Civil Engineering May 2021 Review Innovations Engineering Mechanics 1

FORCE SYSTEMS Components of a Force in Plane: PROBLEMS:

Force System is defined as any arrangement Δx Situation 1: Resolve the 500-N force into:
Fx = Fcosα = Fsinβ = F
where two or more forces act on a body or on a Δr
group of related bodies. Δy
Fy = Fcos = Fsin = F
Δr
1. Concurrent Force Systems
 
2
Resultant: F =  Fx 2 + Fy
- Forces whose lines of action pass
through a common point

EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE SYSTEMS

2. Parallel Force Systems
- Forces whose lines of action are parallel
Different Support Reactions
1. x- and y- components
3. Non-concurrent Force Systems
2. x- and y’-components
- Forces whose lines of action neither are
3. x’- and y-components
parallel nor intersect on a common point
4. x’- and y’-components

Principle of Transmissibility - According to this

Situation 2: The three forces acting on the beam
law the state of rest or motion of the rigid body is
can be replaced with a single equivalent force R.
unaltered if a force acting on the body is replaced
Determine the following:
by another force of the same magnitude and
direction but acting anywhere on the body along
1. The x-component of the resultant force.
the line of action of the replaced force.
2. The magnitude of R.
3. The corresponding value of .
Parallelogram Law - The combined effect of two
forces may be represented by a single resultant
force that is equivalent to the diagonal of a
parallelogram which contains the two forces in
adjacent legs.

Triangle Law - If two forces acting on a body are

represented one after another by the sides of a
triangle, their resultant is represented by the
closing side of the triangle taken from first point Situation 3: From the given set of forces shown
to the last point. in the figure, determine the:

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Civil Engineering May 2021 Review Innovations Engineering Mechanics 1
1. reaction at A Situation 3: If θ = 300
and T = 6 kN, determine the
2. reaction at C magnitude of the resultant force acting on the
3. reaction at B eyebolt and its direction measured clockwise
from the positive x axis. (R = 8.67 N, α = 3.046º)
PROBLEMS FOR PRACTICE:

Situation 1: The 300-lb force is to be resolved into

components along lines a-a’ and b-b’.

1. the magnitude of the resultant force of the

system?
2. angle that the resultant force makes with the
Situation 4: From the given set of forces shown
horizontal measured CCW?
in the figure, determine the:
3. distance of the line of action of the resultant
force from the origin?
4. the distance from the origin where the 1. Determine the angle α knowing that the
resultant intersects the x-axis? component along line a-a’ is 240-lb. (θ =
76.146º)
Situation 4: From the figure shown, two spheres 2. What is the corresponding value of the
having equal weights of 360 N each is placed on component along b-b’? (336.333 lb)
top of the three identical spheres. The radius of
the upper two spheres is 0.80 m while that at the Situation 2: Knowing that the tension in cable BC
bottom is 1.0 m having equal weights of 420 N. is 725N, determine the resultant of the three
Determine the: forces exerted at point B of beam AB. (225.89 N)

1. the magnitude of the resultant force of the

system? (77.14 N)
2. angle that the resultant force makes with the
horizontal measured CCW? (52.22°)
3. distance of the line of action of the resultant
force from the origin? (4.79 m)
4. the distance from the origin where the
resultant intersects the x-axis? (6.06 m)

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Civil Engineering May 2021 Review Innovations Engineering Mechanics 1
Situation 5: A barge is pulled by two tugboats. If 1. determine the position of the boom so that 2. Determine the reaction at the upper wheel.
the resultant of the forces exerted by the tugboats this force creates a maximum moment about (RU = 564.04 lb)
is a 5000-lb force directed along the axis of the point O. (θ = 33.57º) 3. Determine the reaction at the lower wheel.
barge, determine; 2. What is this moment? (M = 80 kN-m) (RL = 1,760.36 lb)

Situation 8: If the combined moment of the two

forces about point C is zero, determine:

1. the tension in each of the ropes knowing that

α = 45° (T1 = 3,660.25 lb, T2 = 2,588.19 lb)
2. the value of α for which the tension in rope 2
is minimum. (α = 60º) Situation 10: In the frame shown, members ACE
and BCD are connected by a pin at C and by the
Situation 6: The towline exerts a force P = 4 kN 1. the magnitude of the force P (61.60 N) link DE. For the loading shown, determine the
at the end of the 20-m-long crane boom. If θ = 300, 2. the magnitude of the resultant of the two
forces (141.26 N)
3. the coordinates x and y of the point A on the
rim of the wheel about which the combined
moment of the two forces is a maximum
(49.04 mm, 63.20 mm)
4. the combined moment MA of the two forces
about A (15.77 N-m)
1. determine the placement x of the hook at A
so that this force creates a maximum moment
Situation 9: A loading car is at rest on a track
about point O. (x = 23.96 m)
forming an angle of 25° with the vertical. The
2. What is this maximum moment? (M = 80 kN-
gross weight of the car and its load is 5500 lb, and
m) 1. reaction at B (RB = 300 N)
it is applied at G. The car is held by a cable.
2. force in link DE (RDE = 561 N)
Situation 7: Considering the same figure as 3. force exerted at C on member BCD (RC =
1. Determine the tension in the cable. (T=
above, the towline exerts a force P =4 kN at the 823.82 N)
4,984.69 lb)
end of the 20-m-long crane boom. If x = 25 m,
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