2.

Sentence গঠন  অনুসারে ৩ প্রকার ।              

Rule 1:
Simple=Verb+ing
Compund=and
Complex=when/as/since
Example:
Simple: Working hard, the boy made a good result.
Compund: The boy worked hard and he made a good result.
Complex: Since the boy worked hard, he made a good result.
Rule 2:
Simple=In spite of possessive+v+ing
Compund=But
Complex=Though/Although
Example:
Simple:  In spite of his trying heart and soul he could not succeed in life.
Compund: He tried heart and soul but he could not succeed in life.
Complex: Though he tried heart and soul, he could not succeed in life.
Rule 3:
Simple=By+ing
Compund=Imperative sentence+and
Complex=If Clause positive
Example:
Simple: By working hard, you will succeed in life.
Compund: Work hard and you will succeed in life.
Complex: If you work hard, you will succeed in life.
Rule 4:
Simple=Without+ing
Compund= Imperative sentence+or
Complex=If Clause negative
Example:
Simple: Without working hard, you will not succeed in life.
Compund: Work hard or  you will not succeed in life.
Complex: Unless you work hard, you will not succeed in life.
Rule 5:
Simple=Principal clause +Too-to+verb
Compund=very/much...and
Complex=So...That
Example:
Simple:  The boy is too foolish to understand it.
Compund: The boy is very foolish that he cannot understand it.
Complex: The boy is so foolish that he cannot understand it.
Rule 6:
Simple=Principal clause +to+verb
Compund=and
Complex=Sothat/In order that
Example:
Simple:  He works hard to prosper in life.
Compund: He works hard and he may prosper in life.
Complex: He works hard so that he may prosper in life.
Rule 7:
Simple=Principal clause +adjective+Noun
Compund=and
Complex=Relative Pronoun (Who,Which,That)
Example:
Simple: I know the poor man
Compund: I  know the man and he is poor
Complex: I know the man who is poor.
COMPOUND TO COMPLEX
Rule-1: And যুক্ত Compound Sentence-এর একটি Clause যদি অপরটির কারন বা
সময় নির্দে শ করে, তবে উক্ত Compound Sentence টিকে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Since/as/when + 1st sentence + and পরিবর্তে (,) + 2nd sentence.
Example:
Compound: He came to me and I felt tired.
Complex: When he came to me, I felt tired.
Rule-2: But যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Although/though + 1st sentence + but এর পরিবর্তে (,) + বাকি sentence.
Example:
Compound: The boy tried hard but could not win the match.
Complex: Though the boy tried hard hard, he could not win the match.
Rule-3: Or যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: If + Sub + do not + 1st Clause + or এর পরিবর্তে (,) + sub + will + or এর
পরবর্তী অংশ।
Example:
Compound: Do or die.
Complex: If you do not do, you will die.
Rule-4: And দ্বারা যুক্ত cause and effect নির্দে শক compound sentence কে so….
that দ্বারা complex sentence করা হয়।
Example:
Compound: Farhan works very hard and he can shine in life.
Complex: Farhan works so hard that he can shine in life.
Rule-5: And দ্বারা যুক্ত উদ্দেশমুলক compound sentence কে so that দ্বারা complex
sentence করা হয় ।
Example:
Compound: We take balance diet and we can keep good health.
Complex: We take balance diet so that we can keep good health.
SIMPLE TO COMPOUND
Rule-1: Present Participle যুক্ত Simple sentence কে compound করার ক্ষেএে -
Structure: 1st sub + main verb + কমার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + (,) এর স্থলে and + sub এর পরের
অংশ।
Example:
Simple: Fishing the work, we went to the playground.
Compound: We finished the work and went to the playground.
Rule-2: Being যুক্ত simple sentence কে compound করার ক্ষেএে
Structure: Sub + Being এর বাকি অংশ যে tense এর থাকে সেই tense ও
person অনুযায়ী to be verb বসে + being এর পরের অংশ + কমা উঠে and + sub বাদে
এর পরের অংশ।
Example:
Simple: Being father, he can not neglect his son.
Compound: He is father and can not neglect his son.
Rule-3: Having যুক্ত বা perfect participle যুক্ত simple sentence কে compound
sentence এ পরিবর্ত ন করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + Tense অনুযায়ী verb ‘to have’ + কমার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + and + sub এর
পরের অংশ ।
Example:
Simple: Having written the letter, I posted it.
Compound: I had written the letter and it.
Rule-4: In spite of/Despite যুক্ত simple sentence কে but দ্বারা compound করতে হয়।
Example:
Simple: In spite of his dishonesty, he was reworded.
Compound: He was dishonest but reworded.
Rule-5: Without + Gerund যুক্ত Simple Sentence যদি শর্ত বুঝাই, তবে ‘or’ যুক্ত করে
compound করতে হয়।
Structure: Without উঠে গিয়ে ing যুক্ত verb এর present form বসবে + কমা এর স্থলে or
+ কমা এর পরের অংশ।
Example:
Simple: Without going, you will die.
Compound: Go or you will die.
Rule-6: By Gerund যুক্ত simple sentence কে and যোগ করে compound করতে হয়।
Structure: By উঠে গিয়ে ing যুক্ত verb এর present form বসবে + কমার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত +
কমা স্থলে and + কমার পরের অংশ।
Example:
Simple: By wasting your time, you can spoil your life.
Compound: Waste your time and you can spoil your life.
Rule-7: Too….to যুক্ত Simple Sentence Compound করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + ‘to be’ verb + too এর পরিবর্তে very + Adjective + and + can
not/could not + to বাদে পরের অংশ।
Example:
Simple: He is too dull to understand it.
Compound: He is very dull and can not understand it.

