A report on

BIM in Operation and Maintenance (O&M), Construction

Organization and Practices, Design co-ordination

Submitted By
Abhishake Dutta (CE21708)
Shubham Gupta (CE21709)

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

WARANGAL, TELANGANA

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ABSTRACT
BIM (Building information system) is now widely accepted concept. AECO (Architect,
engineering, construction and operation) industry find it useful in every stage of a project life
cycle. Not only in efficient design and sustainability, BIM is handy in operations and
maintenance, design coordination and in construction organization practices. The operation
phase of a building requires many data, and traditional system may or may not include these
aspects in their documents. BIM, mitigates this risk and stores all the project data, from the
very starting of the project. Attaching BIM with FM (facility management) gives better
results and eases up the process of FM. BIM is used in construction industry to reduce the
cost, reduce the delay in schedule of completion and to achieve higher productivity and
quality of construction. Now BIM can also be used for operation and maintenance purpose. It
provide clear idea how to implement the repair work or any other work so that it can reduce
the injury or loss due to any accident like fire, shock or downfall of workman. BIM plays an
important role in facility and asset management by making the work process and estimation
of cost easier. It also reduces the complexity of project. BIM provide preventive ability to
reduce the injury or loss during accident.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE No.

ABSTRACT 2

TABLE OF CONTENT 3

LIST OF FIGURES 4

INTRODUCTION 5

FACILITY MANAGEMENT (FM) 5-6

ROLE OF BIM IN OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 7

BENEFITS OF BIM IN FM 7-8

BARRIERS TO BIM ADOPTION IN FM 8-9

DATA REQUIRED BY FM PROFFESSIONAL IN O&M PHASE 9

BIM USES IN OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 9-11

BIM IN COORDINATION 11-12

DESIGN COORDINATION AND BIM 12-13

DESING COORDINATION 14

CONCLUSION 15

REFERENCE 16-17

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 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
NUMBER No.
Figure 1 Asset Information Model linking to enterprise 6

Figure 2 System architecture of the BIM – based facility in 10

O&M management system
Figure 3 Detailed system framework of utility tunnel O&M 11
management system
Figure 4 An architectural model of the second case study 14
project that was used to validate the research findings
(left) and a snapshot of design coordination meeting
Environment for case study 2 (right)

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INTRODUCTION
BIM is an information technology based concept that involves applications and maintenance
of digital information of all building information throughout different phases of project
lifecycle as a database. This technology allows to insert, extract, update and modify
information of the facility modelled in BIM. This helps all the stakeholders to collaborate in
any time of the project lifecycle. FM phase of the facility is equally important and should
have effective use of BIM, but most of the time this is not the case. BIM is the backbone for
any facility management as it contains all the required information. A key challenge in FM
systems are storing and maintaining huge amount of data related to facility. BIM can be very
useful while storing and maintaining the data, as it is a digital platform and hence works
faster than that of traditional approach. BIM application in FM phase changes the traditional
method of documentations, control, maintenance and analysis of information. BIM can
perform all these activities within minutes, while traditional methods may take hours if not
days. (Naghshbandi)
Design coordination is a crucial and challenging stage of a project, it is implemented to make
sure that all the design satisfies functional, aesthetic and economic requirements from the
client. Design coordination enables to check all the possible conflicts that may arrive during
construction on the site, giving all the project stakeholders to make sure everything works
fine. Complexity arises when high level of building services are required in a project.
Traditional systems involves manual comparisons of 2-D drawings to identify all the possible
conflicts. This process is absolute failure as it has very low efficiency and chances of errors
are high enough while mostly conflicts stays undetected which in progress will cause
economic loss to project. BIM can solve this problem with greater efficiency and saves time.
There is no comparisons and no argument over possible conflicts. Researches shows that
BIM is used in conflict detections and design coordination, is the most valued and frequent
usage of BIM. (Sarmad Mehrbod)
Building information modeling is digital transformation in the architectural, engineering and
construction industry. BIM is growing in construction industry, this makes construction
process, operation and maintenance easier. It remove the complexity of construction project.
There are many benefits of BIM in construction industry, like reduction in complexity, better
communication between project participants, there is also clash detection can be done during
design phase of project. There are some challenges in applying the BIM construction process
because of lack of knowledge about BIM and this is new technology for construction
technology. (Aleksander K. Nicała)

