—= 3. Ray Optics Ray Optics - Pottaent™ nyt? 2TH at pike, ste dine pectin eM ght. thoeslden Bote. ab ote whats themties ures ths. oopmng, Bb Crear Epa Tee ease age ie eee eR, Reflection of Lignt — eee aR the pase Riievor— aes Pei cSt not ROO E RI Sb oot onc wetk podishedl surface cohich Sp WR FGA at RG ea SF SRM se aba. 7 Pte Mirtn, ae flere “pier, sand pei By ie trite” lang RET EAR eb PROSENSE, ULSI ORT Be el te Fe ined ee b rene is wepiectec! along om at 2a) a REE og Si ey TS Fey “SE? PE ES angle hy WE yeSice? Laws of reflect s D GRANGE. ibs Wrockeertee ecaincch ste angie ef regiection o46203 Tne GS FES LS Sphewicar Mirrors CQ Epeiceept Sing permed meranical” parce oe oe somes ie elhiomees prensa ee RO eo See a ee Saas Thane. ns: hee depen ep sietunieed nlierenn= C1 > Concave _mivrey ~ oy nue xahlestiny suUSfece a4 tcianee. Gia caste ob The ape Sa eS, Spreader soars eb ns at eno co veplecting synfac, ss Se He Se. eee pe PRR Oph fe, me Gi> Ractins of curvature CRD - Thy woctins of Hye phase of cobion tee, ropemen, terge e gt PR CR lec Ep cuit a Fuare Se a ET gs an> Vertex or Pele — te entctlla potnt ov comtue of the spheriont mirror ia ete Ventex ow pole of Hye Siero BAS SE hye Gv? Apertune of the mirror - . The otiameter Mima eb the spherical minor Ba contterd afer Ree ita ape bs, Ue > Amgatar apertune - The One, Mire Ma Subjbercteal at 6 by the boy cine, Us rege 5 Vhs SRR Rinse Es “Cott Wi) Paincipal axis - certre. cp eran FEE SSE LE, Pee a SNe Save PR Ehee! ay, SEIS A aeatign oh, the celualgat rirrer eat way at Plane paesing Hneagh por eng eine Sac sees rosin eng pe mete tee, ea iW) Principal focus CF D- SS ee pein on the peincpat ants ob athe mninepe tt tomiche warys Imeiciond ern ore mmieemye in EM EOS, RRS MN ee IS ROUT Feet ce ieee Teepe Spe Ripte Stes fies HE Fa) a EE Eg nD ag ME TE an paw ae Concave ror F AA & real Potro GRO Bae ee Dy thet apr htnit E ee FS Foe Eg te FYE rae 7 New Cartesian sign Conventions CD AN the cUidanes Gne measuaedd Jeon pole CPD ob epranical enirror: (2d Mig, ptt tomers pense up the olincedion of incidence . Bien Ga Ray ae peat ti ven Cersch fA ace kuti A ox" Sirtnsion FSpposte “Ge then afiveaien op Tmcicience Sp Tignh “axe ok AE nagehve | C32 he Anignts meatuued upwards and perpendicular ie MIDIS, ocr Ghiet , press and pespendiesten | Rais Page Ves ea nt Pe ee Regiatce & Cwnetdent naeMirror Fermula fer Concave Mirrey aR tena ad ior wrmula Gs aq malodior betuweary fooat SR ant Tua PMR, SETI AEP ge, Let (Phe the pole, is the pAincieat fests amet 6 jae the, Sete ob Soe comedve riven BORE ORES til By Fe Ee +e Tire. (a> Real Image - hen He elejent i Malet iy fart, ob a, comeme mivrer Ne pathcipa cus ©. miveor> __ wagon, Tie gels gs eho op ge peed pacity TH ct, Ae Gk hplcl pespencticular oto the Phe miwror hespenet on, rhe weet alts GEM pS I PIR PAI PLIES, gente fierce fen, Eo ee aed abt : EGER tneitted Paling "GEO Tyee Big BAY och a Pests = Deen? ox waplectes! rays ,oghuatly, meet cot, a! hich Ba ead image og? RE Baie ACTRESS Scie om Roget 3s Dyletae, Cae ne fais maces Se PE SPA EE sommenting the pore!_ From a! draw Ala! perpencicular, on the principal Axis. Therefpre, Alp! is veal, ‘inverted image of AS formed by Uveflection prom th 2 Concave mirror. As A ABC od AAlaic ane similar, So thet- AS _ ce Ate! ~ “ear —- © Agen e% A ABP amd Aalalp are similar, So tedt— AB _ Pe —— wa = Pe Ss From €9q-@D ond eq.@Q we get - ee 2. ee Sot Pe @ By miasuring all olistancs frm P 5 we have - cB = PB Pe amd ca = Pc- pa . -— pe = Pe fen en @ 8 2G — © Using neco cortesion sign Conventions , we gut - PB=-U> pe = = -v Se we get trom <9. @, Het - -u+R = RV or uR -uv = uv— vR or UR #vR = 2uVv by cewiching. beth siole by UVR wwe get A 2 i aa Vv u t+ v AS $2 Ip 48 the vequirec! miveoy formula. (©)_Virtual Image - when the object is held in front ab @ Concave. mivror between the pole P omd principal focus F of the, mirror, then the imege formid Ga virduod, erect and megnified as shovon “in figure. fiAAlelc ane similac, so thot Ate = Ser —_— &@ Agen 48 Aner ont Aalale ane 4sinilan, so ted Oe + $s —_ & Prem <4. ome ag. @ we ger Sar + BS ———_— & By mensuning Alf clibtanees Jeers Pa we get- em 2 ne ee ort cat 5 pe ee - Re re a ee Pe + Pe re Using new Contesion sign comvenhiens — eo Pelee. pes Hm then = ox urn -vR eur Di victing Gy Use 5 we ger Mivror Formula fev Convex Mirver — Tre mage ferqoect TOL Soren, quran iin elpoay: viatent AM Svs Jkasel MO So EDs Be, gS bet OF he the le, a the pipet fortes Spr he Se eer Sp ete 2G EU ZaESS! Ae PE =f Gs the focet length emc PO = othe cleat ne op He mine AB as or shrek Sha iB Fen pent SA Fe” BAS peas Ay ob hight stenting, peer oO apt ongitent on the migver hen§ aa Aad pata eiet 40 Re princi pa Bar a Se pte Tah rig Sn penclucing beet be mppem ale the ts: oa, the irre etong “TENE waGiclrle iG REIMER Fy Zaea = 2k Lares oe Se eS age pty ets Be a ats mesctore A chewed incident oo the mies ateng se forte Powsns SE Ta Gh Tht Fe ea OTS EM UNL FR Eppes ISTE nP eres ale! perpendicular to gine et ete: TBE gt Rr CAEN a EE SRE SEL As A amc and A Alaa ane simi le, Se “thet = <> —_ >Aap axe similar. So — Agein a4 3a — = fee 29: GD end G we get- Sa = EE — = menguning phe atl ctistances goon the pote Pye con co pot pe co re het es - pes ec _ yo fe ee Listing Ales cantelion sign camer Pe- 4, pet = + amd pe = +R So fren = GD Ne get uyR swe getean at — ea near Magnification of a Spherical Mirror - Cinta. ogi feedien oy argh wrepafindin a ptligh «REED Ge PRL TIE these RT eae Bo ke PEE Tt Gs vepauented by om. Wn SRa op image CE ae! Sina eh ober COD ae Megniqic ction! Cay Qoi ne eSY Cie Drage te creed > amet on Will be. negative Ts ASRS Tle. Tmage is tnvelicd). Fav beth Concave cma Convex minor we Kneto that = re! a a Bm Case ob Garcave mirror, when image formest Bs rent yan ahi in pig Using new Cartesian Sign Cementions -Mahed. Staion ' fave easing ned Cant GT Sy Waele, Sheen foes Alol = 42, Aes te o et Som 4s positive. Nete— GI When meas image jprmed as enlargect Cohen Mm soitry mo in Magatioe’ Tmage ‘ste enn Coa) . Gast of a Someave, miter. wimgnipiention ts pL SS haa SOE IT ac OPiS, ey be fragnipiention is positive only. Practical Applications of Spherical Mirrors CO A convex