) Grammar a z ian ah =| an The simple present tense of be has three forms. We use the simple present to talk about facts and things that are generally true Forms Examples I+ am (not) Jam not a student. he / she / it + is (not) It is a.city in Saudi Arabia. you / we / they + are (not) They are not good friends. 1 Read this email. Correct the mistakes with be. (There are five more mistakes.) Hi Rachid, ie What is new in California? School are OK. | is a member of the Drama and Chess clubs this year. The Drama Club is really fun but the Chess Club not is very interesting. | am not good at chess, | guess. Our English teacher is really nice. Her name are Mrs. Parker. She is from San Francisco. Santa Cruz is near San Francisco, right? You is neighbors! | have a new phone number. It am 339-555-0178. Call me sometime! Your friend, Jared 2 Complete the student profile with the correct form of be. ‘Achara Wattana (1) from Bangkok, Thailand. She Q) 20 years old and a junior at King Mongkut's University of Technology. Her major (3) Engineering. Her favorite classes (4) Geometry and English. Achara (5) interested in many things. She loves technology, of course, but (6) also interested in sports and social networking, Her friends and family (7) __very important to her. Her best friend (8) Ying Nantakam. ‘When people ask Achara about her plans after graduation, she answers, “I (9) not sure.” She often says, “lam so b But she (10) happy with her life. Writing skill MAKING SIMPLE SENTENCES A sentence expresses a complete thought. A simple sentence has a subject and a verb, and often (but not always) an object. know. (subject + verb) Ying likes languages. (subject + verb + object) A simple sentence can have a compound subject, verb, or object Bianca and Ying are friends. (compound subject) Bianca reads and writes Japanese. (compound verb) Achara likes literature and travel. (compound object) Writing skills 1 Draw a line (/) between the subject and verb in each sentence. 1 Hotaru / speaks two languages. Abdullah's first language is Arabic English and French are easy subjects for Sarah Hotaru has two majors. Adbullah and his brother are from Saudi Arabia. Sarah lives and works off campus. Hotaru lives off campus. Family is important to Abdullah, 2 Combine the two sentences. Bianca is a sophomore. Ying is a sophomore. Biane = eveusen and Ying ave sophomores 2 Bianca speaks English. Bianca speaks Spanish. 3. Achara watches soccer, Achara plays soccer. 4 Bianca is online, Bianca is free. 5. Isabel works hard. Isabel studies hard 3 Complete these sentences with your own ideas. 1 and [alka lot. 2 and are my best friends. 3. I'minterested in 41 and and English, WRITING TASK Read this student profile. Underline the forms of be. compound subjects, verbs, or objects, My name is Carlos Gonzalez. | am 20 years old. | am a university student, | am a sophomore in Maracaibo. Itis a city in Venezuela. | live with Spanish and English. | read and understand French. My major is Latin American Literature. My favorite writers are Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Isabel Allende, am very interested in sports. | like soccer and baseball. | am also interested in movies and social networking. My friends and | are online every day. Nice to meet you! BRAINSTORM Complete the chart about yourself. Nome Age Year in school Gity / Country Mojor Interests Other informati PLAN, Plan an online profile. Look back at your brainstorm and choose the information to include. WRITE, Write your profile. Pay attention to your use ofthe verb be. Write complete sentences. Your profile should be 50-75 words. SHARE Exchange your profile wih o partner. Look at the checklist on page 109 and give feedback to your partner. REWRITE AND EDIT Consider your partner's comments and rewrite your profile. ‘SELF SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS: WRITING writing about your family es You are going to learn about subject and object pronouns and how to =} use them to avoid repetition. You are then going to use these skills to c. write about your family. i=} a9 Grammar oa Z ( A newspaper is the bench. 4 Two people are the crosswalk. 5 An old woman is walking aman. 6 There's aman the ATM. 7 Astreet performer is the sidewalk. 8 There are some flowers ___ the hat. 9 Several people are the street performer. 10 Abird is the mailbox. 11 Some cars are the parking lot. 12. Two boys are the parking meter. 