8

Science 8
Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Current and Charges
Science 8
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Current and Charges
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Marianie S. Andoy and Devorah C. Arcega
Editor: Abraham J. Obedoza, MT-1
Reviewers: Nerissa A. Alfafara – EPS, Science
Illustrator: Marianie S. Andoy and Devorah C. Arcega
Layout Artist:
Cover Art Designer:
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Romelito G. Flores, CESO V - Schools Division Superintendent
Mario M. Bermudez, CESO VI – Assist. Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Peter Van C. Angug – REPS, Science
Juliet F. Lastimosa - CID Chief
Sally A. Palomo - Division EPS In- Charge of LRMS
Gregorio O. Ruales - Division ADM Coordinator
Nerissa A. Alfafara – EPS, Science
Edilbert A. Reyes, Ph.D – Division Science Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell
-

you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module,
you need to answer the post test to self check your learning. Answer keys are provided for
- -

each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to the
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully
before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I need to Know?

Hello everyone! This module was designed and written for you. It is here to
help you master the nature of electricity. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
In this module, you will learn more about electricity. Don`t you know that
there are three basic electrical quantities? These are electric current, voltage, and
resistance. You will use the relationships among these quantities in learning about
circuit connections. You will also learn that some of the safety precautions you have
been warned about can be explained by the relationships among voltage, current,
and resistance.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
● Infer the relationship between current and charge. (S8FE-Ih-30)
And, specifically you are to:
1. Describe current, voltage, and resistance.
2. Determine the relationship between electric current, voltage, resistance.
3. Measure the electric current and voltage in a circuit using ammeter and
voltmeter.
4. Apply Ohm’s Law to real life problems.

What I Know?
Let us see
Let us see iff you can recall the lessons that you have taken up about
electricity from your previous grade level.

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. If the Voltage is increased and the resistance stays the same, what will happen
to current?
A. increase C. stay the same
B. decrease D. none of the above
2. If the Voltage stays the same and Resistance is increased, what will happen to
the current?
A. increase C. stay the same
B.decrease D. none of the above
3. What will happen to the total voltage and to the total current respectively if the
number of batteries increases?
A. decreases, decreases C. increase, increase
B. decreases, increases D. increase, decrease
4.What does the letter 'Ω' stand for in Ohm's Law?
A. Resistance C. Current
B. Inductance D. Voltage
5. If there are 10 volts across a 5 ohm resistor, what is its current?
A. 0.5 amp B. 1 amp C. 2 amps D. 10 amps
6. If there are 40 volts and 5 amps running through an electrical circuit, what is
the resistance of the circuit?
A. 2 Ohm B.4 Ohm C. 6 Ohm D. 8 Ohm
7. If there are 7 amps running through a 3 ohm resistor, what will the voltage be
across the resistor?
A. 2.5 volts B. 10 volts C. 17 volts D. 21 volts
8. Which of the following is the opposing capacity of materials against the current
flow?
A. Conductance B. Resistance C. Susceptance D. Inductance
9. What is being measured by an electrical instrument called ammeter?
A. current B. voltage C. resistance D. none of the above
10. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. The SI unit of temperature is the degree centigrade.
B. The SI unit of potential difference is the volt.
C. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz.
D. The SI unit of charge is the coulomb.
11.Which of the following is NOT the correct statement of Ohm’s law?
A. I = R/V B. I = V/R C. V = IR D. R = V/I
12. What is being measured by an instrument called ohm meter ?
A. resistance B. wattage C. current D. Voltage
13. Which of the following materials does not allow current under normal
conditions?
A. valence B. semiconductor C. insulator D. conductor
14. What will happen to two positively charged materials when placed close
together?
A. attract C. become negative
B. repel D. become neutral
15. Which of the following curves represents Ohm’s Law?
A. Sine wave B. Hyperbolic C. Parabolic D. Linear

Don’t worry with your score. Nothing is

really hard if you persevere to learn.
Let’s start with this activity.

What’s In
Electricity is a part of our daily lives. Many of the activities we do today depend
on it. In fact, the discovery of electricity changed people’s lives. Hey! Can you imagine
life without electricity?
You have learned a lot about electricity from Grade 3 to Grade 7. You have
learned about its sources and uses; discovered different materials as good
conductors of electricity; what makes up an electric circuit; and how electrical energy
is transferred or transformed into other forms of energy.
In addition, you have learned that electricity is the flow of electric charge or
negative charge called electrons.
Recall ideas you learned from your previous lesson about electricity.