miner da usecl as a reflector in “esteen st (hemps UAT 4 Aaah phe gtd” Brees tne! Tithe atiimges eG ANG! Sa. Gd A conven minor Ga usec ae a clive miner in’ etl Venicdes “Eka cans “Grid Scooters “ehe. 5 fou Loot SSSR ele Se TRE Sea SP AS vedic BCLS iver hae A week ious Gh views oe Compasect Ho "a plane “wiveey er a Eoneave Mito, The jenages formed ane Amable omnet enach: Wi A Cemeave mirrer 4s psec an a reffector in sendy 3 Ret LIS ey ober Vetiens, ito cope 5 Sota chokes etc % * GY A Concave mirror is alse uses os a shaving mirror ox make ap minor as Gb can form echect and magnifica Cmouge + Bey = em As focal dangtn Gs positives the mirror must be Convex The mage is virluals erect one emalier in cine. Also Re 2f = axe = 4o28¢mAst covelle 2 em im Sica is placecl azem- sa © arte aoe og Send GSE Se Rat SP Sak Boe wee Sees BREE OE BTEC A he Pte a rape me eee iP TRL Sect p Fee mage Cee in hea Cesta ae Gb ee PEs SR ie Sevedle Uk ESL. eel \e Sixe of candle Coy Re-aeem . Ff = R/e 2 imeem = p+ he ee a eg -b ~ ww + we + a £, + = - Su cm. wrset sy = Od ove So the sceeer Should be Placesl at su ce. dram the mivvoy on the tame stole an the elaject- Th FT VS Size cf image then as tie image Gs reat m =x ~S 2 > r= - sem Minus sign Inclicates that imege is iruertect. token the Camella sin mere chosen te mivyes, the Serean “Row de be moved Ga Spe Payer. Rowever “2Sner Candin ia at he Wane E03 than say tee sortie ana berm eer ae SOR ast “BE flee A ENE “Seen “ pees Use the mhewor =quetion Go shee mat — SEN (a> An skject placed between famc oF of a Goneave. wievow products a weet Pmage bejend 2g. We Convene mirror coluougs prostuccs ty viv baal image Tncepenctant of “rhe Lncotiod of Fine “aed An objet” placed betecan ne pote anal focus of & cancave miner product a Unrbuall p enboyged frag = to fr amie feb for comcawe “miner fao andl We t ~ tul > 1fl of wee Fer Concave mires foo, <0 Henee by mines forma pe ate nal TT Heme I aT > Heme the Tmege lk formecl on nus of miner ce. vi~ tied few * a : ee * a tao by oy mi < ee = tel ea ' > ms Hence Image 4s enlengestREFRACTION when a beam of Light femapgitnt recliven "pails “il met ‘pent ob liga gash veplegteal oc tae ie ree rein, Sd Fh Oe "oP Ea ete vip andl, imcident ry : 1b AN LO te Stee racine, xB cefection Eh ughs® Refractive Index - The, io ch ispecd op Aigles in vactum | aly 4d the Joe BP att inden Ja Called! the refractive Fdex Ou eh medium 7 _Specd of Light wm vacuum/aly Co) Spead ef Light In the medium CV) twhen the Lght pauses ene meclium 4 to noth, medium 2.9 the vefrabtive. index of meclium 2 ootth vespect to maclium Ls waiiten as th, ancl dé Catlicl relative reftctive index. Tha, = es [ve = Mc Speeck of Light in rection L ar e/y Na Speed of Tight in medion 2 roetium evith higher vepactive: jrelen is sae yo he "hs he opHe neck Ce Cee pce aac -¥ Rafocte Indes, wy @ charsclesiic pr Aare ia. gust prope sh ta matey > late eater fen chaste SF igi Laws of Refraction - Wy, chenewa, Ligh goa fro, ont, medium do anothis aie, Tey Fase Sf Ele Set TRON aang op ean Bo ne een ap Sige evap Gi. Incictent yepractest veuy and normal Dame, Mngident ra the rabies lated be im the Sen plone CH The grec, of rack, ies esi oh ef fecidence J Wopraction ata posh i mein Hisint = coratent] 52 Asin iss tnsiniy ap i emel ta sy then anit = anSin® a a 2 ay here Hy cs vefmelive feclex of meetin 2 with wipe to medium 2. fe 5 TRE Law ut alse calltd Snell's Lavo. For tre Same valua of angle of Inclouna, the & vefmction in three meclia Ar® and C are SE Te ot eS pty: Thich eaclen Sal a ecg Fue Le iment 2 vasiny for given i ” Song GEASS iniwe, y mean 0Befestin trough @ rectangular Glass Slab Me a0 eee amt doi te nh FS he i, aie Hpi), tae] Li gee rife BaP Zl and omiguted certo aie, wey met Jo 0 tose rx 2 KE ls Ba et z bee pete he SER EES few he een! y Ppl nels tna ab Le Ma Sin iy = Aig Sin x, Sint TMs 4, — er a Ms ® Again applying snell's Law ot Mm - My smin = tn sinn, | i > SE = | -O ¥ According 4o +e painciple of veversibitity of light a ie eet Sea PIER eh Tred LP ele he retinal Te catite “path.From figs - he Hence from. eg @ - TD] se sini = sine) H Hence the emergence ray may lu pasalled to the incident ray KL: Expression Lateral From, toes MN! perpenciiculan 40 iL prc So the Lede! cluplacement of the way on pasing Frevugh the patel) Slab ec” mn = eviction on pirat vepoction . mn! = Losing -@ In Aum cosy = Le kel + cohen t= LE = Phickness of glans dab So fpom 24, © we gt ma! sing mal > tam Cum ea This ie the exprenion jor Lateral olisplcement, sd soneones ip paptonel te thw * cotey sigma penta thReal Depth ancl apparent Depth of a Tank eS eee “a ach EGR PE ln om le ret c pete 0 Gk a point ebject of an achial lupin on Melow the surface of water XY in a tank. A ray of Light incident on x¥, normally along on pests “theif “Ba pvc Fe © incidank ot 2 on retin Sa ist ay Goan ihe emt Gb SP Andel NST Oling be! Spelling Tal at weastenta £ FS Rees ee Of SS Eaten “ean amram wader 0 mppeona at 3 Thinefpre apparent depth = Ax (Less then of) how = coats i amd Lara = Lnme = ¥ TH Acae shi = AS In A rhe sin y= as the light ts fowelling from censor medium (usher) Roam CSET sis + SOE 2 21g = Sh Iihan_omges te beontt , Dis clce to «So Teal depth “apparent _lepth+ fev aly and wale Sg = as Se EAs Bea SRLS, Bucy (Qy tb vet eth Total Internal Reflection “Supers von Fninpee 7 span a. ron ination GSP pon GUS, edhe, COR. © Ba point. object in tha. lunten, mation, bang tosh on ON, cranes Ais along soc Tomlld fangs ey ncient lrg oA tevin aug fom vont SU lg 2 esc gio ejchion ie geese je oh ioctl ad 2 Weeetbe itnToneseoue. Tn aC ample Sp Medence ee nl ng snc melts Tomes sola, fp ciel ‘ning at ah ae token S88 Bethy Soca, oh (Radel SEF phones SE SMUT ied Tota) Trteanad Refiect - ‘Tt 4b the phenome: veflechtn of Li wae 0 dean sere aceite hate inte, cen el aEssential Conditions for total intuina) Reflection — UD Light shoaldl Havel from a denser madtivm do a fas mectium Gd Angie of incidence in clensea_meckiuen shaald Frag beta cae earl ae lr ar OF RO ees Critical Angie - te) - The ompte. of incidence in tne clervser medium cnvepet ng Ta Mcitet i tena li Smtr te 9ey WP cabs Steed engte jor ee kate fa eet ar i teprstrdeal by ‘eed ibe value