COPING MECHANISM OF THE FAMILIES IN SAN ANDRES, BAUAN,

BATANGAS AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC

A Research Paper
Presented to the
Senior High School Faculty
of Sta. Teresa College
Bauan, Batangas

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in
Practical Research II

DAN CLEMENTSON L. DOLOR

VONN BRIAN P. ROSALES
KYLE BLUE G. TORRES

April 2021

i
 APPROVAL SHEET

This research entitled “COPING MECHANISM OF THE FAMILIES IN

SAN ANDRES, BAUAN, BATANGAS AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC,”

prepared and submitted by Dan Clementson L. Dolor, Vonn Brian P. Rosales,

and Kyle Blue G. Torres, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Practical

Research II, has been examined and recommended for acceptance and approval

for Oral Examination.

LEILA P. LAGMAY

Research Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of

______________.

MARIANNE R. OYONG CHONA D. BUNQUIN

Chairperson

PRINCES SARAH G. OMBAO MARIANNE R. OYONG

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements in

Practical Research II.

VIOLETA C. RAMOS, Ph. D.

Principal
Date

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to extend our profound and sincere gratitude to the persons

who have given us assistance and encouragement behind the success of this

piece of work.

Appreciation and gratitude are likewise extended to the following:

To our Almighty God who strengthened and guided us in making this

research paper. Through Him and in Him we are one step closer to our goals and

aspirations in life;

To Ms. Leila Lagmay, our research adviser, for her patience, support,

guide, and reminders that led to the success of this research.

To the respondents, for their time and willingness to provide the data

needed in this study by answering the questionnaire with honesty.

To our statistician, Mrs. Aileen I. Fayusal, and grammarian, Ms. Princes

Sarah G. Ombao, for their time and efforts in helping us in this research to finish

successfully.

To our panelist, Ms. Princes Sarah Ombao, Mrs. Chona Bonquin, and

Mrs. Marianne Oyong, for their comments, suggestions, and recommendations

for the development of our study.

And finally, to our, brothers, kind and loving parents and sisters, for

their financial and moral assistance, support, and inspirational advice.

-The Researchers

iii
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this research paper, first of all to God who gives me the

strength to accomplish this work.

To my family, Mr. Ramil Rosales and Mrs. Marites Rosales, who never

get tired to support me in all aspects of life not just in academics. You are all my

inspiration. I would never accomplish this without all of you.

To our adviser, Ms. Leila Lagmay, thank you for always reminding us not

to give up and for giving us the motivation to continue.

And of course, I also dedicate this work to myself for not giving up and to

keep going.

“You may face tons of problems and challenges but still, you’re here to

keep on fighting.”

Vonn Brian

iv
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this research to other families, future researchers, and to God. I

hope that this research would help a lot of people where they can use this study

for their everyday living.

To my family, Mr. Marco Torres and Mrs. Wanda Torres, this study is for

your hard work and the support you have given me;

To our research teacher, Mrs. Leila Lagmay, who guided us while making

our research and improves our study.

And lastly, I dedicate this research to myself, for all the hard work,

challenges and the obstacles I have encountered. This makes me a better

student and also a better version of myself.

Kyle Blue

v
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this research paper to God for always guide us in the beginning

to the end of our research and to accomplish this work.

To my family Mr. Renato Dolor and Mrs. Carmelita Dolor, this is all for

you, for the hard work you have done to us. I will pay back to you and thank you

for all of the support. You are my inspiration. I would not accomplish all of this

without you.

To our adviser, Ms. Leila Lagmay, thank you for your support in us, for

giving us strength to not give up and continue inspiring others.

And of course, I dedicate this to myself for keep on moving forward not

backward no matter what happened. I will still fight for myself and to my future. I

may face tons of challenges but I will do whatever it takes to live within.

Dan Clementson

vi
 ABSTRACT

TITLE : COPING MECHANISM OF THE FAMILIES IN SAN

ANDRES, BAUAN, BATANGAS AMIDST COVID-19

PANDEMIC

AUTHORS : DAN CLEMENTSON L. DOLOR

VONN BRIAN P. ROSALES

KYLE BLUE G. TORRES

TYPE OF DOCUMENT : Quantitative Research

TOTAL NO. OF PAGES : 83

NAME AND ADDRESS

OF INTITUTION : STA. TERESA COLLEGE KAP. PONSO ST.,

BAUAN, BATANGAS

COURSE : GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND (GAS)

YEAR COMPLETED : 2021

. The Covid-19 is not easy and some of the families are not aware of what

to do during this kind of situation to make them strong. Each individual has their

coping mechanism to confront stress and trauma. Sometimes, family members

encourage and boost the confidence of their loved ones who is positive in Covid-

19 to fight. Problems are inevitable but we cannot always run away from our

vii
problems. That is why the coping mechanism is very important because it helps

us solve problems and surpass the stressful days. The coping mechanism is

either positive or negative, it considered strategies that may help us to reduce the

stress and problems.

The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well

informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads.

Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an

alcohol-based rub frequently and not touching your face. There is no vaccine yet

but other countries are showing effort in making a vaccine for the Covid- 19.

There are some tips to assist family and friends address a dearest's

cancer diagnosis. First is being at liberty to raise the doctor queries if they

accompany their treasured one to a meeting. Write down queries so they will not

forget them. Another one is being ready for changes in their loved one’s behavior

and mood. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on population mental health

are unknown. We need to understand the scale of any such impact in different

sections of the population, who is most affected, and how best to mitigate,

prevent and treat any excess morbidity. We propose a coordinated and

interdisciplinary mental health science response.

The respondents of the study were the 65 families from Batangas

Province in the Municipality of Bauan each of the family has one representative.

The respondents of this study are from the Municipality of Bauan because of their

quick action on Covid-19. The survey was made thoroughly and carefully. The

questionnaire has two parts. The first part of the survey was the profile of the

viii
respondents. The second part of the survey was about their coping mechanism

amidst covid19 pandemic. The questionnaire was administered to 65 families of

Brgy. San Andres, Bauan, Batangas. The respondents were both male and

female depending on the family who were at home in Brgy. San Andres, Bauan,

Batangas. There were 31 male respondents with a percentage of 47.7 percent

and 34 female respondents with a percentage of 52.3 percent.

The researchers proposed a program such as a seminar or a charity, tutorials,

and free consultations that may help the residents of Barangay San Andres to

improve or change their coping strategies when facing COVID-19. It may also

help the residents of Barangay San Andres to reduce the financial, social and

mental complications. With the help of the said proposed programs, the residents

will know what they should do in the pandemic situation such as COVID-19.

ix
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
DEDICATION iv
ABSTRACT vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS x
LIST OF TABLES xii
LIST OF FIGURES xii
CHAPTER
I. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Introduction 1
Conceptual Framework 4
Statement of the Problem 6
Hypothesis 7
Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation 7
Significance of the Study 7
Definition of Terms 8
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Related Literature 11
Related Studies 14
Synthesis 17
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design 20
Respondents of the Study 21
Data Gathering Instruments 21
Data Gathering Procedure 23
Statistical Treatment of Data 24
IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
V. SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

x
 Summary 39
Findings 40
Conclusions 43
Recommendations 44
BIBLIOGRAPHY 45
APPENDICES 49
CURRICULUM VITAE 68

xi
 LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Age ........................... 25
2. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Sex ........................... 26

3. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of

Employed/Unemployed ........................… 27
4. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Family Structure...........… 27
5. Coping Strategies of Batangueno Families in terms
of Financial aspect ........................… 28
6. Coping Strategies of Batangueno Families in terms
of Mental Aspect ........................… 30
7. Coping Strategies of Batangueno Families in terms
of Social aspect ........................… 32

8. Coping Mechanism of Batangueno Families

When Grouped According to Age ........................… 34

9. When Grouped According to Sex ........................… 35

10. When Grouped According to Employment ........................… 35
11. When Grouped According to Family Membership ........................… 36
12. Program for Batangueno Families Facing
Pandemic Situation ........................… 37

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Research Paradigm ............................................. 5

xii
 CHAPTER 1

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Introduction

Worrying during this pandemic is unavoidable because it affects people’s

everyday living. Having a family member who is covid-19 positive is not easy and

some of the families are not aware of what to do during this kind of situation to

make them strong. Each individual has their coping mechanism to confront stress

and trauma. Sometimes, family members encourage and boost the confidence of

their loved ones who is positive in Covid-19 to fight.