1
 Warm Up Activity:

Think of words that you can pair up with the word electric or electricity to
make a compound word. Example: Electric mixer, electric chair, static electricity
Write as many words as you can. Go!

Did you enjoy with first activity? The

next challenge will help you understand
the three quantities that you should be
familiar with in the study of electricity.

Image credit: (free to use)

clipart

Activity: Electricity Icons

Challenge: What do you know about the three quantities of electricity? Answer
the given questions below.

Illustrated by: M. Andoy

Guide Questions:
1. What can you say about the picture?
____________________________________________________________________
2. What makes Mr. Volt so hard to push Mr. amP?
____________________________________________________________________
3. What will likely happen if the tie is removed?
____________________________________________________________________
4. What is the role of Mr. Ohm in the picture?
____________________________________________________________________

Oh! What did volt do to amp? Are

you now familiar with the three
quantities of electricity? Let us see.

Image credit: (free to use)

clipart

2
 Heads Up!

Georg Simon Ohm was a German physicist, best known for his
“Ohm's Law”, which states that the current flow through a conductor is
directly proportional to the potential difference (voltage) and inversely
proportional to the resistance. More concept about quantities of electricity
namely current, voltage, and resistance will be discussed as you go
through in this learning material.

What’s New
Did you enjoy our previous activity? Now that you have an idea about our
lesson, let us explore more about this topic.

Activity 1: You Complete Me!

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you will be able to:
1. Determine the SI unit and its symbol used in current, voltage and
resistance.
2. Identify the measuring device used for current, voltage, and resistance.
3. Name who invented the device.
Materials
● Pen
● Reference book on Electricity
● Internet (if available),
Procedure
1. Fill in the table to complete the concept on electricity.

Table 1: Properties of electrical quantities

Quantities SI Unit Unit Symbol Measuring Inventor
Device

Current

Voltage

Resistance

3
 What did you do to complete the table? Did you
know who discovered the Current? Voltage?
Resistance? Well, that’s great! Will you be excited
to do the next activity? Here it is.

Image credit: (free to use)

clipart

Activity 2: Real Deal Relationship (Current and voltage)

(Adapted From LM Grade 8)

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you will:
1. Measure the electric current and voltage in a circuit using an ammeter
and voltmeter respectively; and
2. Determine the relationship between electric current and voltage.

Materials Needed:

1 ammeter 1 voltmeter
2 dry cells (1.5 V each) 2 dry cell holders
4 connecting wires 1 switch
1 bulb 1 bulb holder
Procedure:
1. Construct a simple circuit using a dry cell, a bulb, a switch and an ammeter.
Close the circuit by turning on the switch. Observe the bulb and the ammeter.
Record the ammeter reading in Table 1.
Note: Upon completion of the task, switch off the circuit.

Figure 3. Ammeter connected in a circuit with one dry cell

Guide Question
Q1. What is the reading on the ammeter?

2. Add another dry cell to the circuit. Record the electric current measurement in
Table 1. Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

4
 Figure 4. Ammeter connected in a circuit with two dry cells
Table 1: Voltage and Current

No. of
Voltage (V) Current (A)
batteries

Q2. Compare the brightness of the bulb with one dry cell to two dry cells in
the circuit
Q3. What is the ammeter reading this time?

Q4. What can be inferred about the current passing through the bulb?
3. Connect the voltmeter in the circuit as shown in Figure 5. Switch on and record
the voltage in Table 1.

Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

Figure 5. Voltmeter connected in a circuit with one dry cell

Q 5. What is the voltmeter reading? ________________________________________

4. Add another dry cell to the circuit. Record the voltmeter reading in Table 1.
Observe the brightness of the bulb.

Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

5
 Figure 6. Voltmeter connected in a circuit with two dry cells
Q6. Describe the brightness of the bulb. __________________________________________

Q7. What is the voltmeter reading this time? _____________________________________

Q8. What can you infer about the voltage across the bulb? ________________________

Q9.Refer to Table 1, how are voltage and current related? _________________________

➢ You will use voltmeters and ammeters to measure the current and voltage in a circuit.
Make sure that you will follow the correct way of connecting the ammeter and voltmeter.
➢ If the school cannot provide voltmeters and ammeters, you can modify the activity by
just relating the number of dry cells or increase in voltage with the brightness of the
bulb. The brighter the bulb, the bigger the current.
➢ The dry cells must be connected in series which means the positive terminal of one cell
is connected to the negative terminal of the other.
➢ Be sure also to use new batteries for this activity especially when the brightness of the
bulb is being asked. For the bulb, use a flashlight with a voltage rating of 2.5 V.
➢ Ideally a switch must be included in the circuit so that they can turn off the circuit to
avoid wasting energy. The teacher can make an improvised switch using illustration
board and aluminum foil as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 : Improvsed switch

How did you find the activity? Did you enjoy

connecting the voltmeter to batteries and to
the bulb? What happened? Were you amazed
that you have lighted the bulb? Great job!
Image credit: (free to use)
Let’s still continue. This time it’s about
clipart Current and Resistance!

6
 Activity 3: Real Deal Relationship (Current and Resistance)
(Adapted From LM Grade 8)

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you will be able to:
1. Determine the relationship between electric current and resistance.
Materials Needed:
● 1 ammeter
● 2 dry cells
● 2 dry cell holders
● 4 connecting wires
● 1 switch
● 3 flashlight bulbs (voltage rating of 2.5V each)
● 3 bulb holders
Procedure:
1. Construct a simple circuit using one bulb, 2 dry cells and an ammeter as shown
in Figure 7. Record the electric current measurement in Table 2.
Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

Figure 7. Ammeter connected in a circuit with one bulb and two dry cells
2. To increase the resistance, add another bulb in the circuit. Connect the
ammeter and record the electric current measurement in Table 2.
Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

Figure 8. Ammeter connected

in a circuit with two bulbs and two dry cells
3. To further increase the resistance, add another bulb in the circuit. Connect the
ammeter and record the electric current measurement in Table 2.

7
Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

Figure 9. An ammeter connected in a circuit with three bulbs and two dry cell

Table 2

No. of bulbs Current (A)

Q1. Based on Table 2, what happens to the current in the circuit as the resistance
increases (increasing of bulbs)?
4. Connect the ammeter at different points around the circuit shown in Figure 10.
Make sure that the positive terminal of the ammeter is connected to the positive
terminal of the dry cell while the negative terminal is connected to the negative
terminal of the dry cell.

Note: Once the task is done, turn off the switch.

B C

Figure 10. Ammeter connected between two bulbs in a circuit

Q2. Compare the current at different points in the circuit.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

8
Q3. What can you infer about the current through the circuit?
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
➢ If there is no ammeter available, you can just compare the brightness of the
bulb since the brightness is also associated with the current passing through
them.
➢ In the last part of the activity, you were asked to connect the ammeter at
different points in the circuit. This is to show to you that current is the same
anywhere in the circuit.

Oh! Nice job! You’re doing good. You

knew already how to use the ammeter.
But wait! There is still another activity.
Hope you will be doing better.

Image credit: (free to use)

clipart
Activity 4: The Equation of a Relationship
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you will:
1. Determine the Ohm’s Law formula using the Triangle Method.
2. Calculate the given problem using the Ohm’s Law formula.
Materials:
● Pen
● activity sheet
Procedure:
1. Determine the Ohm’s Law formula using the triangle method.

Photo credit: M. Andoy

____________________ ____________________ ____________________
Example Problem : We will calculate the amount of current (I) in a circuit, given
values of voltage (V or E) and resistance (R):

What is the amount of current (I) shown in the circuit ? ___________________________

Solution:
Use this equation to solve for resistance:
9
 V

2. Solve the given problem using the Ohm’s Law:

1. Calculate the voltage shown in the picture below.

2. The flashlight shown uses a 6 volt battery and has a bulb with a resistance
of 150 Ω. When the flashlight is on, how much current will be drawn from the
battery? ___________________________________________________
3. An IPod uses a standard 1.5 V battery. How much resistance is in circuit
if it uses a current of 0.01A?
__________________________________________________________________________

Good job! You have solved the

problems on the quantities of
electricity. You knew the three
formula for quantities. There’s
more!