2 Work in a group. Look around the classroom. Take turns describing the location of things and people. Try to say four sentences each. The teacher is in front of the whiteboard. Emiko is next to Mustapha. There’s a clock on the wall. Rafeel’s book bag is under his desk PLACES Writing skill CAPITALIZING LETTERS To be a good writer you need to know when, and when not, to capitalize laters. Here are some important rules to remember. Capitalize: + the first word ofa sentence Two people are on the crosswalk. + buildings, streets, structures Golden Gate Bridge * countries, nationalities, cities New York City + geographic words Nile River days, months, holidays Tuesday, June, Thanksgiving 1 Capitalize these phrases. Write them under the correct category in the chart. andes mountains british costa rica great wall of china kuwait city march mediterranean sea new year’s eve oxford street pacific ocean picasso museum —_ sunday. Buildings, streets, Countries, nationalities, | Geographic words Days, months, holidays structures | cities 2 There is one capitalization mistake in each sentence. Correct ‘i 1 The Statue of liberty is in New York City. Trevi Fountain is in Rome, italy. John’s Bookstore is next to the Park, Sam arrives in London on Tuesday, june 23. ‘My address is 132 Tenth street, San Diego, Calif Cal's Café is near my favorite Fruit market, Is Miami on the Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Let's go to the new art museum on friday. ewer WRITING TASK Read this paragraph. Underline the prepositions. Correct the capitalization mistakes. (There are six mistakes.) Ilive in @ Neighborhood called Kedville. It's an interesting place. There is a mix of people, and everyone is very friendly. There are lots of houses and a middle school on my street. There are some businesses near my house, too. On Second Avenue, there's a bank and a restaurant called Salvador's place. it serves Italian food. Next to the Restaurant is Alex's Gym. | go there every wednesday for my karate class. There's alittle park behind the School. Its named Miller Park, There's a fountain in the center of the park. | ike my neighborhood because there are a lot of different things to do. BRAINSTORM What is your neighborhood like? Gre at a mind map. Does your neighborhood have a name? What are some things in if? Where are they? do you like about your neighborhood? ey neighborhood PLAN a E Paragraph describing your neighborhood. Look back at your brainstorm and decide what information to include. WRITE, Write your paragraph. Pay attention to your use of prepositions and capitalization. Your paragraph should be 75-100 words. SHARE Exchange paragraphs with a partner. Look at the checklist on page 109 and provide feedback to your partner. REWRITE AND EDIT (Consider your partner's comments and rewrite your paragraph, PLACES WRITING writing about things you have in common You are going to learn about using transition words to add information, and about both and neither. You are then going to use these skills to write about things you have in common with someone else. USING TRANSITION WORDS TO ADD IDEAS Transition words connect words or sentences. Using them correctly helps your writing flow more smoothly. One common type of transition word is for adding information. Notice the position of the transition words and, too, also, and in addition, as well as the punctuation in these examples: Adventure travelers like excitement and even a little danger in their travels. Backpackers stay in youth hostels. They offen use public transportation, too. Weekend travelers love to travel. They also know how to make the most of their weekends. Luxury travelers travel in first class. In addition, they often want personal attention. 1 Circlé the correct words. TL want to vis London. I want to visit Paris, and / too. 2 1 like to go swimming and / also I like to go hiking. 3 This hotel accepts credit cards. In addition, / Too, it takes cash payments. 4 Tony loves to meet new people. He also / and loves to shop for souvenirs 5. I want to visit museums in Vienna. | in addition / also want to try the desserts 6 Idon't have my ticket too / and I don't have money with me. 7 Joel is meeting Iris at the airport. Kenichi is going there, in addition / too. 8 Hannah often watches travel shows. She too / also reads travel guidebooks. 2. Rewrite these sentences. Use the transition words in parentheses () and any necessary punctuation. If possible, combine them into one sentence. 