depende ot GER LS mh Sty woe dee Relation between Refractive index & Critical Angle when isc re od : Applying Snell's Law at Ass HieSing = th Sinoe! we = wae as ran eS gine b= clense, sg, tt supe gr aponrging, tebe od whe cetera ahr apritng tn, it Pigs gest Applications of Total Internal Reflection C1) The brilliance ef ctiamenel - The, bailliance, ef cliemond 4 clue to toled intemoal reflection ef Light for oUamend ts 2u2, tana! fen LE rae ts Galevlatedl Bom ay 2 tain is aut estat wpecer sens Zoro ites fechons gibt git Sa cat puny 40 tho ent ‘spond gin any. oa coe ana Gu “the etal ‘maltige Sal i vefechims. at valium fac anal vemlin within ee Bro Col dies et Cond Gah, enue the cond Spates @ Mivage- Miroge is an optical illasion eshich cecum vauatty et Giese SS aah a tne seat seats ee eet Sy ce eer ero a eek irr ong het auras day rembenntas spate penta 5 es Snail BSS Talc it Sl taeoe See cite ot Meat oe ts oe eon,mie Gael ith, LIP malik Masia valor Bn Ea babe Ly Lelphatedltey of foo et a Faticuler layer, when an Mi tedtenyoan the Cridicad an eo irene ey reaches! the obsetver alon: og Baliye ree a Bee te repens Oey eae A et C2 Totaly veplcting.ginss pais « copied prisms «ohicy fan tre Lit oAs basco! nie thendonenory of total fabernal rSffeckon 2 foc pss os 16 $0 thet ost ong tee Pe Eipie “ty Vaan Oe ll esr Fete Gent ite Cte geo th, fe aa eet Egat ge ti (4) optical Fibers - way, t09" fee fibers eae Seveta! thoi wang tea fon, gly gh ce pe Pigott oe ee Tog al oe OE Sennadli PLO Gad wthspie Sete Pee “etal iternal rection Ligh incident on ene end. of the bee at a sat he Acide! E09 ge, Adc Set a idles Uerasket es Sieur aihone Games eaested eed ts co Siaatess SN eB ahatea Sek Balin oe ee P inate fae ae! Ba GR ne ata oy tua Gin 3 tg Applications of optical Fibers - C1) Optica fibers eke used in transmission ened redbpiton Top ctechticad Signeald by conwenting Siem Beat See ight Spel: (@)_A bundle Heed fibers ig Coutect hi i ria ee cob tbat, bn Peage.< Hence” bt if Cad # epticel fil itt Pie Ei mebifead rnd optical enowiatons oh even the, nsceeitle penta’ of hanson badlys an bre eviieccanye O Cee fata S ces! Boa Coe Hphone “hesngen ito Tac tots of SrtbridySpherical Refracting Swafaces - A refracting surface which forms a past eb ashe Seer aser mateual 8 Gud There are tue types of spherical refmeting sunfeca- li) Convex Spherical refracting suagpee - Te ad Conver tones ray meclium sicle id Concave sphuriond vefmeting Suagace ~ TE as Concave towards the raver medium side. ae: (ou nN one we foe wr \ me . i oe © Tenportant Terms- G9 Pole CP) cphaicel veqmeth be ple SEE ob APhlEal rejmesing sun Gi) Centre of curvature (€)- The centve of the sphore of which the sphanical rpecang Tesjech ME, Bhan tte Sehece! sepecting, Sanson, Wii) Reclius of Curvature (R)- Radius of, the Sphere op sohith the Spherical refocting Susjece tas Me is, pads CEO, PES TP ety et Gv) Principal axis - TR Line paming thigh the pole ond the centre of 1 ok vefracting sunface erred SE ESN ISR as New Cartesian Sige Conventions - DAL) ctistances ome mneasirect he pole of the Spherical vepracting surface (2) The Histances measured fn the olivection of inclolince of Light ane takin as positive omel Fhe atustenca? malauned in a clivection opposite to TRE GNecHon of inciclence of Light sue fare OA ragetive Assumptions - GD The object consists, of & point on she peete SH Feet Ea cake ui tune of Spherical refracting Surface us > Tyctine oo focling suf ii) The, ineieend evel vefracted ways, make sal! GO te CR ne pain fa tote Spline ans ce Sothal Sint wit ard | sinyRefraction fom Rarer to Dense Mi convex sphrrical Refracting surface - (1) When the image is Real - TOF @ Spharical refracting sunjace XY fea varer medium of refractive index Mr a cease. meglio of refrocte, edih dn. pose the surface cs cemvex formads rover medium si Es Poke Ne peleh , C'be the cenbre of Canale and R= PC be AK Teclind” of cubrahine- excany 2 ahi int i lcletdet om Hy oerg oa at Li AL al 2» bending towarls the nora CAN. ThE tus refmcted rays athuly meet at I> which us the veal image ef 0. From A, draw Am perpendicular to 07 et) Laom = oma Laem ‘As external a trinnge do sun 4; wl ed Rit 4 Bday ie aon” Tle Lam = Bp -o Accoveling 4 snell's Law Mysad = usin r Myo = war (orgies ane Amat) ting. a9 D be pee my Caer eH Grp) fis gees sf ard vont #6 using ents de gph of te tate te ent Cn pr ign aay monte) mann mee re en (es +42) = ane) (4) = (ek) “Po FE ano ng mass Caatn gy Cavetont 5 ge Bee ee verning vefraction tree al 2g Pave shes@) token the image is_Virtual- The point object © im this Case dies on he paivaipal Fanis cle. deine gh “te sips SBS Pt obs Ro coatet FL” wocoal Grd is vefacted along AB. Another Ai op falling now on tne Ceti Raed SB cao cama, The reppacteat wap Aa cml Be do nok meet actually a Gry, perms but Uppean to Ceme porn a x te ent tetlge nepal eho. Ww Paton, From Snell's Law - Misind © Again ® or wii = ar —o Dems AM perpendicular to oz and Lat Lams & 4, Lamm: Boma Lacm= in aoc ie yta amd in Brac r= +P by putting He valu of bond rin in 29. we get Mulera) = an Cy +e) As angles ake semi , using oxtene > we gum[set me] * “+ Lke +a) / As apeatune lb small, Mat Ce toe | +m) le a using Note Hat this relation fs the Same as equation, token imnge formed is veal Refraction from Rarer to Dense mecliam ata concave spherical Refracting Surfa Sphericed refracting! SOadace XY FORE einecb eS aotale ate sver® wuld ch ight on ateating yom, 0 anor, refrrcton“ ata, Dasid tecinade tne? aeal eon oe Tefal nly on tne acfactog Sula “Eff ne telieg more Pam STB sm ve(rached aud 40, and PD clo ret Heh se og Wank AINE Ae dae i con From 8 pba Son the dep sce’ Tass Yin vival Fenige, ob the paint Yee O- Leh Obs cote, otis ewig eo, tee be Ta aoac , i= ¥-« and fm atac rey-B Putting Huse vedues ofp Lane y im the relation — yi = dor oy My Ya) = aa CY-R) As angles axe small, using @wkono, we get wife 28] = an [ane ~ ow aiGaem we] = waite - 42] Asm 2s chte sto P because of death pete Pe =k Loa [e-de] = [4-4] a a aint er FS we Using news cartalan sign Conventions — Pos -u 4, Prev, PO=-R Ma = Ay = AnRefraction From Benser to Rarer Meclium G)_At & Convex Sphurical Surface - Let P be the Pole oma © be the Unbe op were