Image credit: (free to use)

clipart

What Is It
What is current, voltage, and resistance?
Electric current is a measure of the number of electrical
charges passing through a cross-section of a conductor in a given time.
Current is represented by “I” and its quantity is measured using the
device called ammeter. The unit, ampere (A), is named after Andre-
Marie Ampere, a French physicist who made important contributions
to the theory of electricity and magnetism.
Andre-Marie Ampere
Image credit:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/

Image credit: (free to use)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
Analog Ammeter Digital Ammeter

10
 Voltage is the difference in potential energy of charged particles.
The battery supplies the energy in electric circuits. The chemical energy
in the battery is transformed to electrical energy. This electrical energy
moves the charges in a circuit. Voltage is represented by “V” and its
quantity is measured using the device called voltmeter. The unit, volts
(V), is named after the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta who invented
the voltaic pile the so-called “first battery”
Alessandro Volta
Image credit: (free to use)
https://upload.wikimedia.org/

Analog Voltmeter Digital Voltmeter

Image credit: (free to use)
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

When electric charges flow through the wires and loads of

the circuits they SD encounter resistance or a hindrance to their
movement. So another factor that resists the flow of charges or
current is resistance. Resistance is represented by “Ω” and its
quantity is measured using the ohm meter. The unit, ohms (Ω) is
named after the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm.

Georg Simon Ohm

Image credit:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/

Analog Ohm meter Digital Ohm meter

Image credit: (free to use)
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

What are the relationships between current, voltage, and resistance?

Two types of relationship:

• Direct proportion or directly proportional is a relationship where both
quantities has the same or equal value.
• Inverse proportion or inversely proportion is a relationship where two
quantities has opposite or do not have the same value.
Base on the Ohm’s Law:
● Current is directly proportional to voltage. As the voltage increases, the current
also increases.
● Current is inverse proportion with resistance. As current decreases the
resistance increases or when the resistance increases the current decreases.
● Voltage is directly proportional to resistance. As the voltage increases, the
resistance also increases.

What is Ohm’s law ?

Georg Simon Ohm’s principal discovery was that the amount of electric
current through a metal conductor in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage
11
impressed across it, for any given temperature. Ohm expressed his discovery in the
form of a simple equation called Ohm’s Law.
It is mathematically expressed as…
● V= I X R
● I=V/R
● R =V / I
Where V is the voltage in unit volts (V , )I the current in unit ampere (A), and
R the resistance in the unit Ohms(Ω).
It is sometimes easier to remember this Ohms law relationship by using
pictures. Here the three quantities of V, I and R have been apply into a triangle (
called the Ohm’s Law Triangle) giving voltage at the top with current and resistance
below.

This arrangement represents the actual position of each quantity within the
Ohms law formulas. So, if you need to find voltage, current, or resistance, simply
place your finger over what you’re trying to find and you simply get the formula.

You learned many things about

electricity. This would help you
understand the use of electricity
especially at home. There’s more
that you can do.

Image credit: (free to use)

clipart

What’s More
1. Use the Ohm’s Law equation to solve the given problems:

Tips:1. Remember the triangle method to help you solve the given problem.

12
 2. Take note always of the unit. Voltage has a unit of V or Volt , Current
has A or Amps, and Ω for Resistance.

I. The electronic devices such as laptop and mobile phones require a DC

power supply with the specific current rating. Typical mobile phone
batteries require 0.7 – 1 A. A resistor is used to control the rate of
current flowing through these components. What is the resistance of a
mobile phone that requires a current of 0.8 A while providing 5 volts
across it?

II. A small light bulb with a resistance 2Ω f is connected to a 6 V battery

What is the current of the bulb?

III. A motor with an operating resistance of 32Ω is connected to a voltage

source. The current in the circuit is 1.5 A. What is the voltage of the
source?