Problems are inevitable but we cannot always run away from our

problems. That is why the coping mechanism is very important because it helps

us solve problems and surpass the stressful days. The coping mechanism is

either positive or negative, it considered strategies that may help us to reduce the

stress and problems.

According to World Health Organization (WHO), coronavirus disease

(COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.

Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate

respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people,

and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease,

diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop

serious illness. The COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva

or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so it’s

important that you also practice respirator y etiquette.

1
 The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well

informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes, and how it spreads.

Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using an

alcohol-based rub frequently and not touching your face. There is no vaccine yet

but other countries are showing effort in making a vaccine for the Covid- 19.

Covid-19 in a virus that came from China, before it is called NCov. It is a

serious problem in the world because it can kill many people and destroy the

economy of every country. People who suffered from this virus is not a hundred

percent sure if they are going to survive. Some people luckily survived this virus,

but some people died because of their health condition. Because there is no

vaccine yet it takes a lot of time before a person to recover. Many things are

restricted because of this virus. This virus makes people’s life worse. 

This virus affects the financial income of the families, many people lost

their jobs during the pandemic. Because of the pandemic, many people decided

to sell products online. 

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disturb and disrupt lives all over the

world. Change our lifestyles to adapt to this pandemic situation. The things that

people usually do: eating outside their home, visiting other relatives, hanging out

with friends, and even just running errands, are now things that should be

lessened or avoided.

People are all experiencing what mental health experts call “collective

trauma”. According to Dr. Ryan, "It is not the time for countries to move toward

mitigation," only if they are in a position to affect the course of the transmission of

2
COVID-19. This could overwhelm a country's health care system. All countries

need to review their strategies now." After all, people are just plucked out of their

daily lives and told to stay home, because going out and being in close contact

with strangers—could get them and other people sick. In this situation, the

(COVID-19) pandemic has a big impact on everyone. For a number of families,

their only choice is making big changes in their everyday routines due to financial

hardships. Many parents struggle to balance their responsibilities and family

finances.

The government implemented extraordinary measures to limit viral

transmission. In this critical situation, everyone's life changed due to restrictions

of movement and social contacts. In particular, health care professional,

uninterruptedly continued to work even in a critical situation, taking the risk

whether they will be affected or not by the Covid-19. Therefore, they might be

considered as one of the most vulnerable categories of professionals to develop

psychological stress and other mental health symptoms. Although a certain

degree of stress can facilitate task performance, it becomes problematic when

the demands outweigh the perceived resources to cope. A study reported that

the most common coping strategies used by health care workers are the

acceptance of the critical situation and the use of a positive outlook while

working.

The Researchers wanted to help and give knowledge to the Batangueño

families on how to deal with Covid-19. It can help us to know the effect of Covid-

19 in our lives. It is the current problem of the world that is why the researchers

3
chose this topic. The more knowledge the people has the higher the possibility

that Covid-19 can be avoided. It may give information to the next generation and

it can give them ideas on what business they can make.

Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework provides a clear insight based on the current flow

of the study. The framework will show the steps of the researchers in identifying

the coping mechanism of the families in San Andres, Bauan, Batangas amidst

COVID-19 Pandemic.

Lazarus and Folkman, one of the pioneers of the Coping Theory, defined

coping as constantly changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage

specific external and internal demands that appraised as taxing of exceeding the

resources of the person.

The study used the IPO model or the input, process and output. For the

input, it consists of the profile of the respondents and their coping mechanism in

terms of financial, mental and social. For the process, the researchers conducted

a survey to obtain the necessary data needed for the study. The gathered

information was analyzed and evaluated. The data collected was then interpreted

and come up with the proposed action.

The output was the possible solutions and prevention to lessen the

financial, social, and mental problems. It also include the proposed actions on

how to prevent or lessen this kind of case.

4
Profile of the
respondents in terms
of:
 Age;
 Sex;
 Highest Survey
education
attained; and Questionnaire Proposed
 Household Program
composition

Coping mechanisms of
Brgy. San Andres
families in terms of:
 Financial
 Mental; and
 Social

Input Process Output

Figure 1
Research Paradigm

5
Statement of the Problem
The study aimed to determine the coping mechanism of the Families of

San Andres, Bauan, Batangas during Covid-19 pandemic.

Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions:

1. What is the personal profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Sex;

1.3 Employment; and

1.4 Family Structure?

2. How may the coping mechanisms of the Families of San Andres, Bauan

Batangas be described in terms of:

2.1 Financial;

2.2 Mental; and

2.3 Social?

3. Is there a significant difference on respondents’ coping mechanisms when

grouped according to profile variables?

4. What coping mechanisms program for the Families of San Andres, Bauan,

Batangas Amidst Covid 19 Pandemic can be proposed to help the respondents

cope up with their situations?

6
Hypothesis of the Study

H0: There is no significant difference on the respondents’ coping

mechanisms when grouped according to profile.

Scope, Delimitation and Limitation of the Study

This study aimed to recognize the coping mechanisms of Batangueno

families in facing Covid- 19. This study was limited to the people inside Bauan,

Batangas. This research is all about the coping mechanisms of Batangeño

Families in the said municipality. It is focused on their coping strategies.

The respondents in this research were those people who live in the

municipality of Bauan Batangas, and it does not include other municipalities. The

researchers used a questionnaire for the respondents. The person who will

benefit from this study are those families facing the pandemic situation such as

Covid- 19.

Significance of the Study

The results or output of this research study is to identify the coping

mechanism of Batangueno family.

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has forced governments to impose a

lockdown, and many people have suddenly found themselves having to reduce

their social relations drastically. The result of this study will be beneficial to the

students, Batangueno families, and future researchers to make them realize the

relevance of knowing this particular study.

7
 Batangueno Families. The result of this study will help the Batangueno

families on how to prevent the problems in Covid-19 in the aspect of financial,

social, and mental.

Students. This study will help them to gain more knowledge about the

coping strategies of their neighbors. It can serve as a guide on what coping

mechanisms they should use in this time of pandemic.

Future Researchers. This study will help future researchers to be aware

of knowing the coping mechanism of Batangueno families in terms of Covid-19 in

the aspect of financial, social, and mental. This can serve as a future reference

for more studies that will be encountered by a researcher.

Health Workers. This will help in raising their awareness about the

Coping Mechanisms of the Families of San Andres, Bauan, Batangas. It can

serve as a guide on how to properly handle the coping strategies of the families

in this barangay. Health workers can discuss the difficulties that the residents are

facing.

Definition of Terms

The following terms and words are defined based on the study and in

terms of applicability to this research.

Coping Mechanism. These are the strategies often used by people to

face stress and to ease up the pain. These are the strategies people often use

in the face of stress and/or trauma to help manage painful or difficult

emotions.

8
 Extended Family. An extended family is a family that extends beyond the

nuclear family, consisting of parents like father, mother, and their children, aunts,

uncles, grandparents, and cousins, all living in the same household.

Family Structure. Is a term that describes the members of

a household who are linked by marriage or bloodline and is typically used in

reference to at least one child residing in the home under the age of 18. Family

structure includes the people who are considered part of the family—present

members, as well as important figures from the past—and the quality of the

relationships among them.

Financial. Some of your traders may already be working at home in self-

isolation, or else unable to work as they are ill. Others, able to travel and

classified as essential workers, have opted for your disaster recovery site

instead. Pertaining to monetary receipts and expenditures; pertaining or relating

to money matters; pecuniary

Mental health. Fundamental to our collective and individual ability as

humans to think, emote, interact with each other, earn a living, and enjoy

life. Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It

affects how we think, feel, and act.