of o Sphirical refrocting, sunjoce 7. Trin turfoce 2 Convex townnels the vans macdiven and Separatek @ clenser meetin of vefactive inte Lin frm auivarer mechlurn of refractive index y= Clely dy > th Leh ahem pi ect bu au op Ess LE, SL gr ae Pa E eS ele a one Er a fe He ae ha ad ee the safety tafe, TysP end di reread ct ot On SRE HT age et ee BE “Ey biel 7 ae the el of brine ome refi fa po ital toa Behe ov ASini = aSiny do LBilE a oil Bo AER An sabinse Se Agi = yy Kn Ati, Aysiny siniat ond Sine Tn 4 tac, verte So thah Ma (Ya) = uu (48) From A drow Am peypendiculan te ox - As ovgies he small, So using Butane >ar 3H Hie [ant — AM] = At [ae 4 as or we TS] = nfl + 4] ince Aperhac of the refrecting suxface ia small, rere re frecting ssl SMe PG» MORRO and MTS PL eee sees sapling vs Catt Sgn comers + 4 = a a ‘ Ting wfaciog fren eee Tees Audis, hin aeeag sian fire “tatTRO Bg Spoink Seed ying on Fhe pion Seach Gace peta sled ae sep A, tou. ch ight, oF falling mat te Bi ee ta Sed pa ed Tre refracted Pc and AB do mot ae mest at ang poind’y bast aban sto tavte fromm c pont Thus 2 daltne virtual image of the poinh chject 0. Tn a one, i= ree ond in a TAC ve ree Putting these valus of t and y in the elation Atte yy m4 r48) fusing On tone 5 we ge = [Rat + a = a he ar) seca: apesune da pails Je chan Hepat oe Ce she] = Lk de]Me ky Mp ys Po "PE ee tee Fe Using new Sign Comentions we gel- Pos -u , Pr=-v , POaR Lenses. A lense ts a, tranapanent sefmeting meciven aime by Sess Sphaiced chafeens Of Sac Opretcad mje SATS Ti pa gee a Lensen he clavialeel into foe clavtat — Convex ov Converging Lens Scone, lense 2 that rohich is thicker fn tee wlio SEINE Fae ecgge These ors of thren Aypes - Concave or Diverging Lenses - ‘ A concave Conse da Hhimmer in the miele cmd Faicker ar He edges. These lenses are of tree types - XJImportant terms relate to Lenses - @> Principal axis Ft eye seit ne ping atomagh tno tec Hg Sea ttt fang cheagh he eon The Rae (@) Optical centre- piel 2 rote on. snipe ot BEEPS Mo SPIE net su techy Peel tee Lit Sh gee Undeniated sn yyout ony JLalokal elfen (2) Principal Foeus - token a beam af Light is imeidanh on a sans ino Sheree achud PS a el Pa, Ep cag tear St rece se Se oleae, WE (2 Stee Se i Pesce SEL ake es Coase ar i yo ine er pe moe mes CF =f Apertine - rune of a lens is the effective clinmeter ob its Light matting aniaLens Maker's Formula - Lt is a valation that cemmects focal Le of a lent to vadtins of cuawalune ob he hoo sinh, GE the Lenk ond wefracttre inden ef He matehiel aerate Tre Lens maker's formula is Useful ta sigging Leste” op cstv feat Lingin wing Sue medtexial™ andl sufas of suitable radius of Cantar New Carte ign_ Conventions - CD AN clishencan ane mensuaad fom -the optical cone oh the teas speed os Gh) AN the distances mantionsd fa the incidence of light ant danan am all the altsbovces” measuatd in & Jae ctivection op Incidence of Light ane taken as (i) For a comer Lins, § th positive ond for a concave lank, f iv negatives Assumptions Gi) Tre Lens is thin so that olistrncts measure! prespatee top US" othe’ Sate eneas! Hai fe He Caathnats yom the. Splfeal” cenhe” of the Conk GI) The object consists on @ poink Lyng on the pRincpel ais ep tne Carat © PM Na UD The apentine of the dens 8 small (0 The Toeielent way cmd refracted ray make s emg ii ne Opnctped ants of Phe aneDerivation of Lens Maker's Fermula for Convex Lets — 1A Conver leng ia mace up of tye convex site eta cae Pgs x Tn figuae Ply Pa ans the poles, Cy Co ant the, contre oh” davatune ‘of tow Sunfuau ef a thin Comex lens xy Molt eplical conhe od © vk g te the wee ine oh the mated of ae a 2 Sa “Oe ER ieee ta te tea Ay + Cann a pent, ey tha pip aes tne tg OMS Pa ORS a ttt fear 2 ay SHIM stg fete 9 ai Arwen toy incised on ue long on rofnc t ng Vad TASS SET Sie OL UO EE ge vate he a Fee ar eee acy Ste Me Pet Et UNG, eg, sola mug, tn eS ee Eee eco ae, Ae the refcton scat jon raver fe durur medio BE he afrctin seman pen a 2] — © Lokme CL BARE My CRAG = Ry compo e-u)Actually, the lense material a net cqutinuewa fed aa OS crcl sens Tne te ak (real irae. fb, formed ‘fret egracton iy sash af he. stcpnd suscfoce XP, we Om JI Et 8 viral eget ener real “tage Therefore C1) eh =), be Cxemtov ma Let Bay be the Tadins of cuwahae of second Sunjace of Hae Lens A Reaction is een taking. pie fy emu to rarer median dhencpre BAT eS Ae EL = ae netting yD ot © we pe Ae Aes Cannan (4 > = Ge MOK. 45) “(4 -4) Pat M2 2 4 = rafmetive index of maleninl with, a aa Se Sotinng vmaten oicch othe aft of lene in ab Infinity, ge SS OS Roe an CE me sans ten Thas da Hoa. lens makers formula,Lens Maker's formula cencave Lens - tig the same Os the lens maker!s formula fo eodhe aa 5 Ge) CR a) Lens Fermula - Te is, a yelation Lahocan fecal length eh 4 long ore eal ject ora rehege foR yh (A) Convex Lens - clepencting on Tae” paitlon of ase, Lajees TM! OF irked G) Real Lterege - cal conte pencipal a ae Tes aE ed longi Cees prin Ra PRS fed fg a veal oman ard fnwertecl image aba! sa aes ® agin A Rae and 2 ODE aL silan , 20 Aol. pe!Gt cp= Aa Se - asl = sol —@ From 69, © amd @ we gue Sal - fol = coer ee "Ter oF Using nets Coateinn Sign Conventions — eT a ye ee SF Xe we ay va = -uv sug oe “ve up ug Divide both shes by Uy we gel— T £ Thi oun Fae CORE Forrmda, Gi) Virtual Tmage - Mee glee he eh na hal ch tee ay wanlties Whe Shee ea ae need ce ee eaten ort Crtte ime 8 fom i Agsin os A Alalr amd cor aa aimilas \se Hob,Sut cD= AB Se asl i ge from 7 O4 © me ph cals ie. calaee ce ote co Using ness slim Conventions , wre pet — ca sul ee YS ere oF ug = vs clevieling hota Sista ley uvy joe get Lens formula is the same whether image is real DA convex tins ob refractive indax be has Sei bans into Calcadaie a drnge Se lan Beal angen, chan 24 aa immed wae Paci ec 9/3! “Sol. Give that Mp hey hn 2 Ys Fy New =e + ag ms ak) = tes =1) Cy Bot ee 4K dae ania = rem Change in focal Lungth (B) Concave Lens - 72~t8 = S#em, Tn tis Cone, the image formed a ays virfualy whatever, be KE position af the Let © be tha optical cenbe and F be the principal focus ob a Coneave Lens of facod lenge & Feo. is an cbject held cular. to the principal is of the lena A” Vin fll 9lerbed and smaller Vonage 8 Fume dae Se