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Unit 1 JSP

JSP (JavaServer Pages) is a technology that helps create dynamic web applications. It extends the functionality of Servlets by adding features like expression language, JSTL tags, and easier separation of design and logic [1]. A JSP page consists of HTML tags and JSP tags. It is translated into a Servlet class, compiled, and executed like a Servlet [2]. JSP offers advantages over Servlets such as easier maintenance through separation of concerns, no need to recompile on changes, and less code through built-in tags [3].

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43 views

Unit 1 JSP

JSP (JavaServer Pages) is a technology that helps create dynamic web applications. It extends the functionality of Servlets by adding features like expression language, JSTL tags, and easier separation of design and logic [1]. A JSP page consists of HTML tags and JSP tags. It is translated into a Servlet class, compiled, and executed like a Servlet [2]. JSP offers advantages over Servlets such as easier maintenance through separation of concerns, no need to recompile on changes, and less code through built-in tags [3].

Uploaded by

Arun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JSP

JSP technology is used to create web application just like Servlet


technology. It can be thought of as an extension to Servlet because it
provides more functionality than servlet such as expression language, JSTL,
etc.

A JSP page consists of HTML tags and JSP tags. The JSP pages are easier to
maintain than Servlet because we can separate designing and development.
It provides some additional features such as Expression Language, Custom
Tags, etc.

Advantages of JSP over Servlet


There are many advantages of JSP over the Servlet. They are as follows:

1) Extension to Servlet

JSP technology is the extension to Servlet technology. We can use all the
features of the Servlet in JSP. In addition to, we can use implicit objects,
predefined tags, expression language and Custom tags in JSP, that makes
JSP development easy.Difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM

2) Easy to maintain

JSP can be easily managed because we can easily separate our business
logic with presentation logic.

3) Fast Development: No need to recompile and redeploy

If JSP page is modified, we don't need to recompile and redeploy the


project. The Servlet code needs to be updated and recompiled if we have to
change the look and feel of the application.

4) Less code than Servlet

In JSP, we can use many tags such as action tags, JSTL, custom tags, etc.
that reduces the code. Moreover, we can use EL, implicit objects, etc.
The Lifecycle of a JSP Page
The JSP pages follow these phases:

o Translation of JSP Page


o Compilation of JSP Page
o Classloading (the classloader loads class file)
o Instantiation (Object of the Generated Servlet is created).
o Initialization ( the container invokes jspInit() method).
o Request processing ( the container invokes _jspService() method).
o Destroy ( the container invokes jspDestroy() method).

Note: jspInit(), _jspService() and jspDestroy() are the life cycle methods of
JSP.
As depicted in the above diagram, JSP page is translated into Servlet by the
help of JSP translator.
The JSP translator is a part of the web server which is responsible for
translating the JSP page into Servlet.
After that, Servlet page is compiled by the compiler and gets converted into
the class file.
Moreover, all the processes that happen in Servlet are performed on JSP
later like initialization, committing response to the browser and destroy.

Creating a simple JSP Page


To create the first JSP page, write some HTML code as given below, and
save it by .jsp extension. We have saved this file as index.jsp. Put it in a
folder and paste the folder in the web-apps directory in apache tomcat to
run the JSP page.

index.jsp

Let's see the simple example of JSP where we are using the scriptlet tag to
put Java code in the JSP page. We will learn scriptlet tag later.

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <% out.print(2*5); %>  
4. </body>  
5. </html>  

It will print 10 on the browser.


The Directory structure of JSP
The directory structure of JSP page is same as Servlet. We contain the JSP
page outside the WEB-INF folder or in any directory.
What is JSP API?
(Application Programming Interface)
JSP API is a set of classes and interfaces that can be used to make a
JSP page. These classes and interfaces are contained in the javax servlet.
jsp packages. A portion of the classes characterized in the javax. servlet.
JSP Scriptlet tag (Scripting elements)
In JSP, java code can be written inside the jsp page using the scriptlet tag.
Let's see what are the scripting elements first.

