Civil Engineering May 2021 Review Innovations Algebra 2

Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) Harmonic Progression (H.P.) 3. The numbers 28, x + 2, 112 are the first three
A sequence of numbers is in A.P. if any number A sequence of numbers are in H.P. if their terms in a GP. What is the 31st term?
Answer: 30,064,771,070
after the first is obtained by adding a fixed number reciprocals form an A.P.
to the one immediately preceding it. The fixed 4. Find the sum of a sequence of four positive
Example: 1/2, 1/5, 1/8, 1/11, 1/14, 1/17
number that is added is called the common numbers, the first of which is 6 and the fourth
difference, d. of which is 16, if the first three numbers form
Relationship between Arithmetic Mean, Harmonic
an AP and the last three numbers form a GP.
Example: 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 Mean, and Geometric Mean of Two Numbers
Answer: 43
2
GM
= AM  HM 5. The arithmetic mean of two numbers is 7.5 &
Formulas for A.P. their harmonic mean is 4.8. Find their
d = a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = a4 − a3 = ... geometric mean.
Motion-Related Problems Answer: 6
an = a1 + (n − 1)d or an = am + (n − m)d 6. A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 9m
distance = velocity × time
n n and each time it strikes the ground, it bounces
Sn
=
2
( a1 + an ) or S=
n
2
 2 a1 + (n − 1)d  Motion in water current or air current to a height 2/3 of that from which it falls. Find
If x = velocity of (boat/airplane) in still the total distance travelled by the ball before it
Geometric Progression (G.P.) (water/air) comes to rest. Answer: 45 m
y = velocity of the (water/air), then 7. If the 1st, 5th and the 8th terms of an AP will form
A sequence of numbers is in G.P. if any number
after the first is obtained by multiplying a fixed a GP, what would be the common ratio of this
x + y = velocity when going (downstream/with the GP?
number to the one immediately preceding it. The Answer: 3/4
wind)
fixed number that is multiplied is called the 8. A certain physicist, who is always in a hurry,
x – y = velocity when going (upstream/against the
common ratio, r. walks up an ongoing escalator at the rate of one
wind)
Example: 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, 486 step per second. Twenty steps bring him to the
Motion in a circle or any closed circuit top. Next day he goes up at two steps per
Formulas for G.P. Starting from the same point and the same time second, reaching the top in 32 steps. How
a2 a3 a4 1. Going in the same the direction: many steps are there in the escalator? Answer: 80
=r = = = ...
a1 a2 a3 dfaster – dslower = 1 circuit 9. A man was enjoying the afternoon rowing
2. Going in opposite directions: leisurely upstream when his baseball cap fell in
an = a1r n−1 or an = amr n−m
dfaster + dslower = 1 circuit the water. So absorbed was he in listening to
a1 (1 − r n ) a (r n − 1) the music from his earphones that it was 12
Sn = or Sn = 1
1−r r −1 minutes before he discovered his cap missing.
Problems:
He turned around and recovered the cap 1 km
1. How many three-digit numbers are not
Where: an = nth term usually the last term downstream from where it fell. Assuming
divisible by 3? Answer: 600
am = a term after a1 but before an constant speed and neglecting the time for
2. A contractor who does not meet the deadline turnaround, what was the speed of the water
Sn = sum of n terms
on the construction of a building is fined current? Answer: 2.5 kph
P40,000 per day for each of the first ten days of
Infinite Geometric Progression (I.G.P.) 10. A train, an hour after starting, had to stop due
extra time, and for each additional day
A G.P. in which -1 ≤ r ≤ 1, r ≠ 0 and n = ∞ to some engine trouble. After one hour, it
thereafter the fine is increased by P8,000. If the
proceeded at 60% of its former rate and arrived
a1 contractor is fined P1,008,000, by how many
Sn = 3 hours after the time. Had the incident
1−r extra days was the construction delayed?