Remember these:
● Electricity is a part of our daily lives. Many of the activities we do
everyday depend on electricity. It is the flow of electric charge or
negative charge called electrons.
● Electric current is a measure of the number of electric charges passing
through a cross-section of a conductor in a given time.
● Voltage is the electric potential that exists to move a charge having a
symbol of capital letter V. The unit used is volt, named after the Italian
physicist Alessandro Volta.
● Resistance is represented by “Ω” and its quantity is measured using the
multimeter. The unit, ohms (Ω) is named after the German physicist
Georg Simon Ohm.
● Ohm’s Law states that current is directly proportional to voltage but
inversely proportional to resistance.
● Ohms law is mathematically expressed into three formulas:

● V= I X R
● I=V/R
● R =V / I

Nice try! You master the formula

of the quantities of electricity. Did
you find it easy? That’s good to
hear! Continue learning.

Image credit: (free to use)

clipart
What I Have Learned
Let us check what have you learned about current and charges
through modified True or False test. In the table are the statements

13
with underlined words that may give correct or incorrect statements about quantities
of electricity.
Write the word TRUE if the underlined word or words is/are CORRECT but if
the underlined word or words is/are INCORRECT write the CORRECT ANSWER.
1. Current is represented by “I” and its quantity is
measured using the device called ammeter.
2. Alessandro Volta discover the Ohm’s Law.

3. Resistance is the difference in potential energy of charged

particles.
4. Resistance has a unit ohm with a unit symbol of A.
5 Current is inversely proportional to voltage. As the voltage
increases, the current also increases.
6 Current is direct proportion with resistance. As current
decreases the resistance increases.
7.Voltage can be solve by multiplying current and
resistance.
8. The formula to solve Current is I= R/V

9. The word how hard it is for electrons to flow refers to

resistance.
10. 4. A device has a 2 A electric current, when both ends
where given a potential of 300 V. Therefore, the electrical
resistance is .0067Ω.

You really tried your

best. This would help
you understand the use
of electricity especially
at home. There’s more
Image credit: (free to use) that you can do.
clipart

What I Can Do
Answer the following questions based on the learned concept about electricity.
1. A gauge 14 extension cord can safely carry 15 A. What will happen if
several appliances drawing a total current of 18A will be connected to it?
Explain your answer.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. What is the difference between 1A and 2A in a charger cable?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

3. What happens when we charge our mobile with higher current (2A)
rated charger instead of lower current (1A) rated charger? Will charging
14
 faster damage the battery?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Life Application/Reflection:

When there is a need to install additional electrical outlets at home where

more appliances will be used, what will you do to ensure enough current
of electricity will be supplied?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

You’re almost done. What a great performance!

Are you learning? I hope you have learned a lot.
We will know if you have learned from the start.

Image credit: (free to use)

clipart

Assessment:

Multiple Choice. Read each statement carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Atom has subatomic particles that create electric current. Which part of an atom
an electric current originates?
A. nucleus C. positively charged protons
B. entire atom acting as a unit D. negatively charged electron
2. Different materials have different amounts of resistance. Conductors are
materials that permit electric charge to flow freely from particle to particle. Which
of the following materials have greater amounts of resistance?
A. iron cod B. metal rod C. plastic box D. steel bar
3. Which of the following correctly describes voltage?
A. The number of charged particles that pass each second
B. The difference in potential energy of charged particles
C. Resist the flow of charge
D. The flow of protons
4. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. The SI unit of voltage is volt. C. The SI unit of current is ampere.
B. The SI unit of charge is the coulomb. D. The SI unit of resistance is watt.
5. What does the letter 'I' stand for in Ohm's Law?
A. Current B. Power C. Resistance D. Voltage
6. Which word means how fast the electrons flow?
A. Current B. Power C. Resistance D. Voltage
7. Which word means how hard it is for electrons to flow?
A. Current B. Power C. Resistance D. Voltage
8. Which of the following laws expresses the mathematical relationship between
voltage, current, and resistance?
A. Faraday's Law B. Tesla's Law C. Newton’s Law D. Ohm's Law
15
9.What happens to current if the voltage stays the same and resistance is
increased?
A. increases C. both A and B
B. decreases D. stays the same
10. What will happen to the total resistance and to the total current as the number
of resistors increases respectively?
A. decreases, decreases C. decreases, increases
B. increases, increases D. increases, decreases
11. Which of the following is a correct statement of Ohm's law?
A. I = V/R B. I = R/V C. V = I/R D. R = VI
Use this graph for questions 12 and 13.
12. The electric current as a function of voltage of B
a wire is presented by the Line A. What is the
resistance of the wire?