JSP Scripting elements


The scripting elements provides the ability to insert java code inside the jsp.
There are three types of scripting elements:

o scriptlet tag
o expression tag
o declaration tag

JSP scriptlet tag


A scriptlet tag is used to execute java source code in JSP. Syntax is as
follows:

<%  java source code %>  

Example of JSP scriptlet tag


In this example, we are displaying a welcome message.

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <% out.print("welcome to jsp"); %>  
4. </body>  
5. </html>  
Example of JSP scriptlet tag that prints the user
name
In this example, we have created two files index.html and welcome.jsp. The
index.html file gets the username from the user and the welcome.jsp file
prints the username with the welcome message.

File: index.html

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <form action="welcome.jsp">  
4. <input type="text" name="uname">  
5. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>  
6. </form>  
7. </body>  
8. </html>  

File: welcome.jsp

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <%  
4. String name=request.getParameter("uname");  
5. out.print("welcome "+name);  
6. %>  
7. </form>  
8. </body>  
9. </html>  
JSP expression tag
The code placed within JSP expression tag is written to the output stream
of the response. So you need not write out.print() to write data. It is mainly
used to print the values of variable or method.

Syntax of JSP expression tag


<%=  statement %>  

Example of JSP expression tag


In this example of jsp expression tag, we are simply displaying a welcome
message.

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <%= "welcome to jsp" %>  
4. </body>  
5. </html>  

Note: Do not end your statement with semicolon in case of expression tag.

Example of JSP expression tag that prints


current time
To display the current time, we have used the getTime() method of
Calendar class. The getTime() is an instance method of Calendar class, so
we have called it after getting the instance of Calendar class by the
getInstance() method.

index.jsp

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. Current Time: <%= java.util.Calendar.getInstance().getTime() %>  
4. </body>  </html>  
Example of JSP expression tag that prints the user
name
In this example, we are printing the username using the expression tag. The
index.html file gets the username and sends the request to the welcome.jsp
file, which displays the username.

File: index.jsp

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <form action="welcome.jsp">  
4. <input type="text" name="uname"><br/>  
5. <input type="submit" value="go">  
6. </form>  
7. </body>  
8. </html>  

File: welcome.jsp

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <%= "Welcome "+request.getParameter("uname") %>  
4. </body>  
5. </html>  

JSP Declaration Tag


The JSP declaration tag is used to declare fields and methods.

The code written inside the jsp declaration tag is placed outside the
service() method of auto generated servlet. So it doesn't get memory at
each request.
Syntax of JSP declaration tag

The syntax of the declaration tag is as follows:

<%!  field or method declaration %>  

Difference between JSP Scriptlet tag and


Declaration tag

Jsp Scriptlet Tag Jsp Declaration Tag

The jsp scriptlet tag can only declare The jsp declaration tag can declare
variables not methods. variables as well as methods.

The declaration of scriptlet tag is The declaration of jsp declaration tag is


placed inside the _jspService() placed outside the _jspService() method.
method.

Example of JSP declaration tag that declares field


In this example of JSP declaration tag, we are declaring the field and
printing the value of the declared field using the jsp expression tag.

index.jsp

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <%! int data=50; %>  
4. <%= "Value of the variable is:"+data %>  
5. </body>  
6. </html>  
Example of JSP declaration tag that declares method
In this example of JSP declaration tag, we are defining the method which
returns the cube of given number and calling this method from the jsp
expression tag. But we can also use jsp scriptlet tag to call the declared
method.

index.jsp

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <%!   
4. int cube(int n){  
5. return n*n*n*;  
6. }  
7. %>  
8. <%= "Cube of 3 is:"+cube(3) %>  
9. </body>  
10.</html>  

JSP Implicit Objects

There are 9 jsp implicit objects. These objects are created by the web
container that are available to all the jsp pages.

