WML by Mary Lee, Doug Kondor, Thu Nguyen

Agenda
MARY LEE Introduction History Security Issue THU NGUYEN Design Syntax DOUG KONDOR Examples Requirements Pros and Cons Limitations Future
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Introduction to WML

History of WML
In 1995, Ericcson developed a protocol that offered value added services to wireless networks and applications. Several other companies soon followed. The two major players were Nokia and Phone.com among the frenzy of other companies. The WAP Forum was formed and release WML 1.0 in 1997. A combination of: Phone.com's Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML). Ericcson's Intelligent Terminal Transfer Protocol (ITTP). Nokia's Tagged Text Markup Language (TTML)
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. Used to create document for WAP enabled device.

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) allows you to write short programs for mobile phones and other small hand-held devices. Similar to HTML and XML.

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Evolution of WML
WML was preceded by HDML. HDML borrowed heavily from HTML. It then evolved into the XMLcompliant application we know as WML. WML has yet to penetrate the market in an established way.

HTML via Internet

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Security Issues
The four concerns that must be addressed: Privacy: ensures that only the sender and the intended recipient can read the encrypted message. Integrity: ensures the detection of any content changes of a message between the time it is sent and the time it is received. Authentication: ensures that all parties in a communication are who they claim to be. Non-repudiation: guarantee that a party cannot falsely claim that they did not participate in that transaction. A combination of the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol, digital certificates, username-password and digital signatures ensure the above.

Security Issues (con't)

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Agenda
MARY LEE Introduction History Security Issue THU NGUYEN Design Syntax DOUG KONDOR Examples Requirements Pros and Cons Limitations Future

The Design of WML

Units of user interactions. A deck-and-card metaphor. Collects data within a deck-of cards. Each card can:
Display text images. Control input. Perform actions.

And the cards are switch from one to another.

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A Brief Example of Deck-of-Cards

Syntax of WML
<element attribute=value> content </element> Case-sensitive All tags are lowercase, must be closed and properly nested. If an element has no data, a tag appended with a / character is need. Eg: <br/> Comments can be <!-- comments -- > The value must be quoted. . A valid WML document must correspond to this DTD or it cannot be processed. http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml

head element and meta information about the document <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC -//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml"> A deck and a card which asks the user input and display it on the screen. <wml> <! a deck -- > <card id="Hello" title="Hello"> <p> What is your name? <input format="*M" name="name title="Name"/> <br/> Hi, $(name) </p> </card> </wml>
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Like JavaScript interact with HTML, WMLScript is used with WML to provide intelligence and advanced UI (User Interface) functions to the client.
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WML ELEMENTS
Deck and Card elements Wml: defines a deck and encloses all card information. Card: contains text and elements in an individual card. Event elements Do: mechanisms for performing actions within a card.

Agenda
MARY LEE Introduction History Security Issue THU NGUYEN Design Syntax DOUG KONDOR Examples Requirements Pros and Cons Limitations Future
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WML ATTRIBUTES
Ontimer: events occurs when a timer expires. Onpick: occurs when user select or deselect option. Ex: <card id = card1 ontimer= #card2 title=WMLEx> <timer value = 50/> <! -- move from card1 to card2 in 5s-- >.

WML tags
. . . Go: navigates to a URL. Prev: navigates to a previous URL. Ex: <go href="#Results"/> <! go to a card or a servlet -- > Ex: <go href=http://thu/servlet/login?f=$(name)#38/> Setvar: Element used to set a variable. Ex: <setvar name = location value=$(X) /> Ex: $(identifier) is used to display/call the variable
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WML variables
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BUILDING A WML DOCUMENT

Listing 1 - WMLExample.wml It is an error to omit the following lines: <?xml version='1.0'?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml"> A deck and 3 cards: Login, Password, and Result <wml> <card id="Login" title="Login"> <do type="accept" label="Password"> <go href="#Password"/> </do> <p>UserName: <select name="name" title="Name:"> <option value="John Doe">John Doe</option> <option value="Paul Smith">Paul Smith</option> </select> </p> </card>

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BUILDING A WML DOCUMENT (CONT)

<card id="Password" title="Password:"> <do type="accept label="Results"> <go href="#Results"/> </do> <p>Password: <input type="text" name="password"/> </p> </card>

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BUILDING A WML DOCUMENT(CONT)

<card id="Results title="Results:"> <p> You entered:<br/> Name: $(name)<br/> Password: $(password)<br/> </p> </card> </wml>

BUILDING A WML DOCUMENT(CONT)

For running the WML document. You must register the proper MIME types with your Web server so that WML content can be properly sent. The two MIME types that should be registered are: text/vnd.wap.wml .wml text/vnd.wap.wmlscript .wmls If youd like to use Wireless Bitmap images (the image format supported by WAP), also add: image/vnd.wap.wbmp .wbmp

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REQUIREMENT
All you need is a WAP-Browser

PROS AND CONS

Pro WML is a compressed version of HTML Optimized for long latency Optimized for low bandwidth Operate over a wide variety of wireless transports (cell phones PDAs .) Scalable from a two-line text display to a full graphic screen. Network standard independent

. Con Possible security breaches Limited size per card aprox 1400 bytes

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LIMITATIONS
No card can be larger then 14000 bytes Small screen size (cell phones) Limited bandwidth- transferring data from phones is inherently slow Unreliability- Wireless devices by nature are unreliable

FUTURE
WML will be replaced by another language (Thats Bad) WML-coded pages will still be able to be displayed (Thats Good) i.e. backwards compatible Moving towards XHTML

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USEFULL REFERENCES
WML Tag Reference http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/channels/refview.phtml?cat=wmlta gs WMLScript Reference http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/channels/coderef.phtml?catid=5 Ask The Expert: WAP, WML, WMLScript http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/channels/wap/expert/ WML Tools http://pwot.co.uk/wml/ WML Example http://www.zvon.org/xxl/WMLTutorial/Output/introduction.html http://www.webreference.com/js/column61/ WML Language References http://developer.openwave.com/htmldoc/41/wmlref/ WML Writer V2.1 (WML Editor) http://inin-wap.avalon.hr/zdravko/wmlwrite.htm WAP browser Example http://www.ccwap.com/wap_express.htm

References for this presentation

We used the codes and the ideas from the following web sites: http://www.wise-women.org/tutorials/wml/ http://www.w3schools.com/wmlscript/wmlscript_howto.asp http://www.devshed.com/Client_Side/WML/DemystifyingWM Lscript/DemystifyingWMLscript1/page5.html http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/channels/wap/training/wml. html http://www.ccwap.com/wap_express.htm http://www.wise-women.org/tutorials/wml/ http://www.luminant.com/luminant.nsf/website/WP_WML_la test/$file/WP_WML_latest.pdf

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