COMPLEX TO COMPOUND
Rule-1: Since, as, when ইত্যাদি conjunction যুক্ত Complex sentence কে
Compound sentence এ পরিবর্ত ন করার সময় since/as/when তুলে দিতে হয় এবং এর
পর complex sentence কমা তুলে দিয়া সেখানে and বসালেই compound
sentence হয়ে যায়।
Example:
Complex: When i went there, I found him.
Compound: I went there and found him.
Rule-2: Though/although যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Compound
sentence পরিবর্ত ন করতে হলে though/ although তুলে দিতে হয় এবং এর পরে কমা
তুলে দিয়ে সেখানে but বসাতে হয়।
Example:
Complex: Although it rained heavily, he went out without an umbrella.
Compound: It rained heavily but he went out without an umbrella.
Rule-3: Complex sentence যদি If দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং if যুক্ত Clause এ যদি
not থাকে, তবে compound sentence এ পরিবর্ত ন করতে হলে if থেকে not পর্যন্ত অংশ
তুলে দিতে হবে এবং এর পর কমা তুলে দিয়া সেই স্থানে ‘or’ বসালেই compound
sentence হবে।
Example:
Complex: If you do not read, you will fail.
Compound: Read or you will fail.
COMPLEX TO SIMPLE
Rule-1: Since/when/as যুক্ত complex sentence এর দুটি Clause এর subject এর হলে
এবং দুটি Clause এ  principal verb থাকলে নিচের নিয়ম করতে হবে।
Structure: Since/when/as এর প্রথম subject তুলে দিয়ে main verb ing form করতে
হবে + কমা সহ বাকি অংশ।
Example:
Complex: When i went there, I found him absent.
Simple: Going there, I found him absent.
Rule-2: Since/as যুক্ত complex sentence যদি কারন বুঝাই, তাহলে Because of, Due
to, Owing to, On account of ইত্যাদি দিয়ে করতে হয়।
Structure: Because of/ Due to/ Owing to/ On account of + verb + ing অথবা
fog/rough weather/cold + Extension.
Example:
Complex: Since there was fog, he could not go out.
Simple: Due to fog, he could not go out.
Rule-3: If যুক্ত শর্ত মূলক Negative complex sentence কে simple sentence করার
নিয়মঃ
Structure: If থেকে not পর্যন্ত তুলে দিয়ে without বসাতে হবে + verb + ing + কমা সহ
বাকি অংশ ।
Example:
Complex: If you do not come, you will not get the pen.
Simple: Without coming, you will not get the pen.
Rule-4: If যুক্ত Negative Complex Sentence এর দুটি Clause এর subject ভিন্ন হলে
নিম্নরুপ হবে।
Structure: If এর স্থলে without + subject এর possessive form বসে + Auxiliary verb ও
not উঠে যায় + main verb + ing + Extension.
Example:
Complex: If he does not stay at office, I shall not meet him.
Simple: Without his staying at office, I shall not meet him.
Rule-5: ‘So that’ যুক্ত Complex sentence কে simple করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: So that থেকে principal verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত উঠে গিয়ে সে স্থলে to বসে + বাকি
অংশ বসে।
Example:
Complex: People work hard so that they may shine in life.
Simple: People work hard to shine in life.
Rule-6: ‘So …. that’ যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple sentence এ পরিবর্ত ন করার
নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + verb + so এর স্থলে too + adjective/adverb + that থেকে not পর্যন্ত
উঠে যায় + to + Extension.
Example:
Complex: They are so nice that they can not be used just at present.
Simple: They are too nice to be used just at present.
Rule-7: Though/Although যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Simple sentence করার
নিয়মঃ
Structure: Although/though-এর স্থলে In spite of/ Despite বসে + Subject এর
possessive form + being/having + extension.
Example:
Complex: Though he was dishonest, he was set free.
Simple: In spite of his being dishonest, he was set free.
Rule-8: Complex Sentence এ Relative pronoun টি যদি subject কে নির্দে শ করে
সেক্ষেত্রে simple sentence-এ পরিবর্ত নের সময় উক্ত relative pronoun এবং তৎপরবর্তী
verb উঠে যায়।এবং relative pronoun এর পরের adjective-টি subject এর পূর্বে বসে ।
Example:
Complex: The man who is drowning cateachs at a straw.
Simple: A drowning man catches at a straw.
COMPOUND TO SIMPLE
Rule-1: And দ্বারা যুক্ত compound sentence-এর and এর উভয় অংশের subject যদি
এক হয়, তবে একে simple sentence এ পরিবর্ত নের নিয়মঃ
Example:
Compound: He finished the work and return home.
Simple: Finishing the work, he returned home.
Rule-2: And যুক্ত compound sentence এর উভয় অংশের subject যদি একই হয় এবং
প্রথম অংশের sentence টি যদি কারন নির্দে শ করে, সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মে simple করতে
হবে।
Structure: Because of/ Due to/ Owing to/ on account of + 1st sentence এর
subject এর possessive form + main verb + ing/ being/having + but এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত +
কমা + sub + verb + extension.
Example:
Compound: I was ill and I could not attend the meeting.
Simple: Because of my being ill, I could not attend the meeting.
Rule-3: But যুক্ত compound sentence এ যদি but এর পরে subject ও verb না থাকে
তবে, simple sentence পরিবর্ত ন করতে হলে নিচের নিয়মঃ
Structure: In spite of / Despite + Subject এর possessive form + main verb + ing +
being/having + but এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + কমা + subject + verb + extension.
Example:
Compound: He is poor but honest.
Simple: In spite of his being, he is poor.
Rule-4: ‘Or’ যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple sentence এ পরিবর্ত ন করার
নিয়মঃ
Structure: Without + 1st main verb + ing + verb এর পরের অংশ + কমা +  বাকি
অংশ।
Example:
Compound: Move or will die.
Simple: Without moving, you will die.
Rule-5: Not only …. but also যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Besides + not only যুক্ত ব্যকের মূল verb এর সাথে ing + not only উঠে
যাবে + but also এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত + (,) + মূল subject + but also অংশে verb না থাকলে
প্রথম অংশের verb + but এর পরের অংশ।
Example:
Compound: Our teachers not only teach us but also guide us.
Simple: Besides teaching us, our teacher guide us.
Rule-6: And দ্বারা যুক্ত সময় নির্দে শক Compound sentence -কে In, On, At ইত্যাদি
time word দ্বারা simple sentence করা হয়।
Example:
Compound: It was raining and Siam came to me.
Simple: At the time of raining Siam came to me.
Rule-7: And দ্বারা যুক্ত উদ্দেশ্যমুলক compound sentence কে Infinitive দ্বারা simple
sentence করা হয়।
Example:
Compound: He reads attentively and she can do good result.
Simple: He reads attentively to do good result.