Answer: 18 happened 50km farther on the line, it would

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Civil Engineering May 2021 Review Innovations Algebra 2
have arrived 1.5 hours sooner. Find the length 8. A besieged fortress is held by 5,700 men who 17. A policeman is pursuing a snatcher who is
of the journey. Answer: 88.89 km have provisions for 66 days. If the fortress loses ahead by 72 of his own leaps. The snatcher
11. Two trains started at the same time from cities 20 men each day, for how long will the takes 6 leaps while the cop takes 5 leaps, but 4
A and B, respectively, the first going from A to provisions hold out? Answer: 76 days leaps of the snatcher are as long as 3 leaps of the
B and the second from B to A. They traveled at 9. The first three terms in AP are 20, 16 and 12. cop. How many leaps will the cop make before
uniform but different rates. The first train Which term is -96? Answer: 30th term he catches the snatcher? Policeman: 540 leaps
reached B 4 hours after they passed each other, 10. In a display window a grocer wishes to place 18. A train, an hour after starting, had an accident
the second reached A 2 hours and 15 minutes boxes of detergent in pyramid form so that the and was detained for an hour, after which it
after they passed. Find the time that each train bottom row contains 15 boxes, the next row proceeded at 3/5 of its former rate and arrived
required to make the trip. Answer: 7 hrs & 5.25 hrs contains 14 boxes, the next row contains 13 at the destination three hours after the time.
12. A and B run around a circular track whose boxes, and so on, with one box on top. How Had the accident happened 50km farther on the
circumference is 150m. When they run in many boxes of detergent are necessary for the line, it would have arrived one and one-half
opposite directions, they meet every 5 seconds, pyramid? Answer: 120 hours sooner. Find the length of the journey.
Answer: 88.89 km
but when they run in the same direction from 11. Find the 8th term in the following series of
the same point, they are together every 25 19. Two trains, one 350 ft long, the other 450 ft long,
numbers: 6, 7, 11, 20, 36, ... Answer: 146
seconds. What are their rates? on parallel tracks, can pass each other
Answer: 18m/s & 12m/s
12. The arithmetic mean of two numbers is 37 and completely in 8 seconds when moving in
their geometric mean is 35. What is the opposite directions. When moving in the same
difference between their harmonic mean and direction, the faster train completely passes the
For Practice: geometric mean? Answer: 1.892 slower one in 16 seconds. Find the speed of the
1. Runner A travels at 1200fpm. Runner B travels
13. An equilateral triangle is inscribed within a faster train. Answer: 75 fps
975’ during the 1st minute but goes 150’ further
circle whose diameter is 12 cm. In this triangle 20. A battleship started on a 500-mile voyage but
each minute than in the minute immediately
a circle is inscribed; and in this circle, another was brought to full stop an hour after starting
preceding. Who will win in a mile race?
Answer: B wins
equilateral triangle is inscribed; and so on for military reasons, delaying it for full hour,
indefinitely. Find the sum of the areas of all the after which it was ordered to proceed at a
2. Determine x so that x, 2x + 7, 10x – 7 will be a
triangles. Answer: 62.35 cm2 reduced velocity equivalent to 75% of its
geometric progression. Answer: 7; -7/6
14. Benjie set out on a bike at the rate of 6 km/hr. former rate. The ship arrived at its destination
3. Find the harmonic mean between 3 & 11.
After Benjie had gone 2 hours, Jerwin set out to 3 hours and 3 quarters after scheduled time. If
Ans: 33/7
overtake him and went on a bike 4 km the 1st it was desired for the ship to arrive one hour
4. A cask containing 20 liters of wine was emptied hour, 5 km the 2nd hour, 6 km the 3rd hour, and and a quarter sooner, how far from the
of one-fifth of its contents and then filled with so on, gaining 1 km every hour. After how destination should the ship have been ordered
water. If this is done 20 times, how many liters many hours were they together? stopped? Answer: 243.24 mi.
of wine will remain in the cask? Answer: 0.2306 li Answer: 8 hrs of Jerwin
Situation 1. Allan can cover a circular track in 50
5. The arithmetic mean of two numbers exceeds 15. An airplane takes 1.5 hours to travel 600 mi seconds while Brando can cover the same track
their geometric mean by two. Find the numbers with the wind and 1.6 hours to fly back. Find in 40 seconds. Going in the same direction, find
if one is 40 less than the other. Answer: 81 & 121 the speed of the plane. Answer: 387.5mph the time they will be together if:
6. Insert three arithmetic means between 11 & 14. 16. A boatman rows to a place 48 km distant and 21. Brando gives Allan a head-start of 5 seconds.
Answer: 11.75, 12.5, 13.25 Answer: 20 sec of Brando
back in 14 hours; he finds he can row 4km with
22. Allan gives Brando a head-start of 5 seconds.
7. Find the common ratio of an IGP in which any the stream in the same time as 3 km against the Answer: 175 sec of Allan
term is thrice the sum of the succeeding terms. stream. Find the rate of the stream. Ans: 1 kph 23. Allan and Brando started at the same time.
Answer: 1/4
Answer: 200 sec