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Interference Fits and Pressure

This document discusses interference fits, which involve press fitting a shaft inside a hole. It covers tolerance grades, fundamental deviations, preferred fits using the basic-hole system including examples of loose running and force fits. It also discusses Lame's equations for calculating stresses and displacements in interference fits, as well as the maximum torque an interference fit can transmit without slipping.

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534 views

Interference Fits and Pressure

This document discusses interference fits, which involve press fitting a shaft inside a hole. It covers tolerance grades, fundamental deviations, preferred fits using the basic-hole system including examples of loose running and force fits. It also discusses Lame's equations for calculating stresses and displacements in interference fits, as well as the maximum torque an interference fit can transmit without slipping.

Uploaded by

rwmingis
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Interference Fits

Lecture 15 Engineering 473 Machine Design

Standards
US Customary Preferred Limits and Fits for Cylindrical Parts, ANSI B4.1-1967. Metric Preferred Metric Limits and Fits, ANSI B4.2-1978.

Limits and Fits


(Metric Nomenclature)

D basic size of hole d basic size of shaft u upper deviation l lower deviation F fundamental deviation D tolerance grade for hole d tolerance grade for shaft

Shigley, 4-9

Tolerance Grade Numbers


Tolerance difference
between the maximum and minimum size limits of a part.

International Tolerance Grade Numbers are used to


specify the size of a tolerance zone. In the ANSI standard, the tolerance is the same for both the internal (hole) and external (shaft) parts having the same Tolerance Grade Numbers.
Shigley, 4-9

Tolerance Grade Numbers


IT0 through IT16 are contained in the standard.

Grade Number
IT11 International Tolerance

Shigley, 4-9

Tolerance Grades Table

Shigley, Table A-11

Fundamental Deviations
Example of Fit Specification 32H7 Hole 32g6 Shaft Upper Case => Hole Lower Case=> shaft
F , Fundamental Deviation

32g6

Tolerance Grade, IT6


D = d = 32 mm (Basic Size)
Shigley, 4-9

Fundamental Deviations for Shafts

Shigley, Table A-12

Lower and Upper Deviations


Shaft letter codes c,d,f,g, and h
Upper deviation = fundamental deviation Lower deviation = upper deviation tolerance grade

Shaft letter codes k,n,p,s, and u


Lower deviation = fundamental deviation Upper deviation = lower deviation + tolerance grade

Hole letter code H Lower deviation = 0 Upper deviation = tolerance grade


Shigley, 4-9

Preferred Fits Using the Basic-Hole System

Shigley Table 4-5

Loose Running Fit


(Example) Determine the loose running fit tolerances for a shaft and hole that have a basic diameter of 32 mm. From Table 4-5, Specification is 32H11/32c11 Hole Shaft Tolerance Grade 0.160 mm 0.160 mm (0.0063 in) Upper deviation 0.160 mm -0.120 mm Lower deviation 0.000 mm -0.280 mm Max Diameter 32.160 mm (1.266 in) 31.880 mm (1.255 in) Min Diameter 32.000 mm (1.260 in) 31.720 mm (1.225 in) Ave Diameter 32.080 mm (1.263 in) 31.800 mm (1.252 in) Max Clearance Min Clearance
C max = D max d min = 0.44 mm (0.017 in ) C min = D min d max = 0.12 mm (0.005 in)

Loose Running Fit


(Example Continued) Dimension Tolerances Shown on Drawing Hole Shaft

32.080 +0..080 0 080

31.800 +0..080 0 080

Force Fit
(Example) Determine the force fit tolerances for a shaft and hole that have a basic diameter of 32 mm. From Table 4-5, Specification is 32H7/32u6 Tolerance Grade Upper deviation Lower deviation Max Diameter Min Diameter Ave Diameter Max Clearance Min Clearance Hole 0.025 mm (0.001 in) 0.025 mm 0.000 mm 32.025 mm (1.261 in) 32.000 mm (1.260 in) 32.013 mm (1.260 in) Shaft 0.016 mm (0.0006 in) 0.076 mm 0.060 mm 32.076 mm (1.262 in) 32.060 mm (1.262 in) 32.068 mm (1.263 in)

C max = D max d min = 0.035 mm (- 0.001 in ) C min = D min d max = 0.076 mm (-0.003 in)

Force Fit
(Example Continued) Dimension Tolerances Shown on Drawing Hole Shaft

32.013+0..012 0 013

32.068+0..008 0 008

Interference Pressures & Torques

How much pressure exists in a force fit, and how much torque can it transmit?
Deutschman, Fig. 18-2

Lame Equations for Thick Walled Cylinders


a 2 p i b 2 p o (p i p o )a 2 b 2 r = 2 2 b a b2 a 2 r 2

a 2 p i b 2 p o (p i p o )a 2 b 2 = + 2 2 b a b2 a 2 r 2

1 a 2 p i b 2 p o r 1 + (p i p o )a 2 b 2 u= + 2 2 E b a E b2 a 2 r

Shaft Displacement and Stresses


For external pressure and zero inside radius, Lames equations reduce to r = p

= p 1 s us = pa Es

Hub Displacement and Stresses


a 2 - b2 r = p 2 b a2 a 2 + b2 = p 2 b a2 pa a 2 + b 2 2 uh = b a 2 + h Eh

po = 0

Interference Pressure Equation


b2 + a 2 2 + h 2 1 s b a + C = u h u s = ap Eh Es p= C b2 + a 2 2 + h 2 1 s + a b a Eh Es

Maximum Torque without Slipping


Fn = p 2 a L
a

Ff = Fn
p

Torque = Ff a

L= Hub Thickness

Assignment
1. A 4-in diameter, 2-in face width, 20-tooth cast iron pinion gear is to transmit a maximum torque of 1200 inlb at low speed. Find the required radial interference on 1 in diameter steel shaft and the stress in the gear due to the press fit. Use the dedendum radius as the outside radius of the pinion gear. 2. Determine the dimension and tolerance to be specified on a drawing for a shaft and hole having a basic size of 50 mm. The fit must allow a snug fit but be freely assembled and disassembled.

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