Example :
1. Compound: He is poor but he is honest.
   Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
   Simple: In spite of (his) being poor, he is honest
   Or, In spite of (his) poverty, he is honest.
2. Compound: He was terribly unhappy but he did not blame anybody.
   Complex: Although he was terribly unhappy he did not blame anybody.
   Simple: In spite of (his) being terribly unhappy, he did not blame anybody.
   Or, In spite of (his) terrible unhappiness, he did not blame anybody.

3. Compound: The old man has seven children but he lives alone.

    Complex: Though the old man has seven children, he lives alone.
    Simple: In spite of having seven children, the old man lives alone.
Instant Practice :
1. Although the man has vast riches, he wants more.
2. In spite of being healthy, he is lazy.
3. Though she is black, she is beautiful.
4. He ran fast but he could not catch the train.
5. Though the man looks cruel, he is kind.
6. He was sincere but could not succeed.
7. Though Karim was tired, he went to walk.
8. He is weak but he can speak loudly.
9. In spite of intelligence, the girl could not shine in life.
10.I called him but he did not respond.
11.Though he is healthy, he does not work at all.
12.In spite of his working hard, he could not reach his goal.
Rule-2: Or যুক্ত Compound Sentence (Imperative Sentence) কে Unless you/If you
do not…. যুক্ত  (negative), Sub +…. দ্বারা Complex এবং Without (you) + Verb + ing…,
Sub +… দ্বারা Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।
Example :
1. Compound: Study hard or fail.
   Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
   Or, Unless you study hard, you will fail.
   Simple: Without studying hard, you will fail.