Nuclear Family. A nuclear family, elementary family or conjugal family is

a family group consisting of two parents and their children (one or more). It is in

contrast to a single-parent family, the larger extended family, or a family with

more than two parents.

9
 Social. Relating to activities in which you meet and sp0end time with other

people. seeking or enjoying the companionship of others; friendly; sociable;

gregarious.

10
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

In this chapter, there are different literature and studies stated in relation

to the coping mechanisms of families when facing Covid-19. It is the part where

the concepts from literature and related studies were used to support the present

study.

Related Literature

This includes articles, journals, and books written by authors that have

significance to the present study.

Coping Mechanisms. According to Martin (2019), friends and relatives

are usually distressed by changes during a treasured one's health. There are

some tips to assist family and friends address a dearest's cancer diagnosis. First

is being at liberty to raise the doctor queries if they accompany their treasured

one to a meeting. Write down queries so they will not forget them. Another one is

being ready for changes in their loved one’s behavior and mood. Medications,

discomforts, and stress will use somebody with cancer to become depressed or

angry. They should also encourage their dearest one to move and freelance, the

maximum amount as attainable, to assist him or her regain a way of autonomy

and confidence. Be realistic concerning his or her wants. Make certain that they

are sleeping enough, consuming properly, and taking their time off for

themselves. And lastly, do not hesitate to ask the other members of the family

and friends for help because they will appreciate the chance.

11
 Lenz (2010, p. 69) defines problem-focused coping as “individuals directly

confronting and managing the source of their stress. Individuals prefer to deal

directly with the stress by confronting, controlling, or managing stressful tasks.”

Problem-focused coping is a form of active coping (Aspinwall & Taylor, 1992).

Carver, Scheier, and Weintraub (1989, p. 268) define active coping as “the

process of taking active steps to try to remove or circumvent the stressor or to

ameliorate its effects.”

On the other hand, Earnest and Dwyer (2010, p. 3) defined stress coping

skills as “the ability to apply strategies that minimize and manage the stress

response.” There are different types of coping styles, and the two major coping

methods discussed are problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping

(Aspinwall & Taylor, 1992).

As stated by Montilla et al. (2016) in their literature review about family

coping strategies and impacts on family health, stressful events such as any

other uncommon physical or psychological demand can cause an anxious state

of the family system, changing the dynamic equilibrium of the family system.

Thus, the importance of the family unit is having a good coping mechanism to

cope with different stressful events, keep one’s family functioning, and also family

health. The most used coping strategies by families are those aimed at finding

out information or searching for family, social or spiritual support. The

dissemination of different resources should be encouraged and thereby, make

them easier the ability to access them. Also, it is essential to continue working to

12
eradicate the social stigma associated with specific situations that involve the use

of certain negative coping strategies like avoidance, denial or concealment,

disconnection, self-blame, emotional detachment, substance use, causing an

alteration in family health.

Feenstra and colleagues (2001) examined the role of family environment

and family and individual coping strategies in relation to adaptation to college in

first-year students. The family environments, as measured by level of familial

conflict, of these late adolescents (mean age: 18.1 years) were found to be

significantly related to their successful adaptation to college, as measured by

such things as self-report of depressive and anxiety-related symptomatology,

comfort with the new environment, and academic success. In addition, family and

individual coping strategies were positively related to adaptation to college. How

frequently the family as a whole deals with internal conflicts among its members

as well as external pressures was positively related to successful Family

Congruence 22 adaptation to college. More active individual coping strategies

were also positively related to successful adaptation to the subject’s new college

environment. The researchers concluded that individual coping serves as a

mediator between family coping behavior and the college students successful

adaptation to college such that the individuals efforts to cope with stress account

for the relationship between the way the family as a whole manages difficulty and

successful adaptation to college.

13
 COVID-19. Coping was measured with the Brief COPE (Carver, 1997).

The instruction in the scale was modified to capture COVID-19 related coping

strategies. The instruction was changed to “These items deal with ways you’ve

been coping with theCovid-19 in your life....”The scale has a total of 28 items

measuring 14 different coping strategies (i.e., self-distraction, active coping,

denial, substance use, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support,

behavioral disengagement, venting, positive reframing, planning, humor,

acceptance, religion, and self-blame).Scores are summed and averaged for each

COVID-19 coping strategies, with higher average scores representing more

frequent use of each COVID-19 coping strategy. The Cronbach’s ranged

from .46 to .87. For the coping strategies in the current study, and ranged

from .43 to .97 in a previous study with a sample of mild traumatic brain injury

(Snell, Siegert, Hay-Smith, & Surgenor, 2011).

The best way to cope with an illness is to be open at all times, uncensored

dialogue between you and your loved one. In short, you need to make sure you

do not completely alter the nature of your relationship.

Related Studies

Stress is not new experience to all of us, it’s seen as modern society’s

illness, as most people, no matter how well adjusted, will suffer at least short-

term distress while they negotiate periods of transition, trauma, challenges and

loss. Stress has great impact on one performance and efficiency; however, the

intense pressure and the demands of coping determine the consequence of

stress on performance. Therefore, this paper discusses on the relationship

14
between stress and coping mechanisms. The purpose of this study is twofold: to

understand the history of stress related problems, and to provide suitable model

that brings all ways of coping mechanism into one. Eventually, the important

variables or factors associated with stress, and their direct or indirect effects on

various outcome measures such as mental health, physical health, and

performance will be taken into account. The result and the explanations of this

literature might help everyone to find out the main reason for their stressors, best

way to cope and greatest technique to use in managing stress.

The COVID-19 pandemic may have important psychological and social

effects, but these have not been assessed at the population level apart from the

fear of a potentially severe disease with no specific treatment, there is also

increasing concern that the mental health consequences of the social distancing

measures and the lockdown may be comparable or even exceed the burden of

physical illness and mortality due to the virus itself Thus, a more thorough

examination of the mechanisms and determinants that are associated with

increased psychological symptoms as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic would

be useful from a clinical and public health perspective.

COVID-19 has not only had an impact on people’s emotions, but their

coping strategies too have undergone a change. Coping is defined as the

thoughts and actions that individuals use to deal with stressful events 

COVID-19 is a global concern affecting Higher Education Institutions

(HEIs). This pandemic led to a strong reaction among students who experiences

anxiety. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine students’ knowledge,

15
attitudes, anxiety, and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results

showed that students possessed sufficient knowledge and high-risk perceptions.

Non-medical prevention measures were perceived as highly effective. Students

were satisfied with the government’s actions to mitigate problems. However, an

unwillingness with the online-blended learning approach was observed. Students

utilized various ways to cope up with mental health challenges. It is necessary to

address students’ mental health during this COVID-19 pandemic among HEIs.

CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report publishes the results of

COVID-19 outbreak investigations. CDC’s scientific journal Emerging Infectious

Diseases has published dozens of studies by researchers studying COVID-19

since the pandemic began.

Although SARS-CoV-2 can be deadly, it has mild-mannered cousins

called seasonal coronaviruses that are among the causes of the common cold.

Some scientists have suggested that people might be shielded from SARS-CoV-

2 infection if they have recently been infected by a seasonal coronavirus.

Some of these frequent mutations appeared in regions of the genome that

encode the spike protein that coronaviruses use to infect cells. But researchers

say there is no evidence that these changes in mink will affect SARS-CoV-2’s

ability to spread in people if it jumps back to humans. The findings have not yet

been peer reviewed.

16
Synthesis

There are some tips to assist family and friends address a dearest's

cancer diagnosis. First is being at liberty to raise the doctor queries if they

accompany their treasured one to a meeting. Write down queries so they will not

forget them. Another one is being ready for changes in their loved one’s behavior

and mood. Medications, discomforts, and stress will use somebody with cancer

to become depressed or angry.

