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Quantitative Research Designs

The document discusses quantitative research design and methods. It describes experimental design which involves a treatment group and control group, with pre-tests and post-tests to measure the effects of treatment. Non-experimental design does not involve manipulating variables. True experiments use random selection while quasi-experiments use purposive selection, making them prone to bias. Quasi-experiments include matched comparison, time-series, and counter-balanced designs. Non-experimental research can be descriptive, comparative, correlative, survey, or ex post facto. Both experimental and quasi-experimental designs involve formulating hypotheses, choosing instruments, selecting subjects, performing experiments, and analyzing data.

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327 views

Quantitative Research Designs

The document discusses quantitative research design and methods. It describes experimental design which involves a treatment group and control group, with pre-tests and post-tests to measure the effects of treatment. Non-experimental design does not involve manipulating variables. True experiments use random selection while quasi-experiments use purposive selection, making them prone to bias. Quasi-experiments include matched comparison, time-series, and counter-balanced designs. Non-experimental research can be descriptive, comparative, correlative, survey, or ex post facto. Both experimental and quasi-experimental designs involve formulating hypotheses, choosing instruments, selecting subjects, performing experiments, and analyzing data.

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vox shawty
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© © All Rights Reserved
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According to Baraceros, 2019:

“Quantitative research involves a great deal of abstraction and scientific or logical thinking. By
means of your research design, you are able to make these aspects of your research clear: your
methods or techniques in finding answers to your research questions and in collecting data.”

“Preparing the design of your research work takes place after finalizing these major aspects of
your research: research topic, background of the study, research questions, hypotheses, and
research strategy like: case study, experimentation, survey, and action research, among others,
that would introduce you to the different data-collecting techniques of interview, observation,
and questionnaire.”

Types of Quantitative Research Design

EXPERIMENTAL is a quantitative research design that bases its research method on a scientific
activity called experiment, in which a test or examination of a thing under a manipulated or
controlled environment is done to determine the validity or truthfulness of such thing.

This design involves two groups of subjects:

1) the experimental group on which the condition, treatment, or intervention is applied

2) the control group that is not given any treatment or condition

Following this experimental design, you conduct two kinds of tests:

1) pre-test for both groups and

2) post-test for the experimental or treatment group to see the difference between them based on
the effects of the treatment or condition,

NON-EXPERIMENTAL is a quantitative research design that is capable of giving qualitative


and quantitative data, but more on qualitative data; hence, this is often used in the field of social
sciences.

Unlike the experimental design that allows manipulation or control of some aspects of the
research, non-experimental research design shuns controlling variables. Instead, it involves
variables the way they naturally exist on earth.

Types of Experimental Research

a. True Experimental Design - uses random selection of participants, a bias-free selection that
ensures objectivity of results.

b. Quasi-experimental Design - (pronounced as kwahz-eye) means partly, partially, pseudo, or


almost. Uses purposive selection of respondents, which means a research with the capacity to
yield findings that are seemingly or more or less true. Prone to bias caused by purposive
sampling, quasi-experimental design is incapable of establishing cause-effect relationships.
Trying to approximate or to be like the true experimental design, this research design comes in
different types such as the following:

• Matched comparison group design. In this quasi-experimental design, instead of selecting


participants for the control group, you get a set of participants that shows close similarities with
the experimental or treatment group based on one or more important variables.

• Time-series quasi-experimental design. Your act of controlling the variables in this case
is through multiple observations of the subjects before and after the treatment or condition
applied to the experimental group. The purpose of serial observations is to see the connection
between the pre-test and the post-test based on the taking place of the treatment or condition.

• Counter-balanced quasi-experimental design. Control is applied to one group to examine


the effects of all treatment and conditions to control variables. For instance, negative results
coming from three-time observations are counterbalanced or given weight that is equated with
positive results from four- or five-time observations.

• Single-subject quasi-experimental design. This design is used when the population is so


large that you find difficulty in choosing a group to study. So, you decide to apply the condition
or treatment to a single subject like a class of learners then later find out the effects of the
treatment on the entire class.

Types of Non-experimental Research

1. Descriptive – depicts an image or a picture of an individual or a group

2. Comparative – states the differences or similarities between or among people, things, objects,
etc.

3. Correlative – shows the extent and direction of variable relationships, that is, whether a
negative or positive relationship exists between or among them

4. Survey – describes the attitudes, preferences, views, feelings, views, and other behavioral
patterns of a big number of people for arriving at a certain conclusion about societal concerns
and issues

5. Ex Post Facto – translates itself into these English words, “that which is done afterwards” and
has the purpose of deriving data from things that are by nature taking place,so as to obtain
explanations about past events

Experimental Research Design Stages


The true experimental and quasi-experimental designs follow the same stages in research
designing.

1. Clear knowledge of the research objectives that enable you to decide not only on the kind of
research you have to do, but also on the manner you have to follow in conducting the research.

2. Formulation of hypotheses to state your guesses of what may not be true (null hypotheses) or
may be true (alternative hypotheses) about the results.

3. Method of testing your hypotheses or of examining their validity like deciding whether you
have to follow the experimental design or the quasiexperimental design.

4. Choice of which instrument to use in collecting data; that is, whether to use interview,
observation, or questionnaire.

5. Process of selecting the subjects to compose the control group and the experimental group.

6. Performance of experimentation that allows control of the cropping up of extraneous variables


and of the experimenter’s bias.

7. Collection and analysis of data

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