FACILITY MANAGEMENT (FM)

FM is a multi-domain ground which makes sure that the proper functioning of built project
by integrating all the stakeholders along with processes and technologies. The role of FM is
much superior to just maintenance management. This includes preparation for emergencies,
proper communication, business flow, human resources, leadership environmental
stewardship and sustainability, finance and business, strategy, project management, and

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technology. BIM helps the facility managers to be involved during design and planning stage.
This involvement can therefore, help to design a better scope for future maintenance and
hence saving money while O&M phase. Therefore one can say, BIM highly influences FM
domain of a project. BIM provides a database for storing all the facility information that will
help the facility managers during the O&M phase of the project. (Eric M. Wetzel)
Facility management in construction relates the facilities available in the construction project
like building, malls etc. there is need of regular management so there is some risks also to the
workers who are doing maintenance work. There is risk of electric shock, falls, cuts etc. this
may occur major injury so facility management try to reduce these accident so that the
worker could save by accidents. Asset management relates to cost, opportunity and risk
related to project by using BIM. It focuses on values which is provided to organization. There
is need of asset management because of increasing infrastructure. The asset management can
be understand and explained by asset information model that how it works. (Yu Peng a)

Fig.1 Asset Information Model linking to enterprise solutions (James Heatona)

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ROLE OF BIM IN OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
For the most part, operation and maintenance (O&M) is viewed as a subset of facilities the
board (FM) in a more extensive setting. FM and O&M are viewed as strong exercises. For the
most part, support can be either preventive or remedial. The preventive upkeep worries about
the standard support plan. In any case, the remedial upkeep worries about the receptive
support because of a reason for disappointment or separate. As O&M exercises cover the
longest life expectancy of structures and include different partners that might be supplanted
over the long run, point by point information of utilized items are should have been followed
by specialists and customers. Thus, O&M requires an extensive data framework that
catches/recovers data on O&M parts and all its connected structure parts. A considerable lot
of the FM applications embrace BIM innovation which upgrades the cycle and makes it
simpler to give facilities. The Knowledge-based BIM framework for building upkeep plans to
use the elements of data demonstrating strategies and information catch to give full recovery
to data and information on O&M exercises to see how a structure is disintegrating and to help
proactive support choices. (James Heatona)
BIM provide understanding to do operation and maintenance in a systematic manner and to
utilize the time and cost in operation and maintenance. Operation & maintenance means the
function and workers associated with daily operation and repair work. During the operation
the infrastructure which are constructed using BIM are consuming lesser energy and lesser
effect on environment. There are two type of maintenance are generally seen preventive and
corrective, in preventive maintenance it is directly related to daily or routine maintenance and
in corrective maintenance it relates to the maintenance or repair due to breakdown or failure,
both cases are come under maintenance work. (Tae Wook Kang)

BENEFITS OF BIM IN FM (Serdar Durdyev, Barriers to the implementation of Building

Information Modelling (BIM) for facility management)
The biggest facility costs happen during operational activity. Reference is made to a Facility
Planning contextual analysis on the US Coast Guard, which recorded an efficiency of 98%
when BIM was utilized to make and refresh data sets at their facility. This shows the
prevalence of advanced information stockpiling through BIM over conventional actual
recording strategies and is one more illustration of how the FM cycle can be improved with
BIM. An advantage over and again distinguished in the writing is the limit with respect to
capacity of documentation and different information. BIM can be used for capacity as a
cooperative computerized chronicle, giving a solitary area to all the documentation needed to
work and keep a facility, counting working manuals, guarantees, outlines and item details.
The prevalence of advanced documentation capacity and the benefit over conventional paper
documentation has been featured all through the inspected writing. An advanced CAD model
can be utilized during the FM stage and deciphered through BIM, this 3D model can make it
simpler for the facility director to find building parts, particularly in regions which are not
available for a visual examination, the part number what's more, item information can