The purpose of this study is twofold: to understand the history of stress

related problems, and to provide suitable model that brings all ways of coping

mechanism into one. Eventually, the important variables or factors associated

with stress, and their direct or indirect effects on various outcome measures such

as mental health, physical health, and performance will be taken into account.

The result and the explanations of this literature might help everyone to find out

the main reason for their stressors, best way to cope and greatest technique to

use in managing stress.

The current article is a narrative review of the existing literature on mental

health symptoms and interventions relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic. A

search of the PubMed electronic database was undertaken using the search

terms “novel coronavirus”, “COVID-19”, “nCoV”, “mental health”, “psychiatry”,

“psychology”, “anxiety”, “depression” and “stress” in various permutations and

combinations. A total of 47 citations were retrieved using this method. On

reviewing the above citations, 19 articles were excluded: 3 because they were

available only in the Chinese language, and 16 because they dealt with other

17
aspects of the COVID-19 outbreak, such as drug therapy, animal models, public

health and preventive measures, and organization of health care systems. A

careful review of these 16 articles revealed no material relevant to mental health.

As it was not possible to conduct a formal systematic review or meta-

analysis given the nature of the above publications, it was instead decided to

conduct a narrative review, giving priority to the few observational studies

available and briefly summarizing the salient themes from the other publication

types. Five broad themes were identified across the 26 publications, and were

used to organize the review: (a) observational studies reporting on mental health

symptoms in particular populations, (b) commentary and correspondence broadly

addressing the psychological impact of COVID-19 on the population, (c)

commentary and correspondence addressing the impact of COVID-19 on

healthcare workers, (d) commentary and correspondence specifically related to

high-risk or vulnerable populations, and (e) commentary and correspondence

related to methods of delivering mental health care during the COVID-19

outbreak. Published articles were classified according to their overall themes and

summarized. Preliminary evidence suggests that symptoms of anxiety and

depression (16–28%) and self-reported stress (8%) are common psychological

reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic, and may be associated with disturbed

sleep. Several individual and structural variables moderate this risk .

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on population mental health are

unknown. We need to understand the scale of any such impact in different

18
sections of the population, who is most affected, and how best to mitigate,

prevent and treat any excess morbidity. We propose a coordinated and

interdisciplinary mental health science response.

The researchers also found 23 mutations that had arisen independently at

least twice, suggesting that the virus was rapidly adapting to its new host. Our

single most important message is the need for high-quality mental health

research as part of the wider research response to the pandemic. Nowhere is the

case for integrating mental and physical health more pressing than in our

response to the pandemic.

The similarities between our study to the others was that we focused on

Coping mechanism amidst Covid-19 pandemic. And anything like a virus, in

some patients, the disease may progress to pneumonia, respiratory failure, and

death. Medicine has in managing infectious disease, and a range of herbal

medicinal studies on the treatment of a previous have provided clinical evidence

that herbal medicines have some advantageous effects.

The differences between our research and the others was that, some

research has a therapy for the people who has been depressed, have anxiety,

and many more. A fever, coughing, a sore throat, headaches, fatigue, myalgia,

and breathlessness are the most common clinical features of COVID-19. Several

clinical trials of possible treatments for COVID-19 are underway, based on those

treatments’ antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant or similar

activities.

19
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research methodology that has been adopted

in the study of the coping mechanism of Batangueno families in terms of covid-

19. It contains the research design, respondents of the study, data gathering

instruments, data gathering procedures, and statistical treatment of the study.

Research Design

The research design deemed appropriate for this quantitative study is a

descriptive research design. It gathered information through survey

questionnaires. The information that was collected aimed to know the coping

mechanisms of Batangueno families in terms of covid-19.

According to Dr. Y.P. Aggarwal (2008), descriptive research is devoted to

the gathering of information about prevailing conditions or situations for the

purpose of description and interpretation. While, according to Best and Kahn

(2007), “The term descriptive research has often been used incorrectly to

describe three types of investigation that are different. Perhaps their superficial

similarities have obscured their difference. Each of them employs the process of

disciplined inquiry through the gathering and analysis of empirical data, and each

attempts to develop knowledge. To be done competently, each requires the

expertise of the careful and systematic investigator. A brief explanation may

serve to put each one in proper perspective.”

20
Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were the 65 families from Batangas

Province in the Municipality of Bauan each of the family has one representative.

The respondents of this study are from the Municipality of Bauan because of their

quick action about Covid-19. These persons are needed to respond to help the

researchers gain different ideas and insights about their study. The purposive

sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents.

Data Gathering Instruments

The researchers made a survey that was used to answer the questions in

this research. The survey was made thoroughly and carefully. The questionnaire

had two parts. The first part of our survey was the profile of the respondents

while the second part was about their coping mechanism amidst Covid-19 in

terms of financial, mental and social.

The profile includes age, sex, employment, and family membership. The

researchers read different related literature about Covid-19 to make the list of the

different information of Covid-19 in the questionnaire. And then it turned out that

the researchers needed to know the methods of the respondents familiar to

them. The researchers made a list about the benefits of Coping Mechanism

through the gathered literature that is related to the researchers' study and a

checklist was constructed.

The researchers consulted the research adviser upon constructing the

questionnaire. The questionnaire was also validated by the panelist who

21
considered to be knowledgeable. The copy of the questionnaire was distributed

to other researchers conducting their study to rate if the questions in the

questionnaire should be revised, or even removed. Lastly, the researchers

consulted to the grammarian checking if there’s any wrong grammar.

After the validation of the questionnaire, the researchers distributed it to

the respondents. It was administered by the use of Google forms. The

questionnaire was administered to 65 families of Brgy. San Andres, Bauan,

Batangas which within next week. The respondents were both male and female

depending on the Family who were at home in Brgy. San Andres, Bauan,

Batangas.

The answers of the respondents regarding the Coping Mechanism in

terms of financial, Social, Mental were assessed using the four-point likert scale:

Always (4) ranging from 3.50 to 4.00, Often (3) ranging from 2.50 -3.49,

Sometimes (2) ranging from 1.50 to 2.49, and Never (1) ranging from 1.00 to

1.49.

In the level of awareness and assessment of the respondents, the

following scale were used.

3.50 to 4.00 Always

2.50 -3.49 Often

1.50 to 2:49 Sometimes

1.00 to 1 49 Never

22
Data Gathering Procedure

The study used possible sources including published articles, and

websites from the internet. The researchers constructed a questionnaire that was

based on the statement of the problem. It was believed to be the appropriate tool

for the study. After it was constructed, it was validate by the panelists and the

grammarian.

After the validation of the questionnaire, the researchers prepared a

Google form online survey to distribute the questionnaires and it was

disseminated through the Facebook messenger. The researchers dig further into

the information by asking for specific questions in a more systematic structure

with each of the questions with an equivalent aim to the respondents. The

questionnaire was in English language.

The researchers explained the instructions to get a better response from.

Respondents were chosen through sampling: they were selected on the basis of

their availability and their willingness to respond from our survey questionnaire.

The researchers collected the data questionnaire from the 65 respondents of the

San Andres, Bauan, Batangas with the help of the selected tools, and it was

statistically treated.

Statistical Treatment

After collecting the data from the respondents, tallying, tabulating, and

analyzing the data were made. The researchers used various statistical

treatments.

23
 Frequency. This is used to determine the number of respondents for

Batanguenio families’ coping mechanisms in terms of Covid-19.

Percentage. This is used to derive the relationship of the frequency for

each Bauangeño family and their coping mechanisms when facing Covid-19.

Weighted Mean. This is used to get the average assessment of the

respondent’s coping strategies on dealing with Covid-19.

T-test. This is used to determine if there is a significant difference in

respondent’s awareness when grouped according to profile variables.

One-Way ANOVA. This is used to determine whether there are any

statistically significant differences in the respondents’ profile variables.

24
 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the

data gathered from the responses of the respondents.

1. The Profile of the Respondents

This section presents the total number of respondents when grouped

according to the given profile variables: Age, Sex, Employment, Family

Membership.

