THE VALUE OF SCIENCE (The suppressed in the 19th century. But in grasp.

tury. But in grasp. In his four-year exile, he sciences found in the most developed
Life and Work’s of Jose Rizal) one of his essays, The Religiosity of the fostered fascination for conchology countries? How is it related to nation
Filipinos, Rizal asserted that science is or the study or collection of shells, building? What are their contributions
LESSON INTRODUCTION
helpful in understanding the Creator. estimated to be around 346 shells from to the economy?
• Science was instrumental in the 203 species. Rizal became a familiar
LESSON 10: THE ART OF RIZAL
developing changes in the 19th century. name for at least three species named
Rizal was also a part of that century RIZAL AND THE SCIENCE after him: Draco rizali (lizard), Lesson Introduction:
when various methods of enlightening Apogonia rizali (beetle), and
• As a propagandist writing in the La ■ Most of the works of Rizal are
took shape not only in the societal arena Rhacophorus rizali (frog).
Solidaridad, Rizal would invoke the Furthermore, he delved into glossed over by historians. But when
but also in industrial concerns.
importance of science in laying out archaeological, geological, and they look at his humanity, creativity
• In this lesson, we take a further look reforms and in improving the state of anthropological studies based on his and expression, they would be surprise,
into the state of science in the the country. In the Indolence of the correspondences with his fellow for he was also an artist!
Philippines back in Rizal’s time and Filipinos, Rizal argued the important scientists. ■ In this lesson, we deal with the side
how he viewed its contribution to the use of physical sciences to understand
of Rizal being a creator of his designs,
nation he envisioned. current social reality. In The
literally. As he was managing to travel
Philippines a Century Hence, he
LESSON DISCUSSION: • Rizal was also in touch with his abroad, correspond with distant family
compared science with history.
scientific side and never relinquished and friends, or mark a special occasion
• Science was not at the forefront of the
“History does not record in its annals his thirst for knowledge. for a person or event, his creative hands
Spanish colonial Philippines in the 19th
any lasting domination by a group of could not help but accentuate his
century. It was merely introduced as a • The species named after him clearly
people...the existence of a foreign body thoughts. Finally, a closer look into the
required subject to be taken to fulfil the displayed his contributions to botany
within another endowed with strength different types of his art works is
much needed courses to attain a degree. and zoology. His inquiries into the
and activity in contrary to all natural discussed in this lesson.
The El Filibusterismo described a local environment provided detailed
and ethical laws. Science teaches us
students enrolled in a class of Physics accounts of his different contributions Lesson Discussion:
that it is either assimilated, destroys
to be “reciting lessons from memory,” to society. A man of his calibre, born in
the organism, is eliminated or becomes
the East, educated in the West, and still ■ Rizal utilized his knowledge of the
which was a usual predicament back
encysted.” arts and its power of evoking what
then. Students were to mimic, like was able to focus and look on the
words cannot describe. This talent of
parrots, the lessons laid out by their • An ardent admirer of the physical greater side of man makes you take a
second look on his scientific pursuits. Rizal provided an added fuel in sending
professors from the religious orders. sciences, Rizal had to prove his
out his message and connecting to the
When students showed a sign of knowledge about the subject when he
STUDENT’S JOURNAL people close to him as if they were just
distaste for the subject, the atmosphere was in exile in Dapitan. The solitude
near. The understanding that Rizal also
transformed into a “sermon about and tranquillity of the place provided • Reflect on why the study of the
knew of the arts casts another look at
lessons on humility, submissiveness, him with resplendent natural sciences was integral into
his creativity.
and respect for the religious.” That was surroundings and he believed that any understanding how nations are ruled.
the context by which science was scientific pursuit would be within his Why are the most advanced in the
■ Rizal was a fan of the visual arts. His invented as well. One of the most Remarks: This was a gift given to Remarks: modeled from memory by
pen being famous for writing so many famous would be his artistic cover of Leonor Valenzuela, one of Rizal's love Rizal in 1894
lines, people tend to forget about its his first novel, Noli Me Tangere. It was interests.
other use for conjuring image. He had a teaser of sorts to the uninitiated
■ Shells painted by Rizal in Dapitan
the talent for it even at a young age. He contents of his book, giving glimpses of
and given as a gift to Doña Leonor
was said to have been given clay and details about characters and elements in
Valenzuela and later passed into the Title: Sketch of Saturnina Rizal
moments later he fashioned it into tiny various chapters.
hands of Doña Margarita Valenzuela.
sculpture. Material: oil painting
■ He also gave him time to be playful
■ Leonor Valenzuela is one of Rizal's
■ He was given creative freedom by his and came up with his version of a comic Remarks: Painted by Rizal using oil of
love interest. She is a tall girl from
parents at a very young age. If Rizal strip for his nephews in the Monkey and his sister Saturnina while at Santo
Pagsanjan. Rizal sent her love notes
were to be given another chance in life, the Turtle. Yet even those dear to his Tomas University.
written in invisible ink. They could
he would have chosen to be an artist. heart need not worry, for he was truly
only be deciphered over the warmth of Title: Oyang Dapitana
inspired by them and drew their
The Art of Rizal the lamp or candle. He visited her on the
portraits as a souvenir. The variety and Material: clay
eve of his departure to Spain and bade
By sharing his talent in crafting extent of Rizal’s artistic practice was
her a last goodbye. Remarks: sculpted in 1893-1894 in
something out of nothing, Rizal indeed diverse.