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likewise be handily recognized on the BIM data set. Extra information like the item provider
and the telephone number of the maintenance man can likewise be put away on BIM, which
can work with fast response and a smooth change between identification, distinguishing
proof, and goal of issues. Through BIM FM, support prerequisites can be dissected and
booked rather than conventional receptive upkeep which has been featured as a wasteful
strategy for activity. Observing and control of energy use is one more space of utilization for
BIM during the FM stage. BIM can be utilized to record and foresee energy execution during
activity through observing and recreations which can assist with recognizing any deviations
from the recorded information. (Karam Kim)
BIM provide understanding to do operation and maintenance in a systematic manner and to
utilize the time and cost in operation and maintenance. Operation & maintenance means the
function and workers associated with daily operation and repair work. During the operation
the infrastructure which are constructed using BIM are consuming lesser energy and lesser
effect on environment. There are two type of maintenance are generally seen preventive and
corrective, in preventive maintenance it is directly related to daily or routine maintenance and
in corrective maintenance it relates to the maintenance or repair due to breakdown or failure,
both cases are come under maintenance work. (Luqi Wang)

BARRIERS TO BIM ADOPTION IN FM (Serdar Durdyev, Barriers to the implementation

of Building Information Modelling (BIM) for facility management)
There are some challenges in facility management like because of intensive amount of data,
capturing and managing during the lifecycle of the facility is not easy, and it is a critical task.
There is a lack of best practices and proper guideline, construction industry also does not
understand the facility management interoperability and language gap.
Notwithstanding a wide scope of advantages that BIM offers, a few hindrances have been
accounted for all through the writing that seem to contribute considerably to the insufficiency
of BIM being applied for FM. One of the serious issues is that BIM is simply liable to be
utilized for the FM stage in the event that it has effectively been applied to the venture during
plan and development. This is because of the enormous direct front expense related with
executing BIM. The expenses caused are to cover programming, equipment and preparing of
staff. Surrendered the huge front cost it is by and large not considered possible to utilize BIM
for a solitary period of a venture. Maybe this gear would be all the more effectively available
at a lower cost on the off chance that BIM FM was executed to a bigger degree. There have
been reports of legitimate entanglements identifying with hazard sharing and information
proprietorship. It has been proposed that there are as of now restricted rules identifying with
legitimate commitments and best practice while carrying out BIM for FM. Some view the
lawful rules as dubious, but have ventured to say the current lawful necessities are ruining the
chance for BIM FM in industry, and huge expenses are brought about when endeavoring to
defeat this boundary. It has likewise been recommended that industry cases in which BIM has
been utilized effectively for FM should be introduced to influence existing FM experts who
might be caught in their ways. Propose this hesitance is because of an absence of evidence of
BIM's application and viability in the FM business or best practice rules. Right now there are

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inadequate examples of overcoming adversity present to convince moderate industry experts
to embrace this new innovation. BIM is all the more generally showcased to plan and
development experts, rather than Facility Managers. In an overview of dynamic industry
experts, just 7% utilized BIM for FM. This shows an absence of mindfulness which should be
tended to. (Xianfei Yin)

DATA REQUIRED BY FM PROFFESSIONAL IN O&M PHASE (Naghshbandi)

