Year 9 Science Revision Notes PDF
Year 9 Science Revision Notes PDF
Periodic table
Location of elements in the periodic table
H = Group 1, Period 1
Li = Group 1, Period 2
Be = Group 2, Period 2
O = Group 6, Period 2
Na = Group 1, Period 3
Cl = Group 7, Period 3
Ca = Group 2, Period 4
Fluorine is the most reactive halogen and then reactivity decreases down the group.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different
mass numbers e.g.
Carbon Carbon
Atomic/Proton Number (in the nucleus) 6 6
Neutron Number (in the nucleus) 6 7
Mass Numbers (Proton + Neutron Numbers) 12 13
Sub-Atomic Model
Electrostatic and Electricity
Note: Law of electricity states that like charges repel whereas unlike charges
attract. This can be demonstrated by the diagrams above. The arrows show the
direction of the line of forces which are directed away from positive charge but
directed towards negative charge.
Electrical resistance is the opposition to the flow of electricity in a circuit. When it
is high, the current is low and vise versa.
Covalent and Ionic Compounds
Note: The presence of two oppositely charged ions results in strong attractive
force, which makes electrovalent stronger than covalent compounds.
Precaution: Ethanol is heated in water bath rather than on direct flame to prevent
fire accident since ethanol is highly flammable.