A PROJECT ON

CLONING OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT

BY

JOHNSON TOYOSI DEBORAH

FPA/CS/20/2-0168

A PROJECT TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

COMPUTER SCIENCE, SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND COMPUTER
STUDIE THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC ADO-EKITI, EKITI STATE
NIGERIA.

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIRMEMT FOR THE

AWARD OF NATIONAL DEPLOMA (ND) IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT

SUPERVISOR: MR. ONI

NOVEMBER , 2022

1
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this project work, “Cloning of a Computer System Unit”, was written

by JOHNSON TOYOSI DEBORAH with Matric number FPA/CS/20/2-0168 and has been

read and approved for the award of Ordinary National Diploma in the department of

Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State.

………………………………… ………………………….

Project Supervisor’s Name DATE

(Project Supervisor)

………………………………… ………………………….

Your HOD’s Name DATE

(Head of Department)

2
 DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to God for his enabling grace, and to all computer enthusiasts who help

to make life a pleasant experience.

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe my indebtedness to my Supervisor Mr Oni, the Head of Department and the Lecturers in

the department of Computer Science for their moral support that facilitated the successful

completion of my Ordinary National Diploma. I am grateful to God Almighty and my parent

for their financial support in my career. I really appreciate you all for everything, Thank you

very much.

4
 ABSTRACT
CLONNING A SYSTEM

Cloning of Computer System is a key aspect of running an organization

as it cover it helps in making our day to day activities easier.

Throughout this project we shall focus on each and every component

needed for assembling and also there functions. The main reason why
people go for assembling of system instead of buying a new system is to
allow them to have good and satisfactory quality of what they want. Buying
a new computer system might not solve the problem of some people but
coupling it themselves ease their wounds when it comes to satisfaction.
The main important of coupling a computer system is to have access to all
those components and to know how to couple and disassemble it when the
system is faulty.

5
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminary Pages

Title page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Table of Contents

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Motivation

1.3 Objectives of the study

1.4 Scope of the study

1.5 Expected contribution to knowledge

1.6 Methodology

6
CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

2.1 Generation of Computer

2.2 Parts of computer

2.3 Function of the computer System

2.4 Where to get the parts/components

2.5 Definitions of Terms

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Tools required to set-up the computer

3.2 The components/parts required for pc assembly

3.3 The external and peripherals components

3.4 Pictures of the above mentioned components and devices

CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM DESIGN AND EVALUATION

4.1 Features of the Computer

4.2 Procedural for the assemblage of the pc (personal computer)

4.3 Process of assembling the pc

4.3.1 Installing a socket processor and the heat sink on the motherhood

7
4.3.2 Installing memory modules

4.3.3 Installation of the motherboard

4.3.4 Installing the CDROM and hard disk drives

4.3.5 Connecting the power supply cables to the motherboard

4.3.6 Connecting the motherboard to the drives

4.3.7 Connecting the front panel cable

4.4 Installing the Operating System

4.4.1 Step One: Setting the BIOS

4.4.2 Step Two: Installing the Windows operating system

4.4.3 Step Three: Activating the Windows operating system

4.4.4 Step Four: Install Windows Updates

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary

5.2 Conclusion

5.3 Recommendation

REFERENCE

TABLE OF CONTENT

8
 ABSTRACT

Cloning of computer is very essential in a computing area. This project focuses more on how

computer system could be coupled and maintained effectively and efficiently without any fault

during assembling of the system. Throughout this project we shall focus on each and every

component needed for assembling and also there functions. The main reason why people go for

assembling of system instead of buying a new system is to allow them to have good and

satisfactory quality of what they want. Buying a new computer system might not solve the

problem of some people but coupling it themselves ease their wounds when it comes to

satisfaction. The main important of coupling a computer system is to have access to all those

components and to know how to couple and disassemble it when the system is faulty. This

research has managed to purchase the Sub-Assembly computer components and couple it to

make a computer system that could rival the performance of the branded version.

9
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Cloning a computer system, gives maximum satisfaction to the user and a very rewarding

experience. To clone a Desktop PC (Personal Computer) the users/builders of such systems are

probably contemplating building or assembling a computer instead of purchasing one pre-built or

pre-assembled. The Sub-Assembly computer components is purchased and coupled to make a

computer system that could rival the performance of the branded version.

The word computer is a machine or electronic device which can accept data and process it and

gives output in form of meaningful information for human consumption. Because of the

mysterious was it performs nearly impossible operations and asked question it is sometimes

called artificial man. The sequential series in the invention of computer led top its classification

into five classes which are commonly referred to as generation of computer.

The first computer invented is the electronic computer in the 1946 with the use of vacuum tube

as switches by Messus J. Eckert and J. Mavalily. It was made based on Electronic integrator and

calculator “ENIAC” Further improved on by scientist, Mr John Von Newman

And this has the capability of keeping instructions in a better was and wider scope in the year

1947. The vacuum tubes version of computer was improved on with the uses of and this formed

the second generation of computer. It has better advantages than the previous one in terms of

i. Reduction in size

ii. Transistor required less electrical power and produces almost no heat

Failure rate is very minimum compare to vacuum tube and this makes it to be more reliable

Programme was by symbolic language which was less tedious.

10
Calculations speed was higher (microseconds). The interval storage capacities were increased by

thousands.