ID of FM information prerequisites has acquired restricted thought. As per "Facility
managers require an information driven store of area resource data from BIM, and the
powerful utilization of BIM for FM pivots on who, what and how information is gathered."
Some exploration have been done in such manner, for instance set up an incorporated
framework to catch data and information on building support tasks to discover how a building
is crumbling and to advance support choices. Be that as it may, just some non-mathematical
prerequisites was not really set in stone in ongoing examinations. Albeit a few works are
accessible in the writing, yet the information and innovation hole among creators and facility
directors is impressive. Compelling use of BIM data information base relies upon sorting out
the information prerequisite of all gatherings through the existence pattern of the task.
Henceforth, the prerequisite of facility the executives ought to be unequivocally explained, so
the new innovation drives the right data to the fitting party. For model, facility directors
should report the plan insufficiencies that are not support well disposed, as it forestalls
indistinguishable plan issues later on. Along these lines, it is needed to frame a total non-
support well-disposed plan information base, open to designers. Moreover, office proprietors
should build up their data necessities which contain pith esteems adjusted with best acts of
association to improve the incorporation of BIM and office the board framework. At present
there is an absence of standard technique to decide and survey proprietor necessities in the
development industry. (Weiwei Chen)

BIM USES IN OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

Building information modeling is the efficient way of management in each phase of
construction. Recently the building information modeling use increasing because there are
more benefit than the traditional process. The main benefit of BIM is that it provide accurate
planning which leads to proper resource utilization and reduce delay in project. Beside this
there are more benefits like it provide collaboration and reduces energy waste and carbon
emission. It provide benefit to owner and contractor in all phases like planning, construction,
operation and maintenance.System architecture of BIM based facility in operation and
maintenance is given below where it shows how the system works and what type of data,
information are given and the outcome of the system is given here. (Dian Zhuang)
For the utility tunnel, there is detailed system framework for operation and maintenance is
shown through a flowchart where the data are provided in monitoring system as input and

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some are data are also added in utility tunnel and then it provide an output and update the
BIM integrated model where the model is shown through the visual display. (Xianfei Yin)
BIM provide understanding to do operation and maintenance in a systematic manner and to
utilize the time and cost in operation and maintenance. Operation & maintenance means the
function and workers associated with daily operation and repair work. During the operation
the infrastructure which are constructed using BIM are consuming lesser energy and lesser
effect on environment. There are two type of maintenance are generally seen preventive and
corrective, in preventive maintenance it is directly related to daily or routine maintenance and
in corrective maintenance it relates to the maintenance or repair due to breakdown or failure,
both cases are come under maintenance work.

Fig. 2 System architecture of the BIM – based facility in O&M management system (Xianfei Yin)

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 Fig. 3 Detailed system framework of utility tunnel O&M management system (Xianfei Yin)

BIM IN COORDINATION (Mehran Oraee)

The basic means of co-ordination in building information means is the collaboration between
architectural, engineering and construction. In the co-ordination models are combined into
multidisciplinary model so that the model can be specifying to check the scope of model or
project. The BIM coordinator maintain and develop the execution plan according to the data
and information provided. BIM coordinator reports the different activity to the project
leadership and it is also seen by project manager. The benefit of BIM model coordination are
it is coat effective, utilization of resource, provide better efficiency and higher productivity,
improvement in coordination among participant and better communication and the quality is
improved. (McArthur)
With the rise of BIM, a novel strategy for multi-discipline collaboration has emerged, which
software manufacturers claim to be particularly efficient “3D coordination’’. The 3D
coordination activity is defined as an iterative procedure that compares various 3D models in
order to resolve issues and disagreements. This is accomplished by electronically merging the
several 3D models. The virtual depiction of the complete building project is possible thanks
to the integration of models. The multidisciplinary aggregated model is then subjected to a
clash detection technique to discover any conflicts and concerns. Prior to construction or
installation, the main objective is to eliminate the majority of design problems. However,