Nefsctin Tong Ea Pe oui As Balde andanze are Similan cee theb. J's! = ce ® AB. eB Again as A Aletr amd A ene ant similor- Aa! = BF 33° OF Bat coe ne soma sel de® from equation QD md @ ca’ cele 2 ef-s! cB F oF Uieg: Bee Staion Sip Geyverdiong | me Bahvg = uf —u uy = up vg duvide beth Sikts by vf, we get T2274 piv Tt ds the vequiveal Lens formula * Note that Lens formula is same wheter. tre lens Ek Conver ov Concdve- A double Comex duns oh reece GP irate is hao ate bem aban oh ‘3 cong jet ean an Sd pte aad at A Polistence of 2s Cr pron HL lara Boose of peels 2 oe or Sth Given that RB, = 30m, Ca ee pars FGA EY = be-p(he 8) R= 306mg HEL a> $28 = Bom Givens ue 13cm Using. ies cquaion “4 o 40 geyrificection protuescl by a Lent ix olebinucl as the vedio af the size of he dmoge CI) to the size of Ha abject (0) Tt is reprerentest by mm m2 Wslea ob Twoge (AOD. Size of objet (Aa) “0” Tn a cenves lens, shin image” forrest 12 real yb Shoin in figue, than k ro eee Ala! ca’ AS oy ee mek ee — o fw Tiss in enyvek ents nay mapifention ts pve, = pifictn pst:vorknuoSERAE gage Poet Ss alongs se Ala! . ca! AB <8 Hence thaiba ge Heaton Inn Cate of @ Concave, Power of a Lens ~ (P) ragnt feng on acd Obs Sarath sree ater BLA GN oth eclipse a Accening 40 lens _roakers formu $= eR &) ~ For & Converging lent, power is positive and fer a eiverging Tene, Spowens a magative H The Sz unit of power is clioptre (>) 4 clioptre - A cteptte us the pene ef a lens af focal length one meter. + when fit in em a |Soe Seas come eect. Sb ae from om RH? yfeanm,, wexe FG (&~ ke) dy -be0(b-&) -2 % ete = Joo saree log Ra cas m. A convex lens mace up ob vefrachve ‘index 2 rs is dipped in est ae i 23 a medi of pee ett ves iy 2 ea 3 Bee es ase Se pe ie ae Ee iin the duo Coser 2 ‘ek from, lank Baie sawale $ sl4-104 - &) Fey Ax Uy < Hin for the first medi of refractive, tus Be AE pci fi He id main 1) Rf Hence, Hee vakie focal sill be. ive. nL fine meee ee ome Sate a the diverging Jun for the first medium. The value of focal Length f will be positive In escescon! Halles te Mae Naren pk hood Te Smegin dat aeTS) A beam of Ai Conenges at a point P. A SE Concave = Fecel Jongh, 16 cm. = pheed 1 2) ig the. 2 cm. Soom p Drow 4 gram vad, find the.” locostion point ad Vihich the beam wold now hatte. Pa sol 4 é 7 de > veragem virtual oie at P forms ad p! which ce 48 Om from the, ee ae Se Be i Kb tne abet on the screen Ja formed by Fe Sven. Lenk Anakions ; sepanatest by neem. Crlelate ac hes eT gt ob Fi a Sole iu object, scorer, object and screen ane lovcm. from each other. Ut V = 100 om © Dae 40 rovontble iomge of Ligh vous 20cm. aFrom equation © ond © we gu- v= 6 om 5 2 40 em News using fens formula - Peek > Free) rhe Ph bed DS $2 a4em Bhim oe yiven three Lenses t,, la and Ls each Boh feat “ems an ckjech le Kept oon BE bake Seca hin cll te Stpteiea ioein “ty gtr Get'use Sab Fee Lens by mee Ue -istm and = tere nistince Sp ange pcs ty he Sot wen te fine Wevieen sana wat hee Tee fetes fom, an og Spates met, frm, tame ts bees rer reg epet ans a pone only chr tag fore ht ete Pee Ae eae este s teem eon te SS cy Re eeQl pilin Gu map feed Fmd Sry ota wr ySs Rint tee a “tt ce ite Sok fev dens of focal Jangth joem - J > tfotm, us-aeem ch eam BiEP 2 Bee-ts vik 3 Vv tisem a! woe fe Mia ig Biel BS oxo Re hee! Fer plano-concave Link - Uso 5 fe -lotm Heme. by using lant formula - * a ak woke off usm 4 fe asem pet-h 2 be b-dy 30 ems Vv * de > Se the final image forms at a distance ‘Boom. pe ee See BhCombination of Lenses Contact Tn various opticod instremends , we er mere Lenses art Combines! to G) Trerease the magnification ef the image Gi) make the final image erect wort. the object Gi) vecluce certain aberrations (be dejects of Images by single lens) Te obtain the position, size, amel nodure of the final image, preducta by & Cominadion ob Lenses, we first find’ the imoge oft ject formed ©: Wet find ge ject for t This i: je acts as am object for the second Jens omel wwe ts image. Te i formed b ft 2d deals te trea, eee fone ns oma So en. Focal length of Equivalent Lens (a> Both Lenset are Convex - Lat Cy 4 Ca be the opHeed centres of Heo thin Convex Lenses” Lys omd La ‘hell Co- axially in Contact with each other in ain. Suppose fj ool f, ane Heir respective focal length tr be Lat @ point object © be place on the Commer) Prindpal axis at~a clistane. 0c) =U. The Lens Ly alone ould form its image at Ti whe cyt! = vi.From the tens formula. ered —© £! vould seve as a virhial elject for Lent Lay Reh Pint Spin WGN wish dee em 8 As the Lenten ats thin y thnafeve for he Henn Ux Us Gt Gees fer ‘tie lent, firma for ba af an chet ad olittovse ti fom the lene Te eve _— from 0 @ orci © , wegel FORK er r= ase aie (b) One lens is convex and the other is concave Th ich the fecal lengin af conver lens and fy ab fodly Leng Pent NE, Su Me cr fied fear ama fee SeeThere ons three Cases arise Conse Li Ih die da jthen f= 0 The combination tows Behav Like @ plane glass plate cane 1h 417 dayton 6 oa negative Traresore tad coe ae Laie ad dl cencave lent THE acl iecttD ee “Lg Kose 3: Zh Si < fa thin F dy positive Trursfore he Seobfnation’ wuld Chews ana tomvex Teed focal Langit "off onved temk Is someon Note- G) Th the lenses of focal lengths fyand fone hpkel ee, lee 3 pelea Ledge FRR GA Gi) Total ower of any number. of Lentea in contact 4s equal 3 wale sam af the powers of ified ‘tes, ——— P= Pit Pat Pn the, sum of the dura, on right sice is pasitives the Sysicm’” of “lenses wwacel belle Lite Convex Th the sum of the tums on side ia negative, a system ef Moa ‘tsa Tal a Bene. *Optical Instruments A paism is @ portion of a transparent madi, bended by shoo Tene Fok incline do eeh other at a a seit on AB&e and ACRP ane the too refa- > SR gle A bedween them 1s the rejecting angle. fe rage aN prism Prism- The Ling AP where the thee vefactin Jee meet is callid th rofeding "gee A secton aac of Pram mote nd ° pane vighl angles. Yo “ine refreclin ea ob the prism is Paintipal section of tne aise — through @ Prism ~ oh Light suffers two vefractions on pas! seg 6 Side Htth cb, fem cafes ey angle prom ee onipinal path. G) Calewlation of angle of cleviation - . En figure ape is paimeipal section of a prism with angle of