The third generation computer is integrated circuit “IC”. It has a better improvement than second

generation such as

i. Smaller in size (about one third of the size of the previous ones)

ii. It has a rare failure occurrence as a result of uses of I.C

iii. In term of electrical power requirement reduced to barely minimum, heat despite was

almost insignificant

iv. Calculation speed were in nano seconds

v. Random assess mass storage were developed with it

The fourth generation involved the use of large scale integrated circuit which is commonly

referred to as microprocessors “which is reduced to minimum size and that is common with

modern computer

The fifth generation is also developed to supersede the previous old fashion of computer which is

sometime called artificial intelligent or robotics (Mogaji 1995)

Examples are IBM PC (International Business Market Personal Computer and IBM compatible

computers such as desktop, Laptop and palmtop). The recent developments lead to the

establishment of Pentium II. Pentium III and Pentium IV which is the fastest more reliable and

has more programming ability

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study is expected to specify the fact that computer is made up of several components

functioning together as a single unit. It will enable us to know that hardware cannot work alone

to makes a computer without software being installed.

11
1.2 MOTIVATION

I have always seen computers been used for various purposes and this becomes a

challenge for me to undertake to know what a computer is and how it works, having obtain the

above knowledge during my courses in the school I want to go further by cloning a system

desktop for the school,.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Cloning the computer system on this research embarks on gathering different

components/devices of computer system together in other to make a well functioning computer

system available to the computer laboratory (THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC ADO-EKITI)

and to enable students to be more familiar to each components of the computer system. Thus,

this project will cover all the process of purchasing components, coupling, and the process of

installing the OS (operating system) into the computer system. Building or assembling Pentium

IV computer brings significant benefits which are identified below.

i. Know about computer components and how they fit and work together

Understanding the internal and hardware workings of a computer.

ii. Learning computer hardware terminology

iii. Technical problem solving ability

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

ii. The scope of this research is to show how computer system could be `

purchased in parts, assembled and installed with required software to match

a given configuration for the use in the laboratory.

12
1.5 EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE

The project is Aiming at Cloning and installation of Pentium IV personal computer (PC)

with the need to improve on the previous old types in the market

It will enable the new graduates that are yet to secure a job to be self employ, most especially

nowadays that the government encourages skill acquisition (entrepreneurial ship) in schools.

It will enable the participant to know more about maintenance and repair of computer system.

This type of computer system has some advantages which make users friendly. Their speed of

operation, accuracy, durability, quick response to command saving and cost good for storing

information, calculation, printing information, graphical analysis, typing documents, internet

browsing and also playing games.

1.6 METHODOLOGY

Method used to make complete system are:

i. Know the market price between a whole PC Desktop and Sub-assembly

computer.

ii. Choosing the components that make a complete system such as: the system

casing, Motherboard. Hard disk. CDROM. Monitor Keyboard, Mouse and some internal

components.

iii. Buying tools that will be use to assemble the system these are: Needle Nose

Pliers, Screwdriver, small plastic bin to put your screws and other small parts into, small

flashlight.

iv. Then the procedure for assembly and installation process begins.

13
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

Cloning of computer system primarily specifics the ability of a computer science student to have

the technical know how about and how to choose between buying a whole or sub assembly

computer system. Cloning of a computer system regards as step by step procedure for

assembling computer components for the purpose of achieving a set of configuration required by

the users.

2.1 GENERATION OF COMPUTER

The modern computer took its shape with the arrival of your time. It had been around 16th

century when the evolution of the computer started. The initial computer faced many changes,

obviously for the betterment. It continuously improved itself in terms of speed, accuracy, size,

and price to urge the form of the fashionable day computer. This long period is often

conveniently divided into the subsequent phases called computer generations:

 First Generation Computers (1940-1956)

 Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)

 Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)

 Fourth Generation Computers (1971-Present)

 Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Beyond)

Before there are graphing calculators, spreadsheets, and computer algebra systems,

mathematicians and inventors searched for solutions to ease the burden of calculation. 

Below are the 8 mechanical calculators before modern computers were invented.

14
i. Abacus (ca. 2700 BC)

ii. Pascal’s Calculator (1652)

iii. Stepped Reckoner (1694)

iv. Arithmometer (1820)

v. Comptometer (1887) and Comptograph (1889)

vi. The Difference Engine (1822)

vii. Analytical Engine (1834)

viii. The Millionaire (1893)

2.1.1 First Generation Computers: Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)

The technology behind the primary generation computers was a fragile glass device, which was

called vacuum tubes. These computers were very heavy and really large in size. These weren’t

very reliable and programming on them was a really tedious task as they used high-level

programming language and used no OS. First-generation computers were used for calculation,

storage, and control purpose. They were too bulky and large that they needed a full room and

consume rot of electricity.

Main first generation computers are:

 ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, built by J. Presper Eckert and

John V. Mauchly was a general-purpose computer. It had been very heavy, large, and

contained 18,000 vacuum tubes.

 EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer was designed by von

Neumann. It could store data also as instruction and thus the speed was enhanced.

 UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer was developed in 1952 by Eckert and

Mauchly.

15
Main characteristics of first generation computers are: Main electronic component, Vacuum

tube, Programming language, Machine language ,Main memory, Magnetic tapes and magnetic

drums, Input/output devices, Paper tape and punched cards, Speed and size, Very slow and very

large in size (often taking up entire room),Examples of the first generation,

IBM 650, IBM 701, ENIAC, UNIVAC1, etc.