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putting 3D coordination into practice in a multidisciplinary environment remains a difficult
process that necessitates significant coordinating efforts. The purpose is to offer a potential
ergonomics technique for the evaluation of synchronous interactive devices used in 3D
coordination synchronous and co-located meetings. This method seeks to anticipate human
wants and actions in order to create new artefacts that improve user experiences. A
questionnaires, experiments, and response collection are used as part of a methodology based
on the Prospective Ergonomics approach. The analysis of the 3D coordination task (and,
more specifically, the process of issue solving in a co-located meeting) has helped to better
describe and understand it. The findings revealed the value of collaborative meetings in
resolving challenges connected to the BIM process's 3D coordination activity
The development business has advanced a few times, and the new changes might be the
biggest ever. By and large, a significant part of the assembling system depended on paper
drawings. The presentation of 2D models in AutoCAD during the 1960s improved the
situation in light of the fact that the entire cycle was as yet tedious, yet at the same time had
issues associating 2D drawings to 3D true articles. Luckily, the last part of the 1980s saw a
further improvement of the development business, with organizations hoping to take on
different advanced advances (counting BIM). Subsequently started the computerized change
in the development business. Lamentably, it set aside some effort for BIM to be generally
acknowledged and embraced, however it is presently utilized consistently and tackles
numerous development issues.
Both BIM conflict location and BIM coordination are generally interchangeable in the
development business. The two of them are viewed as fundamental for understanding the
plan true to form, with no issues or issues. Anyway, what is BIM coordination? By and large,
it is a course of building data demonstrating that works with coordinated effort between MEP
designing, primary designing and engineering arranging. One of the fundamental objectives
of BIM coordination is to consolidate the endeavors of various disciplines inside a specific
development task to arrive at more effective cooperation results. All things considered,
conflict recognition is a fundamental piece of 3D BIM coordination that can identify issues
between various plans and models to track down the most productive method for fixing them.
Clashes themselves can be either delicate or hard, and the fundamental contrast between the
two is the measure of exertion needed to determine a specific case. Delicate cases are
regularly effortlessly tackled by marginally changing the BIM model, while some
troublesome cases will became managed and settled by a group of designers.

DESIGN COORDINATION AND BIM (ad Mehrbod)

Building plan coordination is a basic and provoking assignment to guarantee that the plan
meets the utilitarian, stylish, and monetary prerequisites of task partners. The plan
coordination process permits project partners to recognize possible issues and clashes in
building frameworks before they become an issue on the building site. Building plan
coordination normally incorporates design, underlying, mechanical, and electrical and
plumbing (MEP) plans and requires broad information on building frameworks. The expense
of plan coordination can be huge, for certain assessments of 6% of the MEP cost or 2% of the
absolute expense on light modern development projects. The level of trouble of the plan

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coordination process connects with the intricacy and number of building frameworks in an
office. Numerous development industry experts refer to MEP coordination as one of the most
testing undertakings experienced in the conveyance of building development projects. In a
conventional setting, building plan coordination is normally directed through visual
examination, where 2D drawings are analyzed and potential struggles are recognized. This
process is wasteful and blunder inclined, and subsequently, various contentions frequently
stay undetected and should be tended to in the field where it is expensive and wasteful.
Conversely, groups utilizing Building Information Demonstrating (BIM) instruments for
MEP coordination are almost certain to be happy with the gathering system and invest less
energy contending over issues contrasted with paper-based plan coordination gatherings.
BIM-based plan coordination further develops plan execution, cost control and usefulness,
and decreases insufficiencies on location. Studies have shown that plan coordination and
struggle location are the generally regular and esteemed employments of BIM in the
development area. For occurrence, in one venture, BIM-based plan coordination empowered
undertaking partners on an enormous clinic undertaking to recognize more than 3,000,000
conflicts and resolve over 2.4 million conflicts preceding development. Despite the fact that it
is hard to measure the advantages of conflict evasion, a few have assessed that each
recognized conflict between MEP frameworks can save over $300 US per clash. (Karam
Kim)
The change to BIM, nonetheless, establishes a takeoff from conventional practice. In spite of
the many referred to benefits, many plan coordination gives actually go undetected utilizing
best in class BIM apparatuses, frequently prompting nearby fixes with extra expenses and
postponements to the undertaking. The effect of these annoying coordination issues on
project time and cost can be critical, with some assessing so a lot as $10,000 per issue. It is in
this way basic that coordination issues get settled as effectively as could be expected,
especially given that large number of struggles might be distinguished during plan
coordination and that many plan issues take more than one gathering to determine.
Furthermore, coordination gatherings are additionally exorbitant given the huge number of
undertaking members included, especially in quick track projects with huge maintainability
objectives. Our own appraisals of the expense of plan coordination gatherings range from
$8000–$23,000 per meeting. Nonetheless, in any event, when BIM apparatuses are promptly
free in building plan coordination settings, project members face critical challenges while
associating with BIM, which upsets and ruins the plan coordination process. Professionals
regularly return to 2D paper-based specialized drawings as their best option for specialized
information trade between project individuals, and 3D plan data is still underutilized. The
changes from one type of plan portrayal to another are tedious, blunder inclined, and bring
about loss of data when endeavoring to archive the information, or result of configuration
issue conversation.
It is thus basic that coordination issues get settled as productively as could be expected,
especially given that a great many struggles might be recognized during plan coordination,
and fruitful the executives of the plan coordination process is basic to the proficient
conveyance of practical and quality tasks. While there are many elements that impact BIM-
based structure plan coordination, see how members collaborate with plan antiques in light of