The available implicit objects are out, request, config, session, application
etc.
A list of the 9 implicit objects is given below:

Object Type

out JspWriter

request HttpServletRequest

response HttpServletResponse

config ServletConfig

application ServletContext

session HttpSession

pageContext PageContext

page Object

exception Throwable

1) JSP out implicit object

For writing any data to the buffer, JSP provides an implicit object named
out. It is the object of JspWriter. In case of servlet you need to write:

PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();  

But in JSP, you don't need to write this code.

Example of out implicit object


In this example we are simply displaying date and time.

index.jsp
1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <% out.print("Today is:"+java.util.Calendar.getInstance().getTime()); %>  
4. </body>  
5. </html>  

Output

Today is: Fri Sep 13 15:37:29 IST 2013

2) JSP request implicit object

The JSP request is an implicit object of type HttpServletRequest i.e. created


for each jsp request by the web container. It can be used to get request
information such as parameter, header information, remote address, server
name, server port, content type, character encoding etc.

It can also be used to set, get and remove attributes from the jsp request
scope.

Let's see the simple example of request implicit object where we are
printing the name of the user with welcome message.

Example of JSP request implicit object


index.html

1. <form action="welcome.jsp">  
2. <input type="text" name="uname">  
3. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>  
4. </form>  

welcome.jsp

1. <%   
2. String name=request.getParameter("uname");  
3. out.print("welcome "+name);  
4. %>  

Output

Arun Chauhan
Welcome Arun Chauhan

3) JSP response implicit object

In JSP, response is an implicit object of type HttpServletResponse. The


instance of HttpServletResponse is created by the web container for each
jsp request.

It can be used to add or manipulate response such as redirect response to


another resource, send error etc.

Let's see the example of response implicit object where we are redirecting
the response to the Google.

Example of response implicit object


index.html

1. <form action="welcome.jsp">  
2. <input type="text" name="uname">  
3. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>  
4. </form>  
welcome.jsp

1. <%   
2. response.sendRedirect("http://www.google.com");  
3. %>   
Output

It will simply open a new tab in browser..

4) JSP config implicit object

In JSP, config is an implicit object of type ServletConfig. This object can be


used to get initialization parameter for a particular JSP page. The config
object is created by the web container for each jsp page.

Generally, it is used to get initialization parameter from the web.xml file.

Example of config implicit object:


index.html

1. <form action="welcome">  
2. <input type="text" name="uname">  
3. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>  
4. </form>  
web.xml file

1. <web-app>  
2.   
3. <servlet>  
4. <servlet-name>sonoojaiswal</servlet-name>  
5. <jsp-file>/welcome.jsp</jsp-file>  
6.   
7. <init-param>  
8. <param-name>dname</param-name>  
9. <param-value>sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver</param-value>  
10.</init-param>  
11.  
12.</servlet>  
13.  
14.<servlet-mapping>  
15.<servlet-name>sonoojaiswal</servlet-name>  
16.<url-pattern>/welcome</url-pattern>  
17.</servlet-mapping>  
18.  
19.</web-app>  
welcome.jsp

1. <%   
2. out.print("Welcome "+request.getParameter("uname"));  
3.   
4. String driver=config.getInitParameter("dname");  
5. out.print("driver name is="+driver);  Arun Chauhan
6. Welcome Arun Chauhan
7. Driver name is = sunjdbc.odbc,Jdbc.OdbcDriver
8. %>  

Output

Arun Chauhan
Welcome Arun Chauhan
Driver name is = sunjdbc.odbc,Jdbc.OdbcDriver

5) JSP application implicit object

In JSP, application is an implicit object of type ServletContext.

The instance of ServletContext is created only once by the web container


when application or project is deployed on the server.

This object can be used to get initialization parameter from configuaration


file (web.xml). It can also be used to get, set or remove attribute from the
application scope.

This initialization parameter can be used by all jsp pages.