prism = a. a di KL 4a inciclent on the face Ao $ the prism bt Lis! st ia refracted along LM at C7 benling Fowords tm normal no.The refroctesl my UM is inclolind ab La on fact Ac oh the prism TE benels away from normal he and emerges along MN ot Liss ‘ Tr paming through the prism voy KL suffers does vefeidan okt hes Bed sage an faa Se, hich “da the angle eh elusation. In Api Lut + Lem. (i-n) 4 (a-n) 8 = Chath) -iatn) —@ Im Som, eotnary = lee -—-® In quadnilateral ALM » 5) a Get ee 2 ae ss each, empl ib ° pa See et miedo Using equation "@, cet Him 2 Ate Feneal —® Pat in 09D &=Gsu)-1] —@ Th MM ds refractive Inds ef tne materiel of the Plismy coat thon ceecing Bo alts ta t= Sint 5 iy (jokin angles ore sa) Sm F 7 ay Swilewly ty 2 a, equation @) we gu = Gi tum) — 0 2 MO) =A by using <4 @ we gu 8 + uA & = Geiya —® This Ja thecengle Frrmgh which a ray cluintes on powsing teil a thins prism of smal vefacking Ale A+ MloLzor naDeNcE Tr the minimum cleviation pasition, As fete ythofore ne ta ey then fom equation ©, versa ree From e9,@, Bs isina Ty is refractive index of the prism cond air Wen by sets) Lows, west g) [ae RED ‘sine ‘Sin Abe Trin velation JA cabled Prison formula « Tt Jy used for acsnat deberminadion of refmelive nlx of @ fanpeunk medium ep scien fhe prism maeDispersion ef Light - iA +he phenomenon of splitting of a beam vp ou AP aE ch i fet a acs ae Saf deta eae St an lr et oy Yellow Cv), Orange(©) and Raa CR) andl can be en by HA toed “viaever. s | 3 t aT Oe Cause of Dispersion - Each Geloun hod bs own voavelengrn (29 According to te couch formula, refesctive index CAD eh mateial cupends om pavelingin LA) oh ghee weary BOR] (eres Clown J Wow dl ch madeial eb prise Ja clifferant for olifferent relengtha As fogle oh cleviation is [es @riya fas Med paiam Ja abifecrd br eiferird colby thoadeve ‘clifererd Coleus cevinke through diffrent amgih on panting. throng die palsm. Tha Ja the Cause ob clapeation:As Ava < Ant thanafore Hat > Mead viet > Sred Le, maximum olusindion for violeP colous end minimum Aiviakion de for red Caloun Hence, Argulen_Dispe Arar lis) ion duce! by o ism for ute QTY Satasing eee 2 eee for ei AES te Stone te a 4 Anquan dapoaion = Sy & AS By =(y-)A ond Ba = UJ) A Hence By = Sa = Ura = eda yo Be = Cee YA Dispersive Power Cos) - | Et daginad a8 the vaio ctiper din deg eed te my of et dig Tt wepretented by 0© faust 9A fee's 3 ae sik ons Bb che SE 52 han phism Js edited ad angle ob minimurt dutalion Phen ne siniGiven that - My = 3, Since Leo, Ab the interface Ac, we have Ovconding te snell’s lao et in y= M8 Syi =o ab ico See ges (Fe) hen y0 This toy pom umefocted at Ac inbafoce ond reds Ao tte By He clngiam ne tar ace org op incidence becomes 30° Tras applying Snell low Sina. Me og “ne OR 3 Se = Sind Thus @ = 60 (ongle of emugence) @ Tree Foye veel UR)» green (6) and blue (o> BEE au ddr on 2 vi jeol Prism abe at PO on Ta patie tillaa “Pie Seta oy ake prism for ved grean cmd bus lavelangths ae 15%, fn ord t47 sepechvcly. Out ap the three hicks Celowr “roy will emerge cut > of face ae? Tran ke pth of thse vou aie pong” Freight abs i is ey Sermatng,eole oh eine) att te Liat suffer ‘hlal inferalvefation for thich thin sfc ice 3 guste than bel mye t > ibe > Sind > sinke ° Sin ac > Sinle : Se i oe : sas ‘sinke Homey here ak * Total infernal vejketion taku plu an ac for vays Mode staa- Hen green ond blu Suffer intal internal reflection coherent “veet undago refraction, amd veel Colens rey. ill emeage out of face acSimple Microscope ov Magnifying Glass A sienple microscope Consist of Cenvengin: dons oy OE ener meat Sooging ta pel doa Lert 4 vet ot orci! Jos ob tue a er oupcie fl tre, tee fe ol oe alko callid a magnifying glass. —-y fh Let on object Ae is held behoern optical cenhe ¢ and paitdpal focus Fob tre, Jang. poape Gieulan do sia! printpal axis, A virhuol, crcl sed ani fies) en Aes 4k formed as traceal in The, eee ar en eam Eg we Magnifying pass of @ single micmscape ia defines ad dncd Me the rake” Ch the angie, Sblende BPH Sete and Ba hjecd on Sue tage’ hon bak aie abtae “Least clistonee ef clstine? vio fm eye Lut Lad sp ond Larcal sa. By Abinidion, — Mogrifying Posen (my = 2 for small angles tanB we Hence tm and tmp Tn ance tonp = AB. im a Ade Hence mz AB, col ee" She From dans formule - Multiply both sicus by v o ¥ or ~ F bub ve -d Thik Hee expremion fer magnifying power ofa Tegdht setae foe maa pom of ® As f cherestet 5 m incveoaes Le Smolen the focal ob the Lens, greoder is its mpnityng’ pote:Compound Microscope - ‘A Compounel mitmnscope Consist of +40 Conver ep ae TS ah os Fock) length and short apeuluas ond an ey piece E Bf modiiake focal Lugth and lange aperture. The eo funtes ase held Co-axially af the fee erds of a tube ad a. suitable fixed” clistonce om each then: Thy. chenee of tre cbjechie the object can be adjuated by rock ond Pinion’ Skxangemint: Leb Ae ik 2 ding object held perpendicular to the ptineipal axis in front ob Hae objective: Lens Seyord ts. pemeipal foo, Uh A Hal, ireland col rege Mel of this object ia formad by the cbjective fant How Nal acts as an object for the eye tansy wohase position is So adjusted tat Ald lich beter optical cenbre cs af aye Lang eck fe A Virtual ond megnifizel image by the eye Lente This image aa oct tort. Als) but inverted wet Ne RE pty ge OSes det RAY oo. Brat es A ecg te eee mE ee sm abit Ske Tee ete tht ek ghetee fyi Power 2 Compound mics ore pO Re a bak SE Teta ae by the Final image to the ongle subtendel of Ye be the cbjech, tahan beth Fre final bmoge hee Seen ep i Ee cistincd Viton frown than eee in y CoB" =. Tmagin the object AG do he syed $2 gg as at ase cde pas Se net ot Lee ot fee Mogni fying power (m) = & Fav Arnall angles, ot = tank and B= tenp m = tens Ene In 4 Aisle, pia g eal a face ate ze Th a Asie,New We Know that mes (1+ 3) whine dis cB" = feast distence of dishinct cmd fy os he. focal Lingih of eye Lins Also me » £8 7 GS Hence Magnifying poser length of; micrescpe tube Lt Vet le Tf the objec Aa iss very clase de Fo 5 Hussboe= We 2h =F As Ald ia formeal very clese do eye Luna, therefore Ve = Cia! x cen = Ls length of micnscqe tube Powweges | me = 8008) = (8) Note- is ns mogutyng prams mn i ugesive the Se ee ee ete