2. Compound: Leave this room or I will compel you to do so.

   Complex: If you do not leave this room, I will compel you to do so.
   Or, Unless you leave this room, I will compel you to do so.
   Simple: Without you leaving this room, I will compel you to do so.

3. Compound:Do as I suggest you or you will suffer.

   Complex: If you do not do as I suggest you, you will suffer.
   Or,   Unless you do as I suggest you, you will suffer.
   Simple: Without doing as I suggest you, you will suffer.
Instant Practice :
 1. If you do not work hard, you will not succeed.
2. Without eating a balanced diet, you cannot live well.
3. Have a visa or you cannot go abroad.
4. Unless he reads attentively, he will not do well in the exam.
5. Without being punctual, you cannot prosper in life.
6. Read attentively or you cannot pass the exam.
7. Without walking fast you will be late.
8. If you do not write much, you cannot write well.
9. Walk fast or you cannot catch the train.
10.Unless you leave the place at once, you will be punished.
Rule-3: Verb ….. and যুক্ত Compound Sentence (Imperative Sentence) কে If you
যুক্ত (affirmative), Sub +… দ্বারা Complex এবং By + Verb + ing দ্বারা Simple Sentence
-এ রূপান্তর করা হয়।
Example :
1. Compound: Follow my example and you will feel better.
   Complex: If you follow my example, you will feel better.
   Simple: By following my examples, you will feel better.

2. Compound: Do it and you will be punished.

   Complex: If you do it, you will be punished.
   Simple: By doing it, you will be punished.
Instant Practice :
1. If you practice regularly, you can play well.
2. By taking medicine you will be cured.
3. Drink milk and you can get vitamins.
4. If you work hard, you will be succeeded in life.
5. Read newspaper and you can know about many things.
6. By reading attentively, you can make a good result.
7. Be honest and you will be happy.
8. If you read, you will learn.
9. Take regular exercise and you can be healthy.
Rule-4: Subject একই এবং And দ্বারা যুক্ত Compound Sentence
কে When/As/Since যুক্ত করে Complex এবং Verb + ing …., Sub + …. দ্বারা Simple এ
রূপান্তর করতে হয়।
Example :
1. Compound: We went to his office and we found him absent.
   Complex: When we went to his office, we found him absent.
   Simple: Going to his office, we found him absent.

2. Compound: The thief saw the police and he ran away.

   Complex: As the thief saw the police, he ran away.
   Simple: Seeing the police, the thief ran away.

3. Compound: The students saw the headmaster and they entered the class.
   Complex: Since the students saw the headmaster, they entered the class.
   Simple: Seeing the headmaster, the students entered the class.
Instant Practice :
1. As he was lazy, he could not prosper.
2. Being tired, he refused to go.
3. He received your letter and he was glad.
4. Going home I found my mother asleep.
5. He went home when he completed his work.
6. As I was ill, I could not attend the meeting.
7. Since the water was dirty, I could not drink it.
8. She had heard the news and she cried out in sorrow.
9. Having done the work, he went away.
10.When he had seen a horrible sight, he got frightened.
11.I went there and I heard him talking.
12.As I closed the door, I went out for a walk.
13.Hearing a noise, he woke up.
14.I forgot him and went out.
Rule-5: Subject আলাদা এবং And দ্বারা যুক্ত Compound Sentence
কে When/As/Since যুক্ত করে Complex এবং At the time of + possessive + verb +
ing …., Sub + ….. অথবা Sub+ having/ being + ….. Sub + ….. দ্বারা Simple
Sentence -এ রূপান্তর করা হয়।
Example :
1. Compound: He woke up and it was raining.
   Complex: When he woke up, it was raining.
   Simple: At the time of his waking up, it was raining.

2. Compound: The marriage ceremony was over and the guests were all going to
the feast.
   Complex: When the marriage ceremony was over, the guests were all going to
the feast.
   Simple: The marriage ceremony being over, the guests were all going to the feast.