Example of application implicit object:
index.html

1. <form action="welcome">  
2. <input type="text" name="uname">  
3. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>  
4. </form>  
web.xml file

1. <web-app>  
2.   
3. <servlet>  
4. <servlet-name>sonoojaiswal</servlet-name>  
5. <jsp-file>/welcome.jsp</jsp-file>  
6. </servlet>  
7.   
8. <servlet-mapping>  
9. <servlet-name>sonoojaiswal</servlet-name>  
10.<url-pattern>/welcome</url-pattern>  
11.</servlet-mapping>  
12.  
13.<context-param>  
14.<param-name>dname</param-name>  
15.<param-value>sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver</param-value>  
16.</context-param>  
17.  
18.</web-app>  
welcome.jsp

1. <%   
2.   
3. out.print("Welcome "+request.getParameter("uname"));  
4.   
5. String driver=application.getInitParameter("dname");  
6. out.print("driver name is="+driver);  
7.   
8. %>  

Output

Arun Chauhan
Welcome Arun Chauhan
Driver name is = sunjdbc.odbc,Jdbc.OdbcDriver

6) session implicit object

In JSP, session is an implicit object of type HttpSession.The Java developer can use th
remove attribute or to get session information.

Example of session implicit object


index.html

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <form action="welcome.jsp">  
4. <input type="text" name="uname">  
5. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>  
6. </form>  
7. </body>  
8. </html>  

welcome.jsp

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <%   
4.   
5. String name=request.getParameter("uname");  
6. out.print("Welcome "+name);  
7.   
8. session.setAttribute("user",name);  
9.   
10.<a href="second.jsp">second jsp page</a>  
11.  
12.%>  
13.</body>  
14.</html>  

second.jsp

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <%   
4.   
5. String name=(String)session.getAttribute("user");  
6. out.print("Hello "+name);  
7.   
8. %>  
9. </body>  
10.</html>   Ravi Mallick
11.Welcome Ravi Mallick
12.Second jsp page

Output

Ravi Mallick
Welcome Ravi Mallick
second jsp page
Hello Ravi Mallick
   7) pageContext implicit object
In JSP, pageContext is an implicit object of type PageContext class.The pageContext
set,get or remove attribute from one of the following scopes:

o page
o request
o session
o application

In JSP, page scope is the default scope.

Example of pageContext implicit object


index.html

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <form action="welcome.jsp">  
4. <input type="text" name="uname">  
5. <input type="submit" value="go"><br/>  
6. </form>  
7. </body>  
8. </html>  

welcome.jsp

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <%   
4.   
5. String name=request.getParameter("uname");  
6. out.print("Welcome "+name);  
7.   
8. pageContext.setAttribute("user",name,PageContext.SESSION_SCOPE);  
9.   
10.<a href="second.jsp">second jsp page</a>  
11.  
12.%>  
13.</body>  
14.</html>  

second.jsp

1. <html>  
2. <body>  
3. <%   
4.   
5. String name=(String)pageContext.getAttribute("user",PageContext.SESSION
_SCOPE);  
6. out.print("Hello "+name);  
7.   
8. %>  
9. </body>  
10.</html>  

Output

Ravi Mallick
Welcome Ravi Mallick
second jsp page
Hello Ravi Mallick

8) page implicit object:


In JSP, page is an implicit object of type Object class.This object is assigned to the refere
servlet class. It is written as:

Object page=this;

For using this object it must be cast to Servlet type.For example:

<% (HttpServlet)page.log("message"); %>

Since, it is of type Object it is less used because you can use this object directly in jsp.For

<% this.log("message"); %>

9) exception implicit object


In JSP, exception is an implicit object of type java.lang.Throwable class. This object can
exception. But it can only be used in error pages.It is better to learn it after page direc
example:

Example of exception implicit object:


error.jsp

1. <%@ page isErrorPage="true" %>  
2. <html>  
3. <body>  
4.   
5. Sorry following exception occured:<%= exception %>  
6.   
7. </body>  
8. </html>  

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