A
A
A. 1Ω C.0.8 Ω
B.1.6 Ω D. 0.4 Ω

13. Which of the two lines has greater resistance?

B
A. line A only C. Both A and B
B. line B only D. None of the Above
14. An electric heater works by passing a
current of 100 A through a coiled metal
wire, making it red hot. If the resistance of
the wire is 1.1 ohms, what voltage must be applied to it?
A. 101V B. 110V C. 120V D. 136V
15.How much is the resistance of an alarm clock draws 0.5 A of current
when connected to a 120 volt circuit.
A. 60.5Ω B. 100Ω C. 120.5Ω D. 240Ω

Good job! You have mastered most

of it if not all. Congratulations! Try
and enjoy the activity just for you.

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Additional Activities
Activity : Lemon Battery
Batteries are containers that store chemical energy, which can be converted
to electrical energy—or what we call electricity. They depend on an electrochemical
reaction to do this. The reaction typically occurs between two pieces of metal,
called electrodes, and a liquid or paste, called an electrolyte. For a battery to work
well, the electrodes must be made up of two different types of materials. This ensures
one will react differently than the other with the electrolyte.
This difference is what generates electricity. Connect the two electrodes with
a material that can transport electricity well (called a conductor) and the chemical
reactions fire up; the battery is generating electricity! As you make connections, note
16
 that electricity likes to take the path of least resistance. If there are multiple ways to
go from one electrode to the other, the electricity will take the path that lets it flow
most easily.

Objective:

At the end of the activity, you will be able to:

1. Create a simple battery to power up the light bulb.

Materials:
∙ 4 lemons (room temperature)
∙ Paper towels
∙ 1 penny (pre-1982 if possible) or 4” length of copper wire
∙ 1 galvanized nail or screw
∙ Voltmeter (optional)
Procedure:
To make the battery: Photo credits: M. Andoy and D. Arcega
1. First, rub the lemon between your hands while gently squeezing. This will release
more juices from the flesh making it more reactive for the battery.

2. Wash the coins thoroughly and dry them. Take the penny or copper
wire and poke it through the skin of the lemon (into the flesh) on one
side of the lemon. If using the penny, you may need to use a knife to
cut a slit into the lemon rind for the penny to fit through. If using the
wire, poke half of the length through the lemon.

3. Place the coins into the slits on the opposite side of the lemons
making sure they don’t touch each other.
Photo credits: M. Andoy and D. Arcega
TAKE CARE!
Use a sharp knife. Keep the sharp edge of the knife away from your body.

4. The lemon battery is now ready to be used. Connect one

alligator wire to the penny or copper wire and a second wire to the
nail.

Photo credits: M. Andoy and D. Arcega

i. To light the bulb, connect each end of the bulb to the
LED. If the light does not light up immediately, switch the
bulb around (electricity can only flow through the bulb in
one direction).
ii. To test the voltage set your multimeter to volts DC
(sometimes shown as VDC) and set it to the lowest range
or DCV 20.

Photo credits: M. Andoy and D. Arcega

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Photo credits: M. Andoy and D. Arcega
 iii. Try adding more lights to the circuit. How many lights can be lit by one lemon?

Can you power more lights with more lemons? Does adding more lemons to the chain
increase the voltage? Why or why not?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

CAUTION: None of these circuits or their components are designed to be plugged into household
wall sockets or use household current. They are too weak for that level of power and connecting
them to household current is extremely dangerous.
Extended Learning
∙ Try adding more lemons to the battery. Make sure that each lemon is set up the

same as the first and then connect them positive to negative in a chain.

● Try using other metals as the anode and cathode. Some other possibilities
include other coins, such as dimes, nickels, and quarters.
Which combinations work? Which don’t? Why do you think some work and some
don’t?

● Try using other fruit as the source of the electrolyte. The solution must be
acidic, so have students think of other fruits and vegetables that are acidic or
that have been fermented (limes, oranges, grapefruit, pickles, sauerkraut,
etc.). Which fruit or vegetable worked best? The worst?

Great Job! Congratulations! I

hope you have discovered a lot.
Remember to apply your
knowledge in using electricity
wisely and efficiently.