1.1 Age

Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Age
Age Frequency Percentage
18-26 33 50.8
27-35 7 10.8
36-44 11 16.9
45-53 11 16.9
54-62 3 4.6
Total 65 100

The profile of the respondents in terms of their age were presented in

table 1. It shows that out of 65 respondents, those who are 18-26 years old has

the highest frequency of 33 which is equivalent to 50.8%. Followed by 36-44 and

45-53 years old which are tied with the frequency of 11 which is 16.9%. The

mean percentage of 10.8% and a frequency of 7 are 27 years of age to 35 years

25
old. Lastly, with the percentage of 4.6% and a frequency of 3 are family members

ranging from 54 years old to 62 years old.

Based on the result, 18-26 years old of the respondents had a highest

number of respondents with the frequency of 33 which is equivalent to 50.8%. On

the other hand, the least number of respondents belonged to those who have

ages from 54 - 62 years old with the frequency of 3 which is equivalent to 4.6%.

1.2 Sex

Table 2

Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Sex

Gender Frequency Percentage

Female 34 52.3
Male 31 47.7
Total 65 100

Table 2 shows that out of 65 respondents, those who are female gained a

frequency of 34 which is equivalent to 52.3%. Likewise, those who are male have

a frequency of 31 which is equivalent to 47.7% of the total number of

respondents. Based on the result that have gathered, there are more female than

male respondents.

1.3. Employment

For table 3, it shows that out of 65 respondents 36 of them are

unemployed which has a percentage of 55.4%. However, 17 of the respondents

are locally employed which has a percentage of 26.2%. Followed by

26
entrepreneurs which has a frequency of 9 with the percentage of 13.8%. Lastly,

OFW has a 3 frequency with the percentage of 4.6%.

Table 3

Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Employed/Unemployed

Frequency Percentage
Self-Employed 9 13.8
Locally Employed 17 26.2
Unemployed 36 55.4
OFW 3 4.6
Total 65 100

Based on the results, mostly of the respondents are unemployed which

has a frequency of 36 that is equivalent to 55.4%. On the other hand least of our

respondents are OFW which has a frequency of 3 that is equivalent to 4.6%.

1.4 Family Structure

Table 4
Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Family Structure
Family Structure Frequency Percentage, %
Nuclear Family 48 73.8
Joint family 16 24.6
Extended Family 1 1.5
Total 65 100

Table 4 shows that the 48 or 73.8 percent of the respondents belonged to

the nuclear family while 16 of them or 24.6 percent belonged to Joint Family.

Meanwhile, one of the respondent or 1.5 percent belonged to extended family.

27
2. Coping Strategies of Batangueno Families in terms of:

2.1 Financial aspect

Table 5
Coping Strategies of Batangueno Families in terms of Financial aspect

Items Weighte Verbal Rank

d Mean Interpretation
1. I have a plan of action for any
financial emergency in case of 3.05 Agree 2
illness and the like.
2. I have maintained a good amount of 3.00 Agree 4
savings.
3. My expenses have exceeded my 2.54 Agree 10
budget
4. I have paid my bills on time. 3.02 Agree 3
5. I managed to still buy things that I 2.62 Agree 9
want.
6. I only buy things that are essential Strongly
like basic needs. 3.34 Agree 1
7. I take inventory of my finances 2.68 Agree 7
8. I create a monthly budget 2.82 Agree 6
9. I create extra sources of income 2.66 Agree 8
10. I take control of my finances by
setting aside some time to
schedule, organize, and declutter
all of the money coming in and out 2.83 Agree 5
of my bank account.
General Weighted Mean 2.85 Agree

It could be gleaned in table 5 the coping strategies of Batangueno

Families in terms of financial aspect. Based on the table, respondents strongly

agreed that they only buy things that are essential like basic needs. This

28
obtained a weighted mean of 3.34 while the 3.05 weighted mean revealed that

they have a plan of action for any financial emergency in case of illness and the

like with a verbal interpretation of agree. Likewise, they agreed that they pay their

bills on time with a weighted mean of 3.02.

On the other hand, respondents agreed that they create extra sources of

income with a weighted mean of 2.66. They managed to still buy things that they

want got a weighted mean of 2.62 with a verbal interpretation of agree. Least in

the rank showed that they agreed that expenses have exceeded my budget with

a weighted mean of 2.54.

A stream of research has investigated how individuals and families coped

with economic hardship and financial stress, especially focusing on certain

demographic groups or social identities such as low-income households

(Bauchet and Evans 2019; Gjertson 2016; Kim and Wilmarth 2016; Tobe et

al. 2016), immigrants (Vesleyet al. 2015), women (Menclova 2013), and young

adults (Stein et al. 2013). The coping strategies that individuals and families

adopted varied to a great extent, with some similarities.

29
 2.2 According to Mental aspect

Table 6
Coping Strategies of Batangueno Families in terms of Mental Aspect

Items Weighted Verbal Rank

Mean Interpretatio
n
1. I have a complete 8 hours of sleep. 2.55 Agree 7
2. I am seeking external support
instead of self-isolating and 2.63 Agree 6
internalizing the effects of stress
3. I spend time with my family to 3.20 Agree 1
reduce stress.
4. I engage to relaxing activities that
can help me cope with stress like
sitting in nature, listening to soft 3.20 Agree 1
music and other calming techniques
5. I limit the use of social media to
avoid the risk of mental illnesses like
anxiety, depression, sleep problems, 2.55 Agree 7
and many more.
6. I do some physical activities like
running, yoga, swimming, walking,
dance, team sports, and other types 2.83 Agree 3
of physical activity.
7. Me and my family are watching 2.72 Agree 4
comedy shows to reduce the stress.
8. I meditate to relax my mind. 2.68 Agree 5
9. I surround myself with open minded
persons so that I can have the right 3.05 Agree 2
mindset.
10. I use my time to read books. 2.34 Disagree 8
General Weighted Mean 2.78 Agree

Based on the table, respondents agreed that they engage to relaxing

activities that can help me cope with stress like sitting in nature, listening to soft

music and other calming techniques. It obtained a highest weighted mean of 3.20

30
same with spending time with their family to reduce stress followed by 3.05

weighted mean wherein they agreed that they surround themselves with open

minded persons so that they can have the right mindset.

On the other hand, they agree that they have a complete 8 hours of sleep

and limit the use of social media to avoid the risk of mental illnesses like anxiety,

depression, sleep problems, and many more. It obtained a weighted mean of

2.55. They disagree that they use their time to read books with a weighted mean

of 2.34.

Folkman and Lazarus have defined coping as a person's constantly

changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage an encounter appraised as

stressful. The coping mechanism is also described as any effort directed to

stress management, including task-oriented and ego defense mechanisms, the

factors that enable an individual to regain emotional equilibrium after a stressful

experience. It may be an unconscious process. The process of coping is a very

complex response that occurs when an individual attempts to remove stress or a

perceived threat from the environment. Thus, coping can be viewed as a

stabilizing factor that may assist individuals in maintaining psychosocial

adaptation during stressful events; quite a few scales are also available to

measure coping.

31
 2.3 According to Social status
Table 7
Coping Strategies of Batangueno Families in terms of Social aspect

Items Weighted Verbal Rank

Mean Interpretatio
n
1. Our family have allotted time to talk to each 3.17 Agree 5
other.
2. I am always listening to the advices of my
friends and relatives to gain more motivation 3.22 Agree 3
to face the situation.
3. Our family is motivating each other to be 3.18 Agree 4
strong and have courage to the situation.
4. Our family holds an open forum/ talk to
understand more the situation and doing 2.68 Agree 9
recreational.
5. My family is encouraging me to always pray Strongly
to God to overcome the situation. 3.38 Agree 1
6. I am trying to comfort and understand my Strongly
family in this time of pandemic. 3.31 Agree 2
7. I am doing some altruistic acts (helping
others or doing good deeds without focusing 3.02 Agree 6
on recognition or reward)
8. I am seeking out activities with my family to 2.94 Agree 7
avoid stress.
9. I join groups or take classes that interest me
(religious groups, civic groups, service 2.82 Agree 8
groups, hobby groups, exercise groups, etc.)
10. I initiate interactions with friends and family. Strongly
3.31 Agree 2
General Weighted Mean 3.10 Agree

32
 Table 7 showed that respondents strongly agree that their family is

encouraging them to always pray to God to overcome the situation. This got the

highest weighted mea of 3.38 followed by 3.31 weighted mean wherein they

initiate interactions with friends and family. They agree that they always listen to

the advices of their friends and relatives to gain more motivation to face the

situation. It obtained a weighted mean of 3.22.