1 Walt needs a passport. He needs a visa. (too) 2 Please book the hotel in advance. You need to include a 50% deposit. (in addition) 3. This guidebook lists new restaurants. This guidebook lists cheap cafeterias. (and) 4 Yvette is taking her phone with her on vacation. She is taking her laptop. (also) Grammar BOTH AND NEITHER We use both and neither to talk about two things. With both + noun, the noun is plural. With neither + noun, the noun is singular. Both tours are inexpensive. Neither tour is expensive. When we use both / neither + of + plural noun, you need to include «a determiner like the / these / those / my / your, etc. before the noun. A singular verb stil follows neither. Both of my parents are luxury Neither of these trips is good for travelers. them. You can also use both / neither + of + pronoun Both of us are backpackers. Neither of them is an armchair traveler. 1 Circle the correct verb forms. Both cities gets / get a lot of tourists. Neither bus has / have air conditioning Both of those sightseeing tours includes / include lunch. Neither of my parents likes / like to travel very much. ‘There are only two seats left. Both of them is / are middle seats. My sister and I want to go to Mexico, but neither of us speaks / speak Spanish. 7 Both Patricia and Claudia is / are adventure travelers. 8 Neither of these souvenirs costs / cost much. 2 Combine and rewrite the sentences with both or neither. 1 Johnny loves to travel. Ossie loves to travel. Both Johnny and Ossie love to travel. 2 My mother doesn’t have a passport. My father doesn’t have a passport. 3. Stockholm has cold winters. Copenhagen has cold winters. 4 This tour doesn’t include lunch, That tour doesn’t include lunch either. 5. Hong Kong is great for shopping. Dubai is great for shopping 3 Check (v7) the sentences that are true for you. Put X next to the sentences that are not true for you. (Hike to travel 1 want to visit Antarctica someday. (1 thave a passport. 1 Iplan to go abroad next year. (Town a backpack. (Lam a luxury traveler. (Ci Hove to go hiking D1 think it’s fun to shop for souvenirs. 4 Join a partner and discuss what you have in common. Then share your findings with another pair. Both of us like to travel. Neither of us FUN WRITING TASK Read this paragraph. Circle the words both and neither. Underline the transition words that add information. | think Noah and | would make good travel partners. Both of Us like to meet new people and try new foods. We also like to G0 to bed early and get up late. Neither of us plans much before atrip. Both of us like adventure travel. In addition, neither of us likes to shop. We prefer to go to museums and art galleries. Noah budgets his money well, but I don't. That's OK. He can handle the _ money for both of us, so we don't spend too much. We want to go ‘overseas for a short trip. We'd like to visit Central America together. We'd like to visit both Costa Rica and Panama. We want to go hiking, swimming, and spend some time in small towns, too. BRAINSTORM 1 What would you want to know before you agree to travel with someone? Add two more yes/no questions to the chart. Then answer the questions about yourself by circling yes or no in the first column. You Partner 1. Do you like to meet new poople? yes/no yes / no Dy yo fit fim yam 3. Do you get up early? yes / no yes /'no 4 Do you go to bed late? yes / no yes / no 5 Do you plan much before o trp? [yes/no | yes/no I {6 Do you lke to go shopping? yes/no yes / no 7 Do you like adventure travel? yes / no yes / no 8 Do you budget money well? yes / no yes / no 9 2 | yes/no yes / no 10 ie 2 | yes/no yes / no 2 Ask the questions to a partner. Complete the second column by circling yes or no. PLAN Plan a paragraph describing how you and your partner are—or are not —good travel partners. Look back at your brainstorm and see ia you have in common, and what you don’t have in common. WRITE Write your paragraph. Pay attention to your use of both and neither. Use transition words to add information. Your paragraph should be 100-125 words. SHARE Exchange paragraphs with a different partner. Look af the checklist on page 109 and provide feedback to your mew partner. REWRITE AND EDIT Consider your partner's comments and rewrite your paragraph. FUN WRITING Writing about a job you would like to have You are going to learn about supporting your writing by giving reasons, and using like, would like, and be like. You are then going to use these skills to write about a job you would like to have. Writing skill SUPPORTING YOUR WRITING BY GIVING REASONS ‘One way to support your writing is by giving reasons why you feel a certain way or why something happens. You can use becouse and so in sentences with reasons. Look at the different ways these are used: The job is siressful because the planes are full reason The planes are ful, so the job is stressul reason STL DeLELen nN 1 Forest rangers need to be independent 2 Flight attendants need to be flexible 3. Sales managers need to be confident 4 Tour guides have to be sociable 2 Complete the sentences with because or so. 1 _Lineeds a new suit he has a job interview tomorrow. 