Image credit: (free to use)

clipart

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 19
Activity 3. Real Deal Relationship ( Current and Resistance )
Guide Questions
1. The current decreases as the resistance increases or when the
resistance increases the current decreases.
2. The current reading at different points of the circuit is constant.
3. The readings indicate that current is the same anywhere in the circuit.
Activity 4. Equation Of A Relationship
1. V=I x R R=V/I I=V/R
2. 1. Given: Formula:
I=2A V=IxR
R=7 Ω 2 A/ 7 Ω
V=? 14 V
2. Given: Formula
V= 6 volt I = V/R
R= 150 Ω 6 V/ 150 Ω
I=? 0.04 A
3. Given: Formula
V=1.5 volt R = V/I
I=0.01 A 1.5V/ 0.01A
R=? 150 Ω
Activity 1: You Complete Me!
What I
Quantities SI Units Unit Symbol Measuring Device Inventor
Current Ampere A Ammeter Andre-Marie Ampere
Know
1. A
Volt V Voltmeter Alessandro Volta 2. B
Voltage 3. C
Resistance Ohm Ω Ohm meter Georg Simon Ohm 4. A
5. C
6. D
Activity 2: Real Deal Relationship ( Current and Voltage ) 7. D
Guide Questions: 8. B
1. This will depend on the reading they got from the ammeter. 9. A
2. The bulb glows brighter when two batteries are used. 10. A
3. This will depend on the reading obtained from the ammeter. 11. A
4. The current is higher for two dry cells compared to one dry cell. 12. A
13. C
5. This will depend on the reading obtained from voltmeter.
14. B
6. The bulb glows brighter.
15. D
7. This will depend on the reading obtained from voltmeter.
8. The voltage is bigger for two dry cells compared to one dry cell.
9. For a constant load (one bulb), when the voltage increases the current
also increases.
Answers Key
 20
Additional Activity: Assessment
Possible Answer: Yes, adding more lemons 1. D 9. B
increase the voltage. The lemon act as battery 2. C 10. D
that gives power to the light. 3. B 11. A
4. D 12. B
5. A 13. A
6. D 14. B
7. C 15. D
8. D
What I Can DO
1. Possible Answer: If the current draw exceeds 15 amps , plugging them into the
same outlet will probably result a short circuit and
may blown a breaker.
2. Possible Answer : Thinner wires conduct lesser current. This is due to the fact that
the electricity is flow of electrons there must be more free electrons available to
conduct more current. So 2A wire is generally thicker and allows you to charge your
mobile faster.
3. Possible Answer: Any battery, be it a mobile battery or a car battery, is design to
charge at specific safe current . If i charge my mobile battery, higher than 1 Amps,
lets say 2 Amps, then my mobile battery will charge fast. If my mobile battery charge
with in 2 hours from 10% to 100 %, then this time will be halfed if i charge my mobile
battery, at 2 Amps. Yes, it may affects your battery life. The battery life become less
charging happens very quickly but the temperature goes up and hence the life span
comes down. The actual reason behind the depreciation of life span may varies with
battery construction and chemical reactions involved. The battery may / will swell
What I Have What's More
Learned What I Have
Learned 1.6.25Ὼ
1.TRUE
2. Georg Simon Ohm 1.TRUE 2. 3 A
3. Voltage 2. Georg Simon Ohm
4.Ω 3. Voltage 3. 48 V
5. directly proportional 4.Ω
6. decreases 5. directly proportional
7. TRUE 6. decreases
8. I = V/R 7. TRUE
9. TRUE 8. I = V/R
10. 150 Ω 9. TRUE
10. 150 Ω
References
● Science Learners Manual 8 pp 53-68
● Laboratory Activities in Science and Technology IV
By Jocelyn A. Prado
Rogelio P. Pascual
Arturo H. Magtangob
Marianne F. Gripal
● Integrative Physics
By Fernando Ma. Duran Nolasco
Yolanda I. Lomotan
Manuela P. Pagunsa

Links:
● www.sanfoundry.com
● www.indiabix.com
● www.weareteachers.com
● www.quizziz.com
● http://www.problemsphysics.com/electricity/ohms-law-examples.html
● https://www.education.com/science-fair/article/lemon-power/
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_cWTWB-N_I
● https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-
2/voltage-current-resistance-relate/

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 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]

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