On the other hand, they agree that they are seeking out activities with their

family to avoid stress with a weighted mean of 2.94. A weighted mean of 2.82

revealed that they join groups or take classes that interest them (religious

groups, civic groups, service groups, hobby groups, exercise groups, etc.). Least

in the rank was a weighted mean of 2.68 showing that they agree that their family

holds an open forum/ talk to understand more the situation and doing

recreational.

Different studies also point to the importance of certain socio-emotional

factors in learning strategies, such as organizational, personal, and social

obstacles, underlining the need to pay more attention to them. These obstacles

direct attention toward self-efficacy and its related factors in university students

(Salanova et al., 2010; Medrano et al., 2016; Del Rosal and Bermejo, 2017).

33
3. Respondents’ Assessment on the Coping Mechanism of the Batangueno

Families when Group Group According to Profile Variable.

3.1 According to age

Table 8

Coping Mechanism of Batangueno Families

When Grouped According to Age

Mean Compute p-values Decision on Verbal

d F- Ho Interpretation

values

Financial Status 2. 967 0.064 Failed to reject Not Significant

Mental Status 0.843 0.526 Failed to reject Not Significant

Social Status 0.794 0.553 Failed to reject Not Significant

With regard to the assessment on the coping mechanism of the

Batanqueno families when grouped according to Age, the computed values for

the means of Financial, Mental and Social are 2.967, 0.843 and 0.794

respectively. Likewise, the obtained p-values of 0.064, 0.526 and 0.553 which all

are greater than the 0.05 level of significance led to failure to reject the null

hypothesis Therefore, there is a no significant difference in the assessment of the

34
respondents in their coping mechanism in terms of financial, mental and social

status when group according to Age.

Table 9
When Grouped According to Sex
Mean Compute p-values Decision on Verbal

d t-values Ho Interpretation

Financial Status -0.274 0.785 Failed to reject Not Significant

Mental Status 0.602 0.550 Failed to reject Not Significant

Social Status 0.126 0.900 Failed to reject Not Significant

With regard to the assessment on the coping mechanism of the

Batanqueno families when grouped according to sex, the computed values for

the means of Financial, Mental and Social are -0.274, 0.602 and 0.126

respectively likewise obtained p-values of 0.785, 0.550 and 0.900 which all are

greater than the 0.05 level of significance. These results led to failure to reject

the null hypothesis therefore, there is no significant difference in the assessment

of the respondents on their coping strategy in terms of financial, mental and

social when grouped according to sex.

3.3 When Grouped According to Employment

Table 10

35
 Mean Compute p-values Decision on Verbal
d F- Ho Interpretation
values
Financial Status 1.618 0.259 Failed to reject Not Significant
Mental Status 0.120 0.946 Failed to reject Not Significant
Social Status 1.338 0.327 Failed to reject Not Significant

With regard to the assessment on the coping mechanism of the

Batanqueno families when grouped according to employment, the computed

values for the means of Financial, Mental and Social are 1.618, 0.120 and 1.338

respectively I likewise obtained p-values of 0.259, 0.946 and 0.327 which all are

greater than the 0.05 level of significance. These results led to failure to reject

the null hypothesis therefore, there is no significant difference in the assessment

of the respondents in their coping strategies when grouped according to

Employment.

3.4 When Grouped According to Family Membership

Table 11

Mean Computed p-values Decision on Verbal

F-values Ho Interpretation

Financial Status 2.85 0.066 Failed to Not Significant

reject

Mental Status 0.772 0.466 Failed to Not Significant

reject

Social Status 1.79 0.175 Failed to Not Significant

36
 Reject

With regard to the assessment on the coping mechanism of the

Batanqueno families when grouped according to Family Membership, the

computed values for the means of Financial, Mental and Social are 2.85, 0.772

and 1.79 respectively, likewise the obtained p-values are 0.066, 0.466 and 0.175

which all are greater than the 0.05 level of significance. These results led to

failure to reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is a not significant difference

in the assessment of the respondents when grouped according to family

Membership.

4. Program for Batangueno Families Facing Pandemic Situation

Table 12

Objective Program or Persons Involved Time Frame

Activities

To start their own Family  Barangay Officials  Afternoon

business, and Program (1:00 P.M.-

 Guest Speaker
suggest ways (Mindset) 4:00 P.M.)
 Residents of
how to improve
 Monthly
Barangay San
their social life
Andres
with the use of

our technology

To have an Tulong  Barangay Officals  Afternoon

37
organization that Laban (11:00 A.M. -

will provide 1:00 P.M.)

COVID-19  Catering Service
financial support
 Yearly
(Charity)  Families from
to the families
Barangay San

Andres

To teach them to Handicrafts  Barangay Officials  Afternoon

do Handicrafts (3:00 P.M. -

(Tutorial)  Residents of
5:00 P.M.)
Barangay San

Andres  Monthly

38
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions, and

recommendations that had been discovered by the researchers based on the

data gathered.

Summary

The study aimed to determine the coping mechanism of the Batangueno

family during COVID-19 pandemic.

Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions:

1. What is the personal profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Sex;

1.3 Employment; and

1.4 Family Structure?

2. How are the coping mechanisms of Batangueño families in terms of:

39
 2.1 Financial;

2.2 Mental; and

2.3 Social?

3. Is there a significant difference on respondents’ coping mechanisms when

grouped according to profile?

4. What family program can be proposed to help the respondents cope up with

their situations?

Hypothesis of the Study

H0: There is no significant difference on the respondents’ coping

mechanisms when grouped according to profile.

Findings

The following findings were drawn based on the result of this study.

1. Profile of the Respondents.

1.1 Age. Most of the ages of the respondents range from 18 years old to 26

years old with the percentage of 50.8% and a frequency of 33. Followed by 36

years old to 44 years old and 45 years old to 53 years old with a percentage of

16.9% and a frequency of 11. Next, 27 years old to 35 years old with a

percentage of 10.8 percent and a frequency of 7. Lastly, the ages of 54 years old

to 62 years old with a percentage of 4.6% with a frequency of 3.

1.2 Sex. There were 31 male respondents with a percentage of 47.7%

and 34 female respondents with a percentage of 52.3%.

40
 1.3 Employment. Based on the results, mostly of the respondents are

unemployed which has a frequency of 36 that is equivalent to 55.4%. On the

other hand least of our respondents are OFW which has a frequency of 3 that is

equivalent to 4.6%.

1.4 Family Membership. The results showed that 48 or 73.8 percent of

the respondents belonged to the nuclear family while 16 of them or 24.6 percent

belonged to Joint Family. Meanwhile, one of the respondent or 1.5 percent

belonged to extended family.

2. Coping Strategies of Batangueno Families

2.1Financial.Based on the table, respondents strongly agreed that they

only buy things that are essential like basic needs. This obtained a weighted

mean of 3.34 while the 3.05 weighted mean revealed that they have a plan of

action for any financial emergency in case of illness and the like with a verbal

interpretation of agree. Likewise, they agreed that they pay their bills on time with

a weighted mean of 3.02.

On the other hand, respondents agreed that they create extra sources of

income with a weighted mean of 2.66. They managed to still buy things that they

want got a weighted mean of 2.62 with a verbal interpretation of agree. Least in

the rank showed that they agreed that expenses have exceeded my budget with

a weighted mean of 2.54.