2.1.2 Second Generation Computers: Transistors (1956-1963)

Second-generation computers used the technology of transistors rather than bulky vacuum tubes.

Another feature was the core storage. A transistor may be a device composed of semiconductor

material that amplifies a sign or opens or closes a circuit.

Transistors were invented in Bell Labs. The use of transistors made it possible to perform

powerfully and with due speed. It reduced the dimensions and price and thankfully the warmth

too, which was generated by vacuum tubes. Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory,

programming language and input, and output units also came into the force within the second

generation.

Programming language was shifted from high level to programming language and made

programming comparatively a simple task for programmers. Languages used for programming

during this era were FORTRAN (1956), ALGOL (1958), and COBOL (1959).

Main characteristics of second generation computers are

Programming language, Machine language and assembly language.

Memory Magnetic core and magnetic tape/disk.

Input/output devices Magnetic tape and punched cards.

Power and size Smaller in size, low power consumption, and generated less heat (in

comparison with the first generation computers).

16
Examples of second generation PDP-8, IBM1400 series, IBM 7090 and 7094, UNIVAC 1107,

CDC 3600 etc.

2.1.3 Third Generation Computers: Integrated Circuits. (1964-1971)

During the third generation, technology envisaged a shift from huge transistors to integrated

circuits, also referred to as IC. Here a variety of transistors were placed on silicon chips, called

semiconductors. The most feature of this era’s computer was the speed and reliability. IC was

made from silicon and also called silicon chips.

A single IC, has many transistors, registers, and capacitors built on one thin slice of silicon. The

value size was reduced and memory space and dealing efficiency were increased during this

generation. Programming was now wiped out Higher level languages like BASIC (Beginners

All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). Minicomputers find their shape during this era.

Main characteristics of third generation computers are: Main electronic component Integrated

circuits (ICs),Programming language High-level language, Memory-Large magnetic core,

magnetic tape/disk, Input / output devices, Magnetic tape, monitor, keyboard, printer, etc.

Examples of third generation IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11, NCR 395, B6500, UNIVAC 1108,

etc.

2.1.4 Fourth Generation Computers: Micro-processors (1971-Present)

In 1971 First microprocessors were used, the large scale of integration LSI circuits built on one

chip called microprocessors. The most advantage of this technology is that one microprocessor

can contain all the circuits required to perform arithmetic, logic, and control functions on one

chip.

17
The computers using microchips were called microcomputers. This generation provided the even

smaller size of computers, with larger capacities. That’s not enough, then Very Large Scale

Integrated (VLSI) circuits replaced LSI circuits. The Intel 4004chip, developed in 1971, located

all the components of the pc from the central processing unit and memory to input/ output

controls on one chip and allowed the dimensions to reduce drastically.

Technologies like multiprocessing, multiprogramming, time-sharing, operating speed, and virtual

memory made it a more user-friendly and customary device. The concept of private computers

and computer networks came into being within the fourth generation.

Main characteristics of fourth generation computers are: Main electronic component Very large-

scale integration (VLSI) and the microprocessor (VLSI has thousands of transistors on a single

microchip).Memory- semiconductor memory (such as RAM, ROM, etc.), Input/output devices-

pointing devices, optical scanning, keyboard, monitor, printer, etc.

Examples of fourth generation includes IBM PC, STAR 1000, APPLE II, Apple Macintosh,

Alter 8800, etc.

2.1.4 Fifth Generation Computers

The technology behind the fifth generation of computers is AI. It allows computers to behave

like humans. It is often seen in programs like voice recognition, area of medicines, and

entertainment. Within the field of games playing also it’s shown remarkable performance where

computers are capable of beating human competitors.

The speed is highest, size is that the smallest and area of use has remarkably increased within the

fifth generation computers. Though not a hundred percent AI has been achieved to date but

keeping in sight the present developments, it is often said that this dream also will become a

reality very soon.

18
In order to summarize the features of varied generations of computers, it is often said that a big

improvement has been seen as far because the speed and accuracy of functioning care, but if we

mention the dimensions, it’s being small over the years. The value is additionally diminishing

and reliability is in fact increasing.

Main characteristics of fifth generation computers are: Main electronic component-Based on

artificial intelligence, uses the Ultra Large-Scale Integration (ULSI) technology and parallel

processing method (ULSI has millions of transistors on a single microchip and Parallel

processing method use two or more microprocessors to run tasks simultaneously).

Language Understand natural language (human language). Size Portable and small in size.

Input / output device Trackpad (or touchpad), touchscreen, pen, speech input (recognize

voice/speech), light scanner, printer, keyboard, monitor, mouse, etc. Example of fifth generation,

Desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc.

2.2 PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

Some of the main parts of a computer are the keyboard CPU, monitor, power supply, and

storage memory. Computers have become an indispensable part of our daily lives due to their

high usability. From basic arithmetic operations to high-end algorithms, computers can perform

multiple tasks based on the input data and software installed. The basic knowledge about the

main parts of the computer is being imparted to students so they can learn the advanced concepts

easily in the higher grades. There are five basic parts of a computer including the processor,

which are assembled for carrying out various logical computing operations. 

19
2.2.1 What is a Computer?

A computer is a machine or an electronic device that stores, retrieves, and manipulates

data. It can perform arithmetic operations or logical functions automatically based on the

instructions and input data provided by users. Here, input data refers to the information provided

by the users. The input data can be numbers or words, and the instructions refer to the codes or

programs. Computers can carry out various logical and arithmetic operations like a human brain.