2 [plan to look for a job next month, __ I need to prepare a résumé. 3 Fatima is good at solving problems ___ she's so creative. 4 Miguel is studying medicine __ both his parents are doctors. 5 I want to earn some extra money, I'm going to tutor my cousin, 6 This job doesn’t require any experience, Kal plans to apply for it. 3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas. 1 Marco is studying English because 2. Lucy doesn’t have any computer skills, so 3 Sally doesn’t like Jeremy bec: 4 Matt's job is boring, so __ 4 Work with a partner. Ask and answer these questions. + Why are you studying English? + What do you want to buy the next time you go shopping? Why? + What do you usually do on weekends? Why? PLANS Grammar UKE, WOULD LIKE, BE LIKE The word like is used in meanings. + like: for a fact or general preference What does he like to do? He likes to travel. + would like: for o preference What job would she like to do? She would like to be a flight attendant. (She'd like) + be like: for questions about a description What is she like? She's creative and confident. ferent ways. Notice the usage and 1. Look at this conversation at a job interview. Circle the correct words. Interviewer: Why (1) do you like / would you like this job? Applicant: (2) I like / I'd like this job because (3) I like / I'd like people, Interviewer: OK. Tell me a little about your personality, What (4) are you like / would you like? Applicant: Well, I think I'm hardworking, patient, and responsible. In addition, 1 know I'm creative because (5) I like / I'd like to design new things. Interviewer: I see. Do you have any questions for me? Applicant; Sure, What (6) are the hours like / do the hours like? I mean, are they 9 to 5? Interviewer: ‘They are flexible, So when (7) are you like / would you like to start? Applicant: You mean I have the job? 2 Now write answers to these questions about you. What are you like? What do you like to do on Friday nights? What would you like to do this weekend? Who do you like to hang out with? What is your school like? Where would you like to travel someday? What sports do you like to play? What are your friends like? eNeneene 3. Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions in exercise 2. Ask follow-up questions for more information. PLANS WRITING TASK Read this paragraph. Underline the reasons the writer gives. There are two mistakes with like, would like, or be like. Circle and correct them. |Lam interested in both art and computers, so | would like to be a graphic designer someday. There are three qualities that | feel would make me a good graphic designer. First, | know | am a creative person because | like to paint and draw. | work well alone or with a team, so | am flexible, too. I'm also a very sociable person. People would like to be around me, and | have a lot of close friends. My computer skis are excelent, | can use several computer design programs, and Ilike to learn Pro Art Studio soon. | would lke to ‘get my Master's degree in Graphic Design at the University of Art & Design in Helsinki, Finland. ‘Someday IC like to work for a large publishing company. BRAINSTORM Think about a job you would like to have someday. Write answers to these questions. Who re you interested in? What ab would you tke? Why would you ite this job? What oe you ike? Wy woud these personal quotes be useful in his ob? Wht silo experience do you have? What degree would you like o have? Whee exactly would you ike to wok someday? PLAN Plan paragraph describing what job you'd like to have. Look back at your brainstorm and include some of the answers to the questions, WRITE Write your paragraph. Include a topic sentence. Support your paragraph by giving reasons. Pay attention to your wseaf lit bolic ond vould fie Your paragraph soud be 100-123 wars SHARE Exchange your paragraph with a partner. Look atthe checkist on page 109 and provide feedback to your partner. REWRITE AND EDIT Consider your partner's comments and rewrite your paragraph. WRITING writing about a festival You are going to learn about subject-verb agreement and about transition words to contrast ideas. You are then going to use these skills to write about a festival. Grammar ‘SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT A singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb. Study these rules to help your subjects and verbs agree. When the subject is ... + two or more nouns connected by and, use a plural verb. ‘My aunt and uncle are coming today. ‘+ two or more nouns connected by or, use a singular verb. My aunt or uncle is coming today. + an bg) Pronoun (something, no one, etc.), use a singular verb. Everybody knows Jackie. Remember to ignore any phrase that comes between a subject and verb. % The man in dark glasses is my cousin. Those people on the sofa are my friends. 