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Research Chapter 1

The document discusses probability distributions for discrete random variables. It provides examples of constructing probability distributions for tossing two coins and recording the number of customers at an office canteen over a week. A discrete probability distribution consists of the possible values a random variable can take and the associated probabilities, which must be between 0 and 1 and sum to 1. Graphs of the distributions are shown as histograms with the values on the x-axis and probabilities on the y-axis.

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Drea Theana
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27 views3 pages

Research Chapter 1

The document discusses probability distributions for discrete random variables. It provides examples of constructing probability distributions for tossing two coins and recording the number of customers at an office canteen over a week. A discrete probability distribution consists of the possible values a random variable can take and the associated probabilities, which must be between 0 and 1 and sum to 1. Graphs of the distributions are shown as histograms with the values on the x-axis and probabilities on the y-axis.

Uploaded by

Drea Theana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 2: RESEARCH/STATISTIC 10

CHAPTER 1: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FOR A DISCRETE RANDOM


VARIABLE
Lesson Objectives:
 finds the possible values of a random variable
 illustrates a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and
its properties
 computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variable

Probability Distribution for a Discrete Random Variable


 Consists of the values that the variable can assume and the
probabilities associated with the values.
 Can be presented by using graph, table, or notation formula.
 A discrete probability distribution, 𝑃𝑟(𝑥), must satisfy both of these
requirements:
o 0 ≤ Pr⁡(𝑥) ≤ 1. This means that the probability of each of the
events in the sample space must be from 0 to 1.
o ∑ Pr(𝑥 ) = 1. This means that the sum of the probabilities of all the
events must be equal to 1.

Example 1:
Construct a probability for tossing 2 coins.
Solution:

Sample Space (T for tail, H for head): TT, TH, HT, and HH
Event Outcome No. of Heads (x) Probability Pr(x)
1
1 TT 0
4
1
2 TH 1
4
1
3 HT 1
4
1
4 HH 2
4
∑ Pr(𝑥 ) = 1
1 2 1
Pr(0) = , Pr(1) = , Pr(2) =
4 4 4

Research/Stat 10|Chapter 1 Page 1|3


MODULE 2: RESEARCH/STATISTIC 10

The histogram of the probability distribution is shown below:


0.60

0.50

0.40
Probability Pr(x)

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00
0 1 2
Number of Heads (x)

Example 2:

On a certain 6-day period, an office canteen kept records of the


number of customers it served each day from Monday to Saturday. The
number of customers was represented by x as follows:
Day No. of Customers (x)
Monday 483
Tuesday 651
Wednesday 495
Thursday 567
Friday 690
Saturday 265

Construct a probability distribution and prepare a graph for the


number of customers of the office canteen for the 6-day period.
Solution:
Day No. of Customers (x) Probability Pr(x)
Monday 483 0.15
Tuesday 651 0.21
Wednesday 495 0.16
Thursday 567 0.18
Friday 690 0.22
Saturday 265 0.08
Total 3151 1.00

Research/Stat 10|Chapter 1 Page 2|3


MODULE 2: RESEARCH/STATISTIC 10

Pr(x) was obtained by dividing the number of customers of that day by


the total number of customers for the entire week.
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟⁡𝑜𝑓⁡𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
Pr(𝑥 ) =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙⁡𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟⁡𝑜𝑓⁡𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

The histogram of the probability distribution is shown below:


0.25
0.22
0.21
0.2
0.18
0.16
Probability Pr(x)

0.15
0.15

0.1
0.08

0.05

0
Monday (483) Tuesday (651) Wednesday Thursday Friday (690) Saturday
(495) (567) (265)
Number of Customers (x)

Research/Stat 10|Chapter 1 Page 3|3

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