3. Compound: The sun had set and we went home.

   Complex: As the sun had set, we went home.
   Simple: The sun having set, we went home.
Instant Practice :
1. The game was over and the spectators went home.
2. The sum being hard, I couldn’t solve it.
3. Since the weather was very bad, we didn’t go home.
4. The sun having set, we stopped our playing.
5. As the day was stormy, many people couldn’t return home.
6. The water being hot, I could not drink it.
7. When the lunch was over, the lady went away.
8. Being the water salty, the sailors cannot drink it.
9. I had showed a true love for all living things and I was saved.
10.I was admitted to school when I was five.
11.My mutton chop arrived and she took me to task.
Rule-6: Very …. and যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে so ….. that + Sub + any tense
…. দ্বারা Complex এবং too/enough …. to + V1 ….. দ্বারা Simple Sentence -এ রূপান্তর
করা হয়।
Note: Sentence টি Negative হলে Simple -এর ক্ষেত্রে ‘too’ ব্যবহৃত হবে এবং Affirmative
হলে, ‘enough’ ব্যবহৃত হবে।
Example :
1. Compound: He is very honest and he will not accept bribe.
   Complex: He is so honest that he will not accept bribe.
   Simple: He is too honest to accept bribe.

2. Compound: The news is very good and it can not be true.

   Complex: The news is so good that it can not be true.
   Simple: The news is too good to be true.

3. Compound: She was very intelligent and she got first class.

   Complex: She was so intelligent that she got first class.
   Simple: She was enough intelligent to get first class.
Instant Practice :
1. Javed was so exhausted that he was lying down for a sleep.
2. He is too weak to walk.
3. The boy is very intelligent and he can understand his lesson.
4. The girl was so dull that she could not do the sum.
5. The boy was very foolish and he could not understand a simple matter.
6. They were so nice that they can not be used just as present.
7. I was too young to have learnt to say “no” to a woman.
8. She was my very intimate friend and I can’t forget her.
9. Mina was so lazy that she could not succeed in life.
10.The water was so dirty that we could not drink it.
Rule-7: And + Sub + desire to/ desired to/ want to/ wanted to….. যুক্ত Compound
Sentence কে so that + sub + can/could + V1 … যুক্ত করে Complex এবং to/ in order to
+ V1 …./ for + Verb + ing দ্বারা Simple Sentence -এ রূপান্তর করা হয়।
Example :
1. Compound: He studied hard and wanted to pass.
   Complex: He studied hard so that he could pass.
   Simple: He studied hard to pass.

2. Compound: The officer left the job and he wanted to avoid punishment.

   Complex: The officer left the job so that he could avoid punishment.
   Simple: The officer left the job to avoid punishment.

3. Compound: He goes there and desires to buy a pen.

   Complex: He goes there so that he can buy a pen.
   Simple: He goes there in order to buy a pen.
Instant Practice :
1. He works hard in order to pass the exam.
2. She went to market so that she could buy a Sari.
3. The man ran fast and wanted to catch the train.
4. He works hard to prosper in life.
5. We eat so that we may live well.
6. I went there to see my friend.
7. I read more and I wanted to make a good result.
8. The lady wrote letters to the writes so that she might a have a lunch
from him.
9. Ambia sold her hair to buy a gift for Akkas.
10.The authoress wanted quiet isolation so that she could do some
troublesome writing.
Rule-8: Not only…… but also যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Besides + Verb + ing
…., Sub + Verb + …. যুক্ত করে Simple Sentence এবং When/As/Since যুক্ত করে
Complex Sentence -এ রূপান্তর করা হয়।
Example :
1. Compound: I gave him not only money but also good advice.
   Simple: Besides giving him money, I gave him good advice.
   Complex: When I gave him money, I gave him good advice.

2. Compound: He not only robbed the passenger but also murdered him.
   Simple: Besides robbing the passenger, he murdered him.
   Complex: When he robbed the passenger, he murdered him.
3. Compound: He ate not only a mango but also an apple.
   Simple: Besides eating a mango he ate an apple.
   Complex: When he ate a mango, he ate an apple.
Rule-9: As soon as…../No sooner had…. than/Hardly…. when/Scarcely…..
when যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে and দ্বারা Compound এবং Verb + ing…../At the
time of + possessive + (Verb + ing)/Noun …. দ্বারা Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তর করা
হয়।
Example :
1. Complex: As soon as the police arrived, the crowd disappeared.
   Compound: The police arrived and the crowd disappeared.
   Simple: At the time of the police’s arriving/arrival, the crowd disappeared.

2. Complex: Hardly had he heard the news when he wrote to me.

   Compound: He heard the news and he wrote me.
   Simple: Hearing the news he wrote to me.

3. Complex: No sooner had we reached the stadium than the game began.
   Compound: We reached the stadium and the game began.
   Simple: At the time of our reaching the stadium, the game began.