1 Circle the correct verb form. My friend and her family plans / plan to come to my graduation. ‘The contestants in the race is / are now ready. Your sister or brother is / are going to call you. ‘The man in the blue jacket looks / look familiar. No one knows / know the name of that woman. Either this book or that one over there belongs / belong to you. Donna and her sister is / are going to the festival. Is / Are everything OK? er ensenH 2 Check (v) the sentences that have correct subject-verb agreement. Then correct the ones that do not. 1) My sister and brother are visiting me. (1) Those handmade cards from your daughter are cute. (1 Everybody at the festival are having fun. [1 The people in the corner is my roommates. (Is anyone going by bus today? (1 Friday or Saturday are a good day to come over. (1 There is something I want to tell you. (1) That story about the two old uncles is really funny. CELEBRATION Writing skill USING TRANSITION WORDS TO CONTRAST IDEAS, In addition to using transition words to add ideas (Unit 8), we can also use them to contrast ideas. Notice the position of the transition words but, though, and however, as well as the punctuation in these examples. Note that however is more common in written than in spoken English The events are traditional, but it's @ recent Festival A big cheese is rolled down a hill, and hundreds of contestants chase it They rarely catch it, though To win, one camel has to hold down the other. However, they don’t usually do much. 1 Complete the sentences with but, though, or however. Highland games are held in many countries. they are most popular in Scotland. I ike to go to festivals. I never participate, Thave some food for the lunch, I don't have any plates, 4 Many countries celebrate Mother's Day. , Father's Day isn’t celebrated globally. 5 I'd love to attend the graduation celebration, I have to work that day. 6 Linda loves to compete in sports events. She rarely wins, 2. Rewrite each pair of sentences using the transition word in parentheses ( ). 1 Some people love to go camping. I don’t. (but) 2. Tomorrow is a national holiday. I have to work. (though) 3. Everyone is free to join the festival. Everyone has to wear a costume. (however) 4 I can't see you this weekend. I can call you. (though) 5 The festival is very enjoyable. It only lasts one day. (however) 6 Tania needs to prepare a dish for the dinner, She can‘t cook. (but) 3 Complete these sentences with your own ideas. 1 Itwould be fun to participate in a pie-eating contest, but 2 I don’t have any money for the bus. , though. Many celebrations are a time for families. However, CELEBRATION WRITING TASK Read this paragraph. Circlé the transition words that contrast ideas. Correct any mistakes in subject-verb agreement. \ like all festivals, but my favorite one are the Mid-Autumn Festival. It's also known as the Moon Festival or even the Mooncake Festival. It's a very old holiday in China. However, it's still very popular today. It takes place on the 15th day of the eighth month of the Chinese calendar, in September or ‘October. On this day, we eats moon cakes. These s —_— * are delicious round pastries filled with red beans or other ingredients. The mooncakes for this festival is round because the moon is full on the day of the festival. Family and friends meet outside and put food on tables. Then everyone look up at the sky. | like this day because I can be with friends and \ family | often eat too much, though! aa > eS BRAINSTORM Think about a festival you like. Answer these questions. ‘What is the name of the festival? When isi? How do people celebrate it? Why do you ike it? 5 Eh 5 lee) wo 3B a PLAN Plan a paragraph about a festival. Look back at your brainstorm and decide what information to include. WRITE ‘Write your paragraph. Pay attention to your use of transition words to contrast ideas. Use correct subject-verb agreement. Your paragraph should be 100-125 words. SHARE Exchange paragraphs with a partner. Look at the checklist on page 109 and provide feedback to your partner. REWRITE AND EDIT Consider your partner’s comments and rewrite your paragraph. Use a dictionary to check the spelling of any words you are unsure of. (CELEBRATION

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