Ui) For dange mogrifying power J, ond 4 both oe ee ts ae ett ‘goals tram fe $0 tod Field of Vino may be. IA compound mierrscope used an objective Lens TOF fotal durgin 4 em ond cyepiece Lane of focal ungth “oem: An ckject is phced ab €om fron the dbjective dunt. Calculate the. oe, 4 Compoune microcepe Also Sel: Given that - em. fe = 10.em + Ue -6 em, Fie ohjective tons - > Lek qiute > Magnifying Perce (on) = mane (ag) oor Length of microseape = [Mil sluel fow eye Sons @ Ve s-25em, fe Iocm by donk formula 1 wie “i Ue = =p Lingth of micrscope = 12 + 714 Le toseAstronomical Telescope - An astronomical telescope is an optical Instrument hich ois used for cbserving olistinet Tarages of heavenly boskies Like sans, planets ete Ti consist of Jo lensed, the objective lens which is of lange focal Lengriy Grd Lange aperture anc the ege dihs which Is anal Lugth and Small Capestin The. two Lenses are mounted Co-axially at the fee ends of fe two, babes The clases, Leben the” antes Con be adjusted wing a vack and pinion arrangement (i) Normal Adjustment - LaF & poxallal beam of Light from an astvonemical object (at ingivity) 1M made 4o dal on the objective Junk of the delascope. Zt forms a real, inverded anc climinished Image Ala! of the chject. “The eye piece in So acljustect that Xa! Ts at oe ede a final highly magnified image ib fowned ab infty The final image ain erech wt. A'at and a inverts fords tke eljeedMagnifying Possca eh cn attvenomical debsage tn noel ne Bee ey ee ge OE Re he gas Be ih ag he at ae eh cbrectly; han the final Image and ta! object The al jwite clatwre pom Se eye fs the object tit at titonces Headpre, angle. slbtendad ty the ablech atta i SE a etn Fae eng obtehc Oy te Ghject atc, (because, Cy Gs chte ste Cs). Leb th feng he uSeyee | «Coming pom the final tage eb bf rate eee Ee Pig ies ot bits Mognifying power om = Be As omgies ate. Small a= tone p= tana m = tone Tm a Ade, temps Aa/ese! Ta anc, tena = Aal/aet Hence om = Alo, co! = cya! cael “nel “ent or [ megnifiving Peeves. Gm) = Fnegabive sign oh m inclieales Had final image 2 Wetoaed 2% f * dungth of the telescope [C= th % Thak tm Imerease magnifying power oh an aaonoicat 1 otscate So wonnsal tbl fecal Sy objective anh Should “be Lange’ and fical tingid of eye ins should be smabteNete- Tn normal adjustment of dulestepe, clislance hetiesn tae sbjective Lenk and aye Lana = ok. (ii) When the final Image i formed at the least istance of clistine (a) from the, mifying- Pewer. ef an astronomical tele see 2s EEO Pe ob oo, stem cae See mel fe pe aa of casi ab So a oe eas 2 Cae Aaya ty pe a As the objechiis very for eff ond 6,6 one Chie by angle Subtendil bf the object on the eye at 6 Dh abinast the Same ch the. aigle sulstended “by Gato: Lat ab bea ZAG ca and te 2 plea! PP, wh cya ed mageifying Power (om) = Be As angles ox and fo ant small 4 thuncgore — va m = tan & om aeTn Adda 5 Tanda , Se that- ms AB! ohne fa fecal a distance ob Ae Hence, % Negative sign of magaifying paser Indicates thak find) image invan Gelisedpe ia invertecl. dungth ob the telescope [C= fe tue H por tage, oping pote, fs ma A on Be len eae ire ten rat oe ae ce pestle 2 kt sara rb reek tice Spent yb Macdving Gowen of tne, cent? me = ~£ (1+)Reflecting type Telescope (Cassegri It & an improvement over sis refrctin Aulescope y objective Lint is replaces a fae thscore 2 okie doe 26 ete Gripe, eee fag semen The mage formed is much bright and the retng age Til oa ne Meeting, ape Repeal oy Yekstope is Knonn as Campanian telescope on the name of 4s iments A lectins dales wos clusigmed init vy neni “BPP Aas, seg wae, ed itty Tm cllagnim C ik @ parabolic concave, veflecbr about 200 ick ape tah @ naviow hole ee conde. Panallit rays fom a clitent stae entesing the Aeluscape in a dlincclion ponalld do principal anid af the mieror fend fo Cellech at the fotss ob the miner Bud Huse reHleckecl Toys eneaunier 0 secondary Conver whrrer B befor mecting at the focuhs The Convex mirror Yefiects Ham ante the aye pitee sand the. Foal image is tein through at eye piece The final image as sean by the eye piece ime fe! inset, tn ta te coe pa noma asjatmonty maprfgng pawn oh rete maf tole R ib Yadius of Cowalune of Concave sefiechor Nesstonian reflecting -type Telescope- To pools Gen ay Tig coming gam se ang all Sage) ahh cing, ee totem et rebel tage pects cums eector 6 on ts pie ire ce Pee eae oh ate has te Fede me ge he roe patel tse oe nd oe ros vit Hea Belt ots pegs ont the Glistinctly by the eye Advan Thane di no chromatic. amd spharical aberration clue #0 use oh mirror chjective in_ploce of fants Gi) Tmege is brighter as Com to vefractir iciesdpe one ign seston is achelted of ay a mitror of Ledge. apevhuneVery Teportant Questions AL Mark Guestions- Stace Re lrg oj nee. on an ES teh ate Sos gs G2. Neme the cad wtity vohich vemains same for Mare ite papi iy ich emi, Soe Oe ee ton dus» beones em, inn wl anti 9 ons n h i cee cage, oot ns dl (oani 290) 24 hin monodhronadic. Lignt taavels from one mudiion fe anothers ats wavelength changes bad fpequrty rosie the some Explain (oem 2a) QS. The refmetive index 4, diamond id much greater we aon eee dot # Cease a0) ee Ihe 4 is pasate a rarer toa debe dat, Ie eas bie, tres Choe seny GL state the. esiteia for the, phunemtnen of total intend pcan Sy gh ae ie ‘ecto cae) Gt A tine behav an a comeing dink trait bo Silat, bane, 00 5, Cammenga Cee ee Ne conpin pm eal cae Moore aye as wh elots the Sky opp blue ? ic) —— CEBSE 2010)BUD. When Light bevels pom a rarer $9 a danter meckium , He Spear clecrenteh: Docs His clecrente, I Speed imply a decrease in the enngy carviel Pe Phat yt pment (Rese ase, e856 2010) Qu A glows Lens of vefechve Index Las, es ches teepered ee el ive los oh vefreclive indus eh Sou Liqusd? ae nase 2206;Delk son) Gun, Coleulele the speed of light fn a medium sohose critical angle iu 30 (pein aeee) GS. Under what conclition dete the formation of rolnbows “oceun 7 (ase 200710) G4. Tuoe thin dented of pore +60 ane -2> are i Contact. that ik the focal Length of Hse Combinakion? CeQSE 2008) 10) Bas. why axe Convex mirrors used as Aide Views mirrors Tn Cows ? (delhi 2008) clés A Converging lens ob refractive Index 1s da Og a Byala Rory ae teeters hed