2.2 Mental. Based on the table, respondents agreed that they engage to

relaxing activities that can help me cope with stress like sitting in nature, listening

41
to soft music and other calming techniques. It obtained a highest weighted mean

of 3.20 same with spending time with their family to reduce stress followed by

3.05 weighted mean wherein they agreed that they surround themselves with

open minded persons so that they can have the right mindset.

On the other hand, they agree that they have a complete 8 hours of sleep

and limit the use of social media to avoid the risk of mental illnesses like anxiety,

depression, sleep problems, and many more. It obtained a weighted mean of

2.55. They disagree that they use their time to read books with a weighted mean

of 2.34.

2.3 Social. It showed that respondents strongly agree that their family is

encouraging them to always pray to God to overcome the situation. This got the

highest weighted mea of 3.38 followed by 3.31 weighted mean wherein they

initiate interactions with friends and family. They agree that they always listen to

the advices of their friends and relatives to gain more motivation to face the

situation. It obtained a weighted mean of 3.22.

On the other hand, they agree that they are seeking out activities with their

family to avoid stress with a weighted mean of 2.94. A weighted mean of 2.82

revealed that they join groups or take classes that interest them (religious

groups, civic groups, service groups, hobby groups, exercise groups, etc.). Least

in the rank was a weighted mean of 2.68 showing that they agree that their family

holds an open forum/ talk to understand more the situation and doing

recreational.

42
3. The results showed that there is no significant difference on the coping

mechanism of Batangueno Families in terms of financial, mental and social when

grouped according to their age, sex, employment and family membership.

4. The researchers proposed a program such as a seminar or a charity, tutorials,

and free consultations that may help the residents of Barangay San Andres to

improve or change their coping strategies when facing COVID-19. It may also

help the residents of Barangay San Andres to reduce the financial, social and

mental complications. With the help of the said proposed programs, the residents

will know what they should do in the pandemic situation such as COVID-19.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusion was made.

1. Most of the respondents’ age were from 18 to 26 years old, female, not

employed and majority of them are dependent family member.

2. For the financial aspect of coping mechanisms, the families from

Barangay San Andres, Bauan agreed that they can still manage their

finances while for the mental aspect, the respondents also agreed that

their mental status in this time of pandemic is still in a good condition and

they have an idea on how to cope up to this situation. For the social

aspect, the respondents agreed that they still have time to talk with their

family and has a good communication/interaction with each other.

3. There is no significant difference on the respondents’ coping strategies in

terms of financial, mental and social when grouped according to age, sex,

employment and family membership.

43
 4. The researchers proposed a program such as a seminar or a charity,

tutorials, and free consultations that may help the residents of Barangay

San Andres to improve or change their coping strategies when facing

COVID-19. It may also help the residents of Barangay San Andres to

reduce the financial, social and mental complications. With the help of the

said proposed programs, the residents will know what they should do in

the pandemic situation such as COVID-19.

Recommendations

From the findings and conclusions of the study, the following

recommendations were offered:

1. For Batangueno households, they may utilize this study to help them

recognize the other doable coping mechanism that they can apply to their

daily lives to ease their current situation.

2. The Batagueno families may carry out the proposed activities that is

included in the study to help them be motivated in handling their situations in

this time of pandemic.

3. NGO's and other organizations may assist the researchers in the execution

of their proposed programs. This will make it more financially welcoming to

the family or person/s who are currently experiencing the financial crisis.

4. Future researchers may use this study for their reference as well as part of

their related studies and conduct more research about the Coping Mechanism

of Batangueno families during COVID-19.

44
Bibliography

45
 Bibliography

Aggarwal, D. Y. (2008). Course Hero. Retrieved from Course Hero:

https://www.coursehero.com/file/p541n35/According-to-Dr-YP-Aggarwal-

2008-descriptive-research-is-devoted-to-the/

d'Annunzio, G. (2020, Aug 3). Retrieved from NCIB:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7397939/?

fbclid=IwAR3gb_D2S1xmRPM_sS9QKmB8MqjWImh4MKhSZwRvIyOklm

DH9ZP7pxiA3o

Friedline, T., Chen, Z., & Morrow, S. (2020, July 15). Retrieved from

SpringerLink: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10834-020-09694-

GoodTheraphy. (2018, September 26). Retrieved from GoodTherapy:

https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/psychpedia/coping-mechanisms

Hotopf, M., Bullmore, E., O'Connor, R. C., & Holmes, E. A. (2020, Jun 4).

Retrieved from NCIB:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7330278/

46
Lazarus, & Folkman. (n.d.). Home/Resilience and Coping. Retrieved from

PositivePsychology: https://positivepsychology.com/coping-theory/

Martin. (2019). Retrieved from NCBI:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6857396/

MentalHealth. (2020, May 28). Retrieved from mentalhealth:

https://www.mentalhealth.gov/basics/what-is-mental-health

oiirj. (2018, Jan). Retrieved from oiirj.

Organization, W. H. (2020, July 31). Retrieved from Frontiersin:

https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/13638/coronavirus-disease-

covid-19-the-impact-and-role-of-mass-media-during-the-pandemic#articles

Organization, W. H. (2020). Home/Health topic/ Corona virus. Retrieved from

Word Health Organization (WHO):

https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1

Thacker, S. B. (2020, March 19). Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention:

https://www.cdc.gov/library/researchguides/2019novelcoronavirus/researc

harticles.html

Umucu, E., & Lee, B. (2020, May). Home/Public Health/ Covid-19. Retrieved

from Research gate:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341394925_Examining_the_imp

47
 act_of_COVID-

19_on_stress_and_coping_strategies_in_individuals_with_disabilities_and

_chronic_conditions

Valentic, S. (2020, March 12). Retrieved from EHS:

https://www.ehstoday.com/health/media-gallery/21126031/8-quotes-from-

the-world-health-organizations-covid19-media

Villasenor, P. (n.d.). Retrieved from pubdocs:

https://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/285491571864192787/Villaseno-The-

different-ways-that-teachers-can-influence-the-socio-emotional-dev-of-

students.pdf

Yazon, A. D., Ang-Manaig, K., & Teroso, J. B. (2017). Retrieved from Knowledge

E: https://knepublishing.com/index.php/KnE-Social/article/view/2372/5224

48
APPENDICES

49
 APPENDIX A

STATISTICAL TREATMENT AND COMPUTATIONS

50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
 APPENDIX B

Questionnaire

Good day! We, the students of GAS 12 in Sta. Teresa College, are
conducting a research study about the Coping Mechanisms of the Families in
San Andres, Bauan, BatangasAmidst Covid-19 Pandemic. Kindly help us by
answering this questionnaire as we are going to use it for our data or additional
information to our study. Your answers are essential and will help us a lot. Your
responses will be confidential and will not be identified by individual. All
responses will be compiled together and analyzed as a group. Thank you for
your cooperation!

Name (Optional):______________________________

Please put a check () on the box before the answer of your choice.

A. Profile of the Respondents

1.1. Age
18 - 26 years old 45 - 53 years old
27 - 35 years old 54 - 62 years old
36 - 44 years old 63 years old and above
45 - 53 years old
1.2. Sex
Male Female
1.3. Employment
 Government
 Private company
 OFW
 Self-employed
 Unemployed

1.4 Family Membership (in relation to the head of the family)

 Head of the family (bread winner)
 Spouse
 Children
 Parents/In-laws

59
2. Coping Mechanism in terms of Financial, Social and Mental status.
Please rate the following statements pertaining to your ability to cope on these
aspects during this time of pandemic. Use the following scale.

4 - Always 3 - Often 2 - Sometimes 1 - Never

2.1. Coping Mechanism in terms of Financial Status 4 3 2 1

1. I have a plan of action for any financial emergency in

case of illness and the like.
2. I have maintained a good amount of savings.