However, a computer is capable of processing a huge amount of data, accurately in a very short

time. Computers are used for many purposes, so now, lessons on the main parts of computers are

introduced in the curriculum of school-level academics. We use computers to keep various

records, send emails, pay bills, watch movies, write notes, play games, shop online, and for

numerous other purposes. With the help of the internet, the network linking computers all across

the globe, we can access information on any and every subject and issue.

The components of a computer are classified into two categories, namely, hardware and

software. The physical parts of a computer are called hardware. The processor, the input and

output devices of a computer, for example, the keyboard, printer, mouse, monitor, speakers are

part of its hardware. The storage devices also constitute the hardware of a computer. The set of

instructions, and the programs installed on a computer constitute its software. The computer

software can be classified into two categories, namely, the application software and the operating

system. The application software instructs the computer to perform specific tasks based on the

input data. The operating system controls the integrated working of the various parts of the

computer hardware.

There are several types of computers and each type of computer has a set of unique

features. High-end computers called supercomputers are assembled exclusively to perform

complex data processing, such as weather forecasting. Supercomputers are quite expensive. On

20
the other hand, desktops are mostly used to perform basic operations at schools, offices, and

homes. These are generally referred to as personal computers. A more portable form of a

computer system includes laptops and tablets. Based on the configuration, laptops and tablets can

perform various tasks. Handheld computers are popularly known as Personal Digital Assistants.

Even smaller computing systems are designed to be fitted in robots, smart cars, airplanes, and

some home appliances.

2.2.2 The 5 Basic Parts of a Computer?

Every computer comprises 5 basic parts, namely, a motherboard, a central processing

unit, a graphics processing unit, a random access memory, and a hard disk or solid-state drive.

Be it a high-end gaming computer system or be it a basic desktop system for kids, every

computer consists of 5 parts. Various enhancements can be added for the better performance of a

computer system. All the integrated chips and circuits are installed on the motherboards of

computers. It is important to know about the parts of computers for kids so that they can grasp

the logic and reason for writing computer programs to carry out various tasks.

Motherboard: The motherboard of a computer is the circuit board on which all the basic and

high-end chipsets are installed. All the circuits installed on the motherboard propel the working

of a computer. The motherboard is one of the main parts of a computer and is also known as the

printed circuit board. It is present in all computer systems, be it general-purpose systems or

expandable ones. The main electronic components of a computer such as its central processor,

interface connectors, memory controllers are all integrated into the motherboard. The peripheral

components, sound cards, hard drives, interface cards, network cards, video cards, and cards for

extra USB slots, are attached to the motherboard.

21
CPU: CPU or the Central Processing Unit is among the basic parts of the computer and is often

referred to as the brain of the computer. All the data provided to a computer is processed in the

Central Processing Unit of the computer. The instructions given to a computer through various

computer programs are executed in this processor. The basic controlling, logical, arithmetic and

I/O operations are executed in the CPU. There are two components of a basic CPU, namely, the

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and the Control Unit. All the arithmetic and logical operations are

carried out in the ALU. The results of the arithmetic operations are stored in the processor. The

Control Unit fetches the instructions from the memory and facilitates their execution.In

microprocessors, the processing unit is contained in one integrated circuit chip. In the modern

age of multi-core processors, one integrated circuit chip contains multiple CPUs. The multi-core

processors enhance the performance of the computer systems. For example, with a multi-core

processor, you can perform several tasks simultaneously, without any effect on the processor

speed.

GPU: The Graphics Processing Unit is used as a co-processor to enhance the performance of the

Central Processing Unit in engineering and scientific computing. It offloads some of the time-

consuming parts of program codes, to improve the performance of the CPU.  The Graphics

Processing Unit boosts the CPU performance by providing a parallel processing facility. A GPU

may contain hundreds of cores, whereas a CPU contains a maximum of 8 cores. The highly

programmable feature of graphics chips led to the invention of the Graphics Processing Unit.

The graphic cards produce high-quality visuals like the ones in 3D images and video games.

These graphics cards can render great visual effects when coupled with a high-end monitor.

These cards can directly communicate with the display monitors. A graphics card comes with a

processing unit, a cooling mechanism, connections to display devices, and a memory.

22
RAM: Random Access Memory or RAM refers to the volatile memory of a computer. It is a

very common topic covered in the chapter on the parts of computers for kids. It is referred to as

the main memory of the computer. RAM is one of the main parts of a computer and it stores the

application programs, operating system, and the data that is currently used. It takes a shorter time

to read data from RAM and to write data in it. Therefore, the processor of a computer can access

the data stored in the Random Access Memory, in a short time. As stated above, RAM is

volatile, that is, all the data stored in it is lost when we turn off the computer. So, every time we

restart the computer the operating system along with the other programs is reloaded into RAM

from the hard disk drive. Also, RAM can hold less data than a hard disk, so it can be stored in

microchips. For example, RAM can hold 8 GB of data whereas a hard disk can hold 10 TB of

data. Storage One of the basic parts of a computer is constituted by its storage components. The

solid-state drive and the hard disk drive are the key storage components of a computer. The hard

disk drive of a computer system stores data permanently. Therefore, even if you turn off the

computer, the data stored in the hard disk drive will be saved. All the important data, software

programs, and operating systems are stored in the hard disk drive of a computer. Hard disk drives

are secondary storage devices. Solid-state storage devices can store data continuously on

integrated circuit assemblies. The SSD’s or solid-state devices contain semiconductor cells and

store data on them. These storage drives run silently. The semiconductor cells can store 1 to 4

bits of data. These storage devices come with lower access times and lower latency. SSD’s

facilitate better storage density, more reliability, and high data-transfer rates. Also, the solid-state

drives are highly shock-resistant as compared to hard disk drives.