Wowlel be Fre focal” Langlh of Hoe tens in tris medium ? Delhi 2008 mun. foe (panies) AT, Hews does power of the conven Lens vary» ‘the incident ved Light i replaced by violet ple? Cease aeor) BIB: Explain ith reason uahy the sun Leeks reddish, ad heater gene? (CRose zee)2 marks Questions Bl. A vay of Light, tncelend on an equilateral glass patarn NAb RS tmoven paraiso te ooae Loe Of Phe pram Seaide tt. Find the angle of Indice der the my (meni ana) peso os 6 Sine An cbjeck me is kapt In front cha concave mivor an hain in Pique (> Complte th may alingem showing the lmage- Gere se mg grr ing te tg (e) Hw call) the potition and Talenaity of Hef be affectec! if the Lower half of the mivro's| Yeflecting surfoce 2s paintect Black ? Ansieer= (o) The pecition of the, CCMSE 20m, Rae eC) mage remains seme bu intensity of Image cleaetes Ga Draus a cliagram showing He gormatton of primey Fainbots and explain ot echat emgles the palmar, ainbowo da visible » (Cosmin) Gus THe vacliud of Cwtomtuae ef the faces of a double. convex lens, ors 100m: and Isc. Z} foced tangth of the Jena 1s nem: Fined the refrmctive Tndex oh the mmalerial of the Lins * (cate re, 09) Answer eae QS. A Beemer lens hos a focal Length 2/3 Limes the Yodias of cnmsature of ether suniace- Calewkle the efiective inex ob Lenk mated “ pounen EE (Bent 2004, 1) Gs. Find the Packlus oh Chnwahone of a plamconvex len; echose. focal lingth is ow amd te rebmcive iroek pte aint Up te dune ee Araner R= ISM, (Baki 2004, 10) 1 GD Violet calor is seen ab the bottom of the, Spectwum cohen white igh a clisfersedl by © Brim wong? (b> Give the formula thal Cain be used ty cteteamine, Yefrective. Welen, eh malta) eh © prism In minim claviection Covelition Cease ans, gnc ne tee, ese ok eh cbr i no A a pagar (inge of incidence |33'[ se" ae [see [ar] SS VEeees cove gate hese 9 pny et ar ee ¥ Fe lst mg vag ob light Thrgh Sihaa’ prion tahun the ob Se gen Sa 9, State the principle on skich He working ab on cpital fiber ik based. tubal ake the necessary conditions for thin phenomaron 40 occu > Cease aves) uo. whet 4s the welodion behseen critical angle and vefmctve ivcux ef mdenia) 2 down ortieal angle legend on tne calor oh Lat? Cggse ana)Gil, Calculate He distance of an object of height h from. Concave mirror opp See em, So as 4 obtain © veal image ef magnification 2 Priwen= 2 =Sém Cent 002,08) iis, mee 9 ony cngumn im sins oe feral me eit Te tea te aro te gen fg apd Crepe) cy stbech de covcteal ? (ease 2003410) Qin, Devs a dabetled yoy cllagrom of an aasimerical falescop tm the rune point poridion. Ubcte Hue Sepeetlion for She mageigying pooeh Cease ae) Sk Brews a Youy cliagram an astronomical telesc Inthe woemel odjedtrnen sections Shake. ke dbwlak fe pe pee Ss sen) Qs. Dew a Yay cliagwom of Campana micmsiope iathee He elieion for iis apy poses Cras 208) om pre comaaen ob gullet eae veflecting 4eliscope » (@elhi aos, 08) GIT Dew 2 debellid ray clingmm oh a reflecting pe dilanrps. tarite ie neh ore nlvergs ake Tefracting ype Atrlescore- (pethinese) 3 Marks Quustions = SL Define power oh A tens. waite tte unit edie the relation eda Jor two tin Lartes Kept fry cone conta” Cog aaa. > Q2. Stade the neemary conditions for producing Jotad inferno) reflection oh Light: Draw reg diagrams 45 shew how speclatly clusigned prisms make ube eb dota) internal veflection! to cbtain Tnventedl image ef the object by ‘clesindion vayse (2) Trrouph 36 and (7 Thvengh Bee Of Coens aa) G3. With the Alp of suitable vay llegram, dale a “rehiion behvtart he ceed Mam (2. clistence CV) ond radius oy cunucdtune R for Me Coven Sphunieal surface, ushun ray of Lighc a Seon mere elmck mations pce ete Case aoas, 10) GU A yoy of Light Jd inclelnt: on one face of a gon Taller See emergea O8 yor tha. often fame Tce. tha path, of the ray and dive an exrsin Tefactve Brox 0 pals fr Fe Te ese oon) BE hy object of 2em height ib plaud at a arc oh em heat med, focal Jungin ism: Fined He nahwne, Petition and Be of the Image formed - Ceose 200) G6. With te hulp of 9 suitable diagram, clanive wines anu fav conaie, oe Cease 2003)TA tank ia Filleed with winder do a height of IU cm. The appakent oupth of 2 metle lying at ht bottom ob the anki maasuned by @ ics Jo te Seem. torah Ja the vejeoctve index of vost? Th wader Ja ceplaced by a Liquid 0} refmetive, bndex 1 Upto the tame Aeighh, by cha! listanes tould tre microscope have tobe moved to focus on the masalle again ? C Dethi 20a, 03) Answer" 2-48 Em. 8. The velocity ob certain menochomasic Light fra Fiery, Pree ation aa aan ct os nt LA) Critical angle of incidence amd 6) “polarizing ongles for tis muclivm ? Prsner- (o> lee sit Loree) Coace aa) (> tps Laat (nse) Gs when a vay of Light powtes “thveugh 4 prism, Find out the celodion for the total aliviation 6 in ‘teams oh the angle of incislenea Land emgle 9b emurgence e- Flot a graph shotsing the variation of angle ch cleviakion urith Fhe angle oh Incidence. and btn Phe Condition for the! forge ©} mininn cbesiction (ROSE 2008.03) arses feequanay of a beeen of uttvaviebet caffecled whan A geet joven alr inks glus? Bi ot fee el a pulted sKost “minimum cluiation of as. Calculate the speed oh Light hwough tre glows pais Posen ve aun niet ms Cease 2807) QL Cay Draw @ ray clingram to shows that image formation by a Concave miryor when He ckiech La Kept behiean its focus cad the. pole. Using thia clingram , clanive toe. mmgnifiention formule }er dhe. image Jormeck (> Figure shows 9 Convex spherical surface tsith Gente cy Gwe Cy iepnatng tan met Of Febmctive index ny and na- Draw a ¥: c pect ae oa aah Se shject Yo Lying on the principle ats. Desive the aebimahipTkthueen, Ha object aml image cite in Yeams of repective indice’ of the media ama the vockitth oh Cunwabune Rob the manbnie. » (cose 200,11) G2. Dake the minor equation using He my Ligon sae aay soa eg tay bp G3 Safi ns Sl hlg. poenk he Ualctanars ly om tse ecvondnyes of 0 reflecting telatcpa over a Yefracting pe {oe Sas) iogram for formostion of funage of anid pele tee ky Spate coms en Tel of inyas Ry ond te el hance. ee tens mekeré formula (e) Th a convex lend of focal soon is pleced in Diet tally ie tan oh Sa ey Se Pad ne erlith eS uname” eke Dt Se ate) a. Draw a vey