3. My expenses have exceeded my budget

4. I have paid my bills on time.

5. I managed to still buy things that I want.

6. I only buy things that are essential like basic needs.

7. I take inventory of my finances

8. I create a monthly budget

9. I create extra sources of income

10. I take control of my finances by setting aside some

time to schedule, organize, and declutter all of the
money coming in and out of my bank account.

60
2.2. Coping Mechanism in terms of Mental Status 4 3 2 1

1. I have a complete 8 hours of sleep.

2. I am seeking external support instead of self-isolating
and internalizing the effects of stress
3. I spend time with my family to reduce stress.
4. I engage to relaxing activities that can help me cope
with stress like sitting in nature, listening to soft music
and other calming techniques
5. I limit the use of social media to avoid the risk of
mental illnesses like anxiety, depression, sleep
problems, and many more.
6. I do some physical activities like running, yoga,
swimming, walking, dance, team sports, and other types
of physical activity.
7. Me and my family are watching comedy shows to
reduce the stress.
8. I meditate to relax my mind.

9. I surround myself with open minded persons so that I

can have the right mindset.
10. I use my time to read books.

61
2.3. Coping Mechanism in terms of Social Status 4 3 2 1
1.Our family have allotted time to talk to each other.
2.I am always listening to the advices of my friends
and relatives to gain more motivation to face the
situation.
3. Our family is motivating each other to be strong and
have courage to the situation.
4. Our family holds an open forum/ talk to understand
more the situation and doing recreational.
5. My family is encouraging me to always pray to God
to overcome the situation.
6. I am trying to comfort and understand my family in
this time of pandemic.
7. I am doing some altruistic acts (helping others or
doing good deeds without focusing on recognition or
reward)
8. I am seeking out activities with my family to avoid
stress.
9. I join groups or take classes that interest me
(religious groups, civic groups, service groups, hobby
groups, exercise groups, etc.)

10. I initiate interactions with friends and family.

62
 APPENDIX C

LETTERS

February 7, 2021

Mrs. Aileen I. Fayusal

Sta. Teresa College
Bauan, Batangas 

Dear Ma’am Fayusal :

Greetings of peace!

We the Grade 12 – GAS students of Sta. Teresa College, are currently

conducting a research study entitled, “Coping Mechanisms of the Families in
San Andres, Bauan, Batangas Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic” as part of our
requirements in Practical Research 2. This study aims to find out the coping
mechanism of Batangueno families in this time of pandemic. With your expertise
in the field of Research and Mathematics, the researchers are humbly asking
your assistance to validate our questionnaire.
We are hoping for your favourable consideration and support in accomplishing
this research.
Thank you very much!
God Bless!

Respectfully yours,
Vonn Brian Rosales
Dan Clementson Dolor
Kyle Blue Torres
Researchers

Noted:

Ms. Leila Lagmay

Teacher, Practical Research

63
February 7, 2021

Mrs. Marianne Oyong

Sta. Teresa College
Bauan, Batangas 

Dear Ma’am Oyong:

Greetings of peace!

We the Grade 12 – GAS students of Sta. Teresa College, are currently

conducting a research study entitled, “Coping Mechanisms of the Families in
San Andres, Bauan, Batangas Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic” as part  of our
requirements in Practical Research 2. This study aims to find out the coping
mechanism of Batangueno families in this time of pandemic. With your expertise
in the field of Research and Mathematics, the researchers are humbly asking
your assistance to validate our questionnaire.
We are hoping for your favorable consideration and support in accomplishing this
research.
Thank you very much!
God Bless!

Respectfully yours,
Vonn Brian Rosales

Dan Clementson Dolor

Kyle Blue Torres

Researchers

Noted:

Ms. Leila Lagmay

Teacher, Practical Research

64
February 7, 2021

Mrs. Princess Sarah G. Ombao

Sta. Teresa College
Bauan, Batangas 

Dear Ma’am Ombao:

Greetings of peace!

We the Grade 12 – GAS students of Sta. Teresa College, are currently

conducting a research study entitled, “Coping Mechanisms of the Families in
San Andres, Bauan, Batangas Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic” as part of our
requirements in Practical Research 2. This study aims to find out the coping
mechanism of Batangueno families in this time of pandemic. With your expertise
in the field of Research, the researchers are humbly asking your assistance to
validate our questionnaire.
We are hoping for your favorable consideration and support in accomplishing this
research.
Thank you very much!
God Bless!

Respectfully yours,
Vonn Brian Rosales

Dan Clementson Dolor

Kyle Blue Torres

Researchers

Noted:

Ms. Leila Lagmay

Teacher, Practical Research

65
February 7, 2021

Mrs. Chona D. Bunquin

Sta. Teresa College
Bauan, Batangas 

Dear Ma’am Bunquin:

Greetings of peace!

We the Grade 12 – GAS students of Sta. Teresa College, are currently

conducting a research study entitled, “Coping Mechanisms of the Families in
San Andres, Bauan, Batangas Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic” as part of our
requirements in Practical Research 2. This study aims to find out the coping
mechanism of Batangueno families in this time of pandemic. With your expertise
in the field of Research and Mathematics, the researchers are humbly asking
your assistance to validate our questionnaire.
We are hoping for your favourable consideration and support in accomplishing
this research.
Thank you very much!
God Bless!

Respectfully yours,
Vonn Brian Rosales

Dan Clementson Dolor

Kyle Blue Torres

Researchers

Noted:

Ms. Leila Lagmay

Teacher, Practical Research

66
 APPENDIX D

Certificate of Statistician

This is to certify that the undersigned went through all the gathered

information of the research paper entitled “Coping Mechanisms of the Families

in San Andres, Bauan, Batangas Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic” by Dan

Clementson L. Dolor, Vonn Brian P. Rosales, and Kyle Blue G. Torres, treated

statistically the data and provided correct and appropriate results for the

research.

Signed this _________ of __________ in the year of 2020 at Sta. Teresa

College, Bauan, Batangas.

Signed:

___________________________________
Mrs. AILEEN I. FAYUSAL
Statistician

______________
Date

67
 APPENDIX E

Certificate of Grammarian

This is to certify that the undersigned went through all the gathered

information of the research paper entitled “Coping Mechanisms of the Families

in San Andres, Bauan, Batangas Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic” by Dan

Clementson L. Dolor, Vonn Brian P. Rosales, and Kyle Blue G. Torres, aligned

with the set of structural rules that govern the composition of sentences, phrases

and words in the English language.

Signed this _________ of __________ in the year of 2020 at Sta. Teresa

College, Bauan, Batangas.

Signed:

___________________________________
Ms. PRINCES SARAH G. OMBAO
Grammarian

______________
Date

68
CURRICULUM
VITAE

69
PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Name : Vonn Brian P. Rosales

Nickname : Vonn

Date of Birth : April 12, 2003

Address : Natunuan South, San Pascual,

Batangas

Civil Status : Single

Gender : Male

E-mail Address : [email protected]

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholic

Language : Filipino, English

Father’s Name : Ramil B. Rosales

Mother’s Name : Marites P. Rosales

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary : Sta. Teresa College

Elementary : Natunuan South, Elementary School

Strand : General Academic Strand

70
PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Name : Kyle Blue G. Torres

Nickname : Blue

Date of Birth : March 20, 2003

Address : Sambat, San Pascual, Batangas

Civil Status : Single

Gender : Male

E-mail Address : [email protected]

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholic

Language : Filipino, English

Father’s Name : Marco Paolo O. Torres

Mother’s Name : Wanda G. Torres

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary : Sta. Teresa College

Elementary : Elite International School

Strand : General Academic Strand

71
PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Name : Dan Clementson L. Dolor

Nickname : Dan

Date of Birth : January 5, 2003

Address : Solo, Mabini, Batangas

Civil Status : Single

Gender : Male

E-mail Address : [email protected]

Citizenship : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholic

Language : Filipino, English

Father’s Name : Renato B. Dolor

Mother’s Name : CarmelitaL. Dolor

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary : Mabini National High School / Sta. Teresa College

Elementary : Solo, Elementary School

Strand : General Academic Strand

72