provided his circle with the benefit of Title: Dapitan Church Curtains Dapitan
One of Jose Rizal's many talents was
being complete. As he was narrating Title: Singapore Lighthouse
the ability to create tremendous pieces Material: oil painting
his travels abroad, he also attached a
of artwork which included sketches, Material: crayon sketch
sketch of a view from his streamer or Remarks: This was a backdrop painted
paintings, and sculptures.
apartment. In most cases, he would by Rizal in Dapitan in the year 1894. Remarks: sketched in 1887 in
send some of his friends some letters Title: Triumph of Science over Death Calamba
with an attachment along with these on ■ In 1894, Fr. Vicente Balaguer thought
Material: Clay of a backdrop for the Holy Week. He
special occasions. When he felt gloomy
or wanted to report to his wanted one that’s done in canvas oil
Remarks: sculpted by Rizal in 1890. Title: Spanish Coat of Arms
correspondence about the state of his painting. He heard of Rizal’s painting
The sculpture was originally given to
health, he would often take a self – ability and requested him to paint a Material: water color
Ferdinand Blumentritt and is now
portrait about himself and would beautiful backdrop for the church altar
displayed at the Rizal Shrine Museum Remarks: painted in Calamba 1867
narrate the state he was in. There were that would show a colonnaded court,
in Fort Santiago.
cases also giving tokens of seen from a wide open gate like that of Title: Suez Canal
appreciation in the form of a small Title: A Painting on a Pair of Mother of a scene depicting the court of Pontius
Pearl Pilate. Material: ink
portrait bust in exchange for the hosts’
hospitality and warmth. Material: painting on a shell Title: Bust of Father Jose Guericco Remarks: Sketch Rizal made of Aden,
Material: clay Yemen in 1882 on his way to Spain.
■ At times, his skills would be used to
carve out toys for the games he Title: Mothers’Revenge
Material: clay or terracotta sculpture LESSON DISCUSSION published, the 5-part Indolence of the ■ Eventually, the La Liga Filipina was
Filipinos and Philippines, A Century the last organization Rizal formed and
Remarks: Rizal in Dapitan in 1894. ■ Upon his arrival to Europe, Rizal
Hence. was directly involved in because a few
linked up with his fellow Filipinos.
Title: Vista de Gendarmenmarkt en days after, Governor General Despujol
■ When he returned to Manila, Rizal
Berlin ■ They established a number of arranged for Rizal’s arrest and eventual
tried to establish the first national
organizations to strengthen their exile to the southern part of Mindanao,
Material: graphite on paper organization uniting the archipelago.
identity as a simple collective group of Dapitan. Despite his failure to
Never before had there been a gathering
Filipinos embarking on the Paris materialize any long standing
where different mestizos and indios
Exposition of 1899. organization, Rizal’s followers were
Art reflects values, beliefs, identity, were unified under one country, the
able to establish for themselves without
feelings and emotions; We need art to ■ They adopted the name of Kidlat Filipinas. On the 3rd of July, 1892,
his help. The formation of the
understand and share our individual Club, whose included Antonio Luna, Rizal established his national
Katipunan by Supremo Andres
and shared history Bladeramo organization at the Ongjunco
Bonifacio who benefied from Rizal’s
Residence, in Tondo, Manila. It was to
Roxas, Fernando Canon, Juan Luna, vision made use of the latter’s
be known as the La Liga Filipina. It
etc. Eventually, the name became influential mien, as references alluding
LESSON 11: ORGANIZATIONS was attended by a number of Filipino
temporal, fashioned out of a whim. to the Dapitan exile was present
from different fields and social strata
If you will be given the chance to throughout their secret organization
■ However, they spotted the native like Domingo Franco, Pedro Serrano
establish or create an organization, American Indians and were inspired by Laktaw, Ambrosio Salvador,
what would be your main goal / them. From Kidlat Club, they became Apolinario Mabini, Andres Bonifacio,
objective? What are your advocacies? the Los Indios Bravos. Adopting the and several others.
“Pag ako naging SK …” derogatory term the Spaniards called ■ The La Liga Filipina has its own
their fellow Filipinos, the members constitution written by Rizal. Its aims
LESSON INTRODUCTION: classified themselves into a greater goal were the following:
If one plans to change something of unifying their fellow Filipino
impossible, he must be in the company students in Europe. a. Unity of the whole archipelago
of a few, for in this few, he gathers the into one compact and homogenous
■ Eventually, this group of students and body;
strength of the many. Trusted and like- young professionals became
minded individuals such as Rizal were b. Mutual protection in every want
entrenched in providing a voice to air and necessity;
constantly looking for people who their issues and suggestions to the
would be willing to accompany him in c. Defense against all violence and
government. The Asosacion La injustice;
his greater goal. In his studies abroad, Solidaridad materialized. This
he became open to establish various d. Encouragement of education,
organization later published the agriculture, and commerce; and
organizations who would be a larger newsletter entitled La Soladaridad
voice in hearing out the faint cry of the e. Analysis and application of
where the lengthiest and reforms.
people. groundbreaking articles of Rizal were