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the fact that these communications are a basic piece of the coordination process in BIM
conditions. In particular, the capacity to without any problem collaborate with plan curios
might influence the productivity with which project groups can comprehend and resolve
configuration issues. These shortcomings in plan coordination might affect the quantity of
contentions that get settled and eventually add to the enormous number of unsettled clashes
that frequently remain. Furthermore, coordination gatherings are expensive with various
partners spending critical measures of time planning plans. A superior comprehension of how
professionals collaborate with plan data during coordination gatherings will permit project
groups and programming engineers to improve the usefulness of BIM instruments and better
help the shared and dynamic nature of the plan coordination process. (Tae Wook Kang)
DESING COORDINATION
The requirement for understanding structure plan coordination is crucial since the cycle spurs
and decides how experts collaborate with plan data and what arrangement of activities are
important for goal of configuration issues. In this paper, we allude to plan coordination as
coordination of building frameworks in which their area is characterized furthermore, parts of
building frameworks are directed to keep away from obstructions furthermore, to agree with
assorted plan and activities rules. As featured in the presentation, in a conventional setting,
plan coordination is normally directed through visual investigation, where 2D drawings are
analyzed and potential struggles are distinguished. This process is wasteful and mistake
inclined, and accordingly, various contentions regularly stay undetected and should be tended
to in the field where it is expensive and wasteful. Then again, BIM recreates the development
project in a virtual climate. With BIM, a precise virtual model of a structure, containing exact
math and pertinent information expected to help the plan, obtainment, manufacture, and
development exercises needed to understand the structure. Many advantages of BIM,
including perception, code surveys, development sequencing, and conflict detection are
highly valued for building design coordination.

Fig. 4 An architectural model of the second case study project that was used to validate the research findings (left) and a snapshot of design
coordination meeting
Environment for case study 2 (right) (ad Mehrbod)

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CONCLUSION
There are large scope of Building Information Modeling in architecture, engineering and
construction (AEC) industry because of their benefits. It provide better co-ordination and
increased operation and maintenance efficiency. By use of BIM the flow of information is
increased. The current construction industry require the BIM tools that the task related to
project should complete with good efficiency. BIM is accelerating the development process
in AEC industries. It is a platform for collaborating and coordinating information from
stakeholders such as architects, engineers, contractors, clients etc. Developing BIM as a FM
tool ensures the reduction in inaccuracy and incomplete information. It also saves man-
power, cost and time for inserting information in FM tools. With it, BIM ensures the
maintainability of the building and its facilities. This promotes the optimized use of energy,
lifecycle costs and durability.

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