23
2.3 FUNCTION OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

i. Simple web surfer

ii. Office computer

iii. Gaming system

iv. Video editing

v. Music production

vi. Entertainment system/Media center

2.3.1 Simple web surfer

To provide basic functionality to a user who just needs web surfing, a little-word processing, and

the occasional game of solitaire, it’s important not to go overboard. Such a user has no need for a

top of the line processor or 3D graphics card. A modestly configured system with an adequate

internet connection will suit this user best and can be assembled quite cheaply. This usage

pattern is not going to stress any particular component, you should be looking at a mid-to low-

level processor historically, and current, enough RAM for the OS (operating system) and a

mother board with built in Ethernet, video and audio. If you have a little extra money, spend it

on a better monitor, mouse/keyboard, and case power supply in that order

2.3.2 Office computer

An office computer can be expected to do word processing, spreadsheet and database work,

internet and intranet access (including e-mail) and a little light development of spreadsheets,

databases, and presentations. It might also be called on to do page lay out work, some 2D graphic

creation, and/or terminal emulation.

24
2.3.3 Gaming System

We’re not talking here about the occasional game of solitaire or a secret late night Zuma

obsession. Were talking about cutting edge 3D gaming first-person-shooters or real-time strategy

games with thousands of troops on the screen at the same time, specula reflections and a lot of

other confusing terminology that describes visual effects designed to make your system fall

down on its knees and cry like a little girl.

So you’re going to need the fasted processor you can afford and plenty of RAM, as well as a

motherboard to match, since the speed of the motherboard buses can limit high-end components.

2.3.4 Video editing

Big and fast hard drives are key, 10000 RPM Raptors in Raid 0 as working space with multiple

750 GB drives or I terabyte drives for storage is a good target. SATA/300 is highly

recommended and SCSI subsystems should also be considered. A large amount of memory

(2GB, 3GB, even 4GB) would be beneficial.

2.3.5 Music production

Plenty of disk space is important, but a music production (recording and mixing) workstation is

chiefly distinguished by specialized external components studio reference monitors instead of

speakers, mixing consoles, microphones, etc.

One piece of advice, if you have extra money, get better microphones, even if you have to trade

the Blues mobile.

2.3.6 Entertainment system/media center

This is a computer designed to sit in the living room with the rest of you’re A/V gear. The idea is

that it will record and serve audio and video files foreplay via your existing television and stereo.

25
2.4 WHERE TO GET THE PART/COMPONENTS

Once you have decided what you’re going to use your computer for, and have reviewed which

parts are available for reuse, you should make a list of what components you will need to buy. A

few hours of research can save your years of regret, so make sure that the computer builds will

do need it to do.

Computer terminology can be confusing, so if there are terms you don’t understand, be sure to

look them up in:

2.4.1 Internet retailers: generally offer the best price for new parts. If a part needs to be

returned, you may be stuck for the shipping; check return policies before it can be

purchase.

2.4.2 Auction sites: like eBay and several others offer very good prices for used parts. This is

especially useful for parts which do not wear out. Return scan be problematic or

impossible. Some auctions may not be legitimate. Always check the shipping cost before

you bid.

2.4.3 Local PC shops: their prices are often higher, but they may make up for this by

providing a lot of expertise. Get opinions from other sources, however, as they may be

eager to sell you parts you don’t need. Big Local retailers often lack technical expertise

and higher prices, but can be useful because they usually handle returns quickly. Also

good if you need something right then.

26
2.4.4 Trade shows: that occur from time to time also provide a good to shop, as the prices are

often significantly reduced. Also, your local town dump may have a special section for

computers & monitors that others have got rid of. These can be more or less brand new

computers with trivial problems such as a busted power supply or faulty cables.

Of course if the dump does have such a section, you should ask permission of those in charge.

They’re usually glad to let you go through it, but don’t leave mess. Taking advantage

2.5 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

i. Computer: is electronic machine/devices that accept and process data according to

the set of instructions given thereby outputting the processed data as a means of

information for usage.

ii. Computer Case: This is the actual case that will house all your other parts.

Consider it your computers house. It will dictate how your machine looks at first

glance as well as what and how many parts you can put into your machine.

iii. Hard Drive/Hard Disk: This is the “long-term memory” of the computer, used for

persistent storage i.e. the things stored on it remains even when the computer is

powered down. The operating system and all your programs and data are stored

here. It is also known as mass storage device.

iv. Optical Drive Device: This is used for reading/writing disks. May read CDs,

DVDs, or other optical media, depending on the type. It is essential for installing

operating systems and programs.

v. The Motherboard: is also called a main board, is an electronic circuit board that

provide and attachment for other internal and external components of the computer

system to be fixed on. Examples are RAM slot, PROCESSOR socket etc.

27
vi. RAM: also known as random access memory is volatile memory storage that

computer used to run programs.

vii. Processor: is the brain of the computer that performs the major operation that is

being done inside of the computer system.

viii. Monitor: This is the device that display all processed data in computer system to

the outside world. Monitor can be in form of LCD/CRT.

ix. Mouse: This is used to point and locate where

necessary in the computer system. It can either be PS2/optical mouse.

x. Speakers: This the medium that produces sounds made inside the computer such as

audio sound, midi, video sound.

xi. Assistive technology: Assistive technology refers to any software or hardware that

acts to assist and improve the functional capabilities of people with disabilities.

Examples include wheelchairs, prosthetics, voice-to-text technology and text-to-

speech technology.

xii. Back-end: Back-end refers to the part of an application that performs an essential

task not apparent to the user.

xiii. Bit: A bit (short for binary digit) is the smallest unit of measurement in computing.

8 bits make up 1 byte.

xiv. Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a wireless communications technology intended to replace

cables. It allows short-range connections between two or more Bluetooth-

compatible devices such as mobile phones, tablets, headsets or medical equipment.

xv. Boot: (re-boot) To boot (or re-boot) is to load and initialise the operating system on

a computer. Think of it as starting up your computer. In Windows you can use the

key combination CTRL and ALT and DEL as a "soft" boot. This means restarting

28
 the computer rather than turning it completely off and on again, which could cause

damage to your computer's hard disk under some circumstances.

xvi. Cache: When you download (read) a web page, the data is "cached," meaning it is

temporarily stored on your computer.

xvii. Chip: A chip is a microprocessor that performs many functions and calculations

that make your computer run. Your computer's chip is also referred to as the CPU

(Central Processing Unit) or the processor.

xviii. Cybersecurity: Cybersecurity refers to measures designed to protect your

computer, device or network from cybercrime. This involves preventing unintended

and unauthorised access, change and damage.

xix. Device driver: A device driver is a small program that allows a peripheral device

such as a printer or scanner to connect to your PC.

xx. Download: Downloading is the method by which users access and save or "pull

down" software or other files to their own computers from a remote computer via

the Internet.

xxi. DV: DV stands for digital video.

29
 CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

This phase discuss and enlightens more on the various parts/components and the required

tools which will be used to clone the computer system. This will be needed as a result of

assembling the components to make it a whole computer system.

3.1 TOOLS REQUIRED TO SETUP A WHOLE COMPUTER

i. Human effort and composure

ii. A small plastic bin(s) to put your screws and other small parts into. Needle nose

pliers, Screwdriver with a good collection of bits.

iii. A small flashlight. Used to check in to some internal component that is not seen

. clear.

iv. Antistatic Wrist Bank: Computer components are very sensitive to static

electricity

Figure 3.1 tool/kits

30
3.2 THE COMPONENTS/PARTS REQUIRED FOR PC CLONING

The components that make a whole PC cannot be over emphasized because they all have various

functions and tasks they perform, these has made it known to the users that they come one after

the other thereby assembling it in procedural process (step by step). The majorly components

that will must put into consideration are.

3.2.1 Computer Case and Power Pack

This is the actual case that will house all your other parts. Name it computers house. It will

dictate how your machine looks all first glances as well as what and how many parts you can put

into your machine. It also let you know the type of motherboard you be going for. The type of

casing going for hare is ATX casing, it should be noted that most motherboard in this new age

also comes up with ATX power pack. So you need not to go for a power separately except the

voltage of the power pack is either high or low to supply the motherboard.

3.2.2 Motherboard

A motherboard is also called a main board or just “The Board”. So don’t get confused, this is

your core computer part. It is where all your components will plug into.

It’s the electronic circuit that provides and attachment for other internal components of computer

system to be fixed on it, some of the attachments it provides are: RAM slot.

3.2.3 Hard disk

This is where your computer stores your programs, personal data and operating System. The

bigger the hard drive the more stuff you can fit on it. It’s also known as mass storage which

stores information for other time consultations.

31
3.2.4 CD/DVD-ROM

This is your optical drive. Optical drives are very handy and nowadays are in more systems than

floppy drives. You use this type of drive to listen to music, watch videos or to backup/move

data.

This optical drive can be a CD-Rom/DVD-Rom capable only of reading CD’s/DVD’s or a

CD/DVD-RW that can read, write and re-write CD’s/DVD’s.

3.2.5 RAM (Memory)

Your RAM (Read Only Memory) aka Memory is what the computer uses to run programs. The

more RAM you have on your machine the easier you make it for your computer to perform its

functions. Is the one that first holds the data you inputted for processing, it is volatile in nature.

3.2.6 TYPES OF CARDS (Video card, Sound card, Network card)

These cards mentioned above has different functions they performed on computer, the

Video card deals with visualization and any type f graphical display of the monitor, it is the one

that provide where monitor can be connected to the computer system.

Sound card deals with production of sound either in audio or video format: it provides port

where audio devices can be plug into called sound jack.

Network card: as the name implies it deals with connection of networks (WAN, LAN) where it

provide port in which connecting cables can be plug into.

As the technologies improve these cards are now onboard with the motherboard so there is no

need to shop for it except if the system required being upgrade.

32
3.3 THE EXTERNAL AND PERIPHERALS COMPONENTS

Monitor: Display processed data made by the computer to the outside word for visualization. It

can be LCD/CRT.

Keyboard: This is used to computer data in to the computer system.

Mouse: It is use to point and click to the desire icon/program that one need to make use of at

any point in time.

Speaker: Produces the sound made by the computer to the outside world.

3.4 PICTURES OF THE ABOVE MENTIONED COMPONENTS AND DEVICES

Figure 3.2.1 MOTHERBOARD Figure 3.2.2 ATX POWER PACK

Figure 3.2.3 HARD DISK DRIVE Figure 3.3.4 MOUSE

33
Figure 3.2.5 COMPUTER CASING

Figure 3.2.6 MONITOR (LCD Display) Figure 3.2.7 KEYBOARD

34
 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM DESIGN AND EVALUATION

This phase describes the process of how the components of the computer system are to be

assembled right from the major components/devices to the least. Thereafter the installation of the

operating system comes in to check and test for the required configuration of the system.

4.1 FEATURES OF THE COMPUTER

PROCESSOR SPEED 3.0GHZ

RAM 6GB

HDD 500GB

MONITOR LED SCREEN

KEYBOARD PS2

MOUSE USB

Ability to run programs like Java, VB, and Fortran etc.

4.2 PROCEDURAL FOR THE ASSEMBLAGE OF THE PC (PERSONAL

COMPUTER)

Availability of workshop or a big table which you will put everything accordingly must be

considered first. Then next step is to un-wrap all the new components/devices from their sachets

staring from the motherboard, processor, memory etc. make sue the manuals of all the

components are intact and you follow as stipulated in other not to damage some components.

The tool/kits needed for the completion of the processes should be made available. After this

must have been done then the procedure begins;

35
4.3 PROCESS OF ASSEMBLING PC

Put on the Static Wrist protector; this will prevent accidental; electric shocks or damage to the

equipment. Always make sure the power IS NOT connected to your case/motherboard!

4.3.1 INSTALLING A SOCKET PROCESSOR AND THE HEAT SINK ON THE

MOTHERBOARD

Lift up the lever that is on the side of the socket. This unlocks the mechanism and gets it ready

for you to insert the processor. Carefully match up the pins on the bottom of the new processor

with the holes in the socket, and then VERY gently insert the processor into the socket. If you

don’t get it right on the first shot pull it straight back up, avoid bending the pins and try again.

Use the corner arrow reference marks on the processor and socket to align the processor in the

socket correctly. Do not force the processor into the socket or you could damage the processor, It

should go in smooth and fit like a glove. Placing the heat sink follows immediately. Connect the

fan power cable to the power cable connector on the system board.

4.3.2 INSTALLING MEMORY MODULES

i. Find the memory module bank on your system board. They should look similar to what

you see below. There may only be two slots instead of four as you see

Align the notches on the memory module with the notches on the memory module bank, and

then press the module firmly into the bank. The tabs on the sides of the module bank should

secure the memory module automatically. When the module Is secure, you hear a click.

iii. Repeat this procedure for any additional memory modules that need to be installed.

36
4.3.3 INSTALLATION OF MOTHERBOARD.

After fixing all the necessary components/devices on the motherboard and making sure that they

all intact then installing of the motherboard to the system case follows, it should be noted that the

power pack comes with casing bough that’s why the step is sipped here. Slide the motherboard

gently towards the back of the Case. The system board standoffs side it the keyhole slots. The

picture is shown below

Fig.4.3.2 Motherboard

Your board should have a thumbscrew to secure it to the case. Screw it in and lock it into place

using your screwdriver or thumb and fore-finger.

After this procedure for installing the motherboard, the outlook is shown above.

It should be noted that configuration set for the Hard Disk is master while the CD ROM Drive is

slave

4.3.4 INSTALLING THE CD ROM AND HARDISK

i. Readily the space for the Hard disk and the CR-ROM drive in the computer case are easy

to know. The HARD DISK and the CD-ROM drive should be placed in to the casing in the form

that will allow cables to be connected.

ii. Connect power cables to your physical hard and CD-ROM drives.

37
Fig. 4.3.4 Computer component

4.3.5 CONNECTING THE POWER SUPPLY CABLES TO THE

MOTHERBOARD

1. There is always a big power supply cable that connects the power supply to the main board

make sure the connector locks into place.

Fig. 4.3.5 Motherboard

2. If you have a second, smaller power cable (Usually four round connectors on it), connect the

smaller power cable to the system board as well, there is only one place it could go and make

sure the cable clicks into place.

38
4.3.6 CONNECTING THE MOTHERBOARD TO THE DRIVES

The picture below shows the IDE cable side that connects to the IDE socket on the main board.

The other end of this cable connects to your hard drive or optical

Fig 4.5.6 IDE Cables

3.3.7 CONNECTING THE FRONT PANEL CABLE

With all the hardware installed correctly, follow these steps to connect the internal cabling.

This is the final step. What you’re going to do here is to make sure that power/standby buttons,

earphone ports etc. that are located on the front of your case are working.

Depending on the case you got there should see a bunch of small cables coming out from it, they

should look similar to the ones below.

Fig. 4.3.7 Front panel cable

39
SPK (Speaker) – For small speaker mounted in the PC Case (if present)

PWR SW (Power switch) – Turns the PC on/off

RST SW (Reset switch) – Resets the system

PWR LED (Power LED) – Shows when system is on (usually green)

SLP LED (Sleep LED) – shows when system is suspended (in ‘sleep’ mode

HDD LED (HDD LED) - Shows when system is accessing hard drive (usually red)

These connectors need to be connected onto a set of grouped pins on the Motherboard. At this

step you will need to refer to your Motherboard manual for the connection method of these

cables.

4.4 INSTALLING THE OPERATING SYSTEM

Since we have successfully coupled the system we now need to install the server operating

system that we work with our project best, for this project we have decided to install from the list

below.

i. Windows Server 2003

ii. Windows Server 2008

iii. Windows Server 2012

iv. Linux (excluding RHEL)

v. Windows Server 2000

vi. Red Hat Enterprise Linus (RHEL)

40
4.4.1 Step One: SETTING THE BIOS

When you first start up your computer, it’ll tell you to press a key ton enter setup, usually DEL.

This takes you to the setup of your Basic Inputs/Outputs System, or BIOS, here; you can

configure some of the lowest-level aspects of your new machine. You may not actually need to

edit any of these settings, but it’s a good idea to go through, get acquainted with them, and make

sure everything’s in good order before moving on.

Note that BIOS will be a little bit different on different brands of motherboard, so your screen

may not look exactly like the images here, but it should be close.

First, we should make sure that everything’s been installed correctly. If your have a System

Information page in your BIOS, head there and make sure the amount of RAM listed is the same

amount you put in. if it isn’t detecting all of your RAM, some of it might not be seated correctly,

so go back and fix that before continuing. If there isn’t a System Information page in your BIOS,

your motherboard probably lists the amount of RAM it detects on the POST screen, right after

you press the power button.

Fin the SATA configuration option, and make sure it’s configured as AHCI. If you’re running

Window XP you’ll need to change this to IDE, otherwise AHCI is probably what you want to go

with.

Lastly, find the “Boot Order” or “Boot Priority” page. Make sure your DVD drive is the first

drive on the list (or your USB drive if you’re installing from a flash drive), and that the hard

drive you’ll be installing to is second. Note that some BIOS utilities split this up into two menus

one for setting the boot order for your different media (CD-ROM, hard disks, USB disks) and

another that lets you choose the order of just the hard drives.If you don’t see your hard drive

listed, it may not be plugged in correctly or it may be dead. Turn your computer off and re-check

the connection if necessary.

41
4.4.2 Step Two: Install Windows Server 2008 R2 or Windows Server 2008

Install Windows Server 2008 R2 or Windows Server 2008 (or flash drive, if that be the case) and

pop it in. Start up your computer and it should automatically boot into the Windows installer. If

you ever get a “Press any key to boot from CD” option, make sure to hit a key on your keyboard

to continue.

Once the installer loads, hit the “Install Now” button, accept the terms of use, and choose

“Custom (advanced)” when asked what type of installation you want. Find your primary hard

drive (if you have more than one), click on the “Unallocated Space” partition, and

42
Fig. 4.4.2 Step by step guide on windows installation.

43
Hit Next. Windows should start installing If you aren’t using a brand new drive, you may have to

format it first. Click on the currently-used partition, click “Drive options (advanced)”, and then

hit “Format”,. It should format the drive to be Widows- compatible, after which you can hit next

and let the installation run.

From there, the rest is just a waiting game. Leave your computer alone to do its thing. It’ll copy

all the necessary files to your disk and reboot a number of times in the process. You’ll know

you’re done when you hear the familiar startup chime and boot into the default Windows 7

desktop.

Select the Computer Name tab ==> click Change to open the Computer Name Changes dialog

box.

Figure. 4.5.2 Renaming Computer.

Follow this guideline while choosing name for computer and workgroup

i. Computer name should be unique in a workgroup.

ii. Workgroup name should be same for all computer.

iii. Workgroup name may be up to 15 characters long and may contain any alphanumeric

(a-z and 0-9) characters, as well as special characters except for ; : " < > * + = \ | ?.

44
 iv. Computer name can be up to 15 characters long and have the same naming

restrictions as workgroup. In addition, the computer name cannot be the same as the

workgroup name.

Enter a new computer name in the Computer Name field and new workgroup name in

Workgroup field and click Ok

Figure. 4.5.3 Renaming the workgroup name.

You will be prompted to restart your computer to complete the name change. Click yes to restart

your computer.

Fig. 4.5.4 Warning to restart

We have completed our first necessary step. Now its time to configure LAN card.

Configure LAN card

First check LAN card driver

Right Click on My Computer ==> properties ==> Hardware ==> Device manager ==> Network

Adaptor ==> Check here (also check under the other devices tag)

45
Situation:- Showing

Fig. 4.5.5 Installed and working properly

Description:- Installed and working properly

Situation:-Showing with Yellow sign

46
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION

5.1 CONCLUSION

The whole research is concerned on building Pentium IV computer which has gather stages on

how each components of the computer system can be fitted.

The research has manage to identify each components/devices with their functions and

specifications and the required tools were used; screwdriver, tester, multi-meter, nose-pliers and

blower machine. The components and their specifications re; 2GBRAM, 3,0 Intel Pentium IV

processor, LCD monitor, ATX easing, ATX motherboard, 80GB HDD, keyboard and mouse.

This research has purportedly achieve the aim of cloning computer system and peer to peer

network that will be used in the school laboratories’

47
 REFERENCES

Anand Lal Shimpi (November 20, 2000). “Intel Pentium 4 1,4GHz & 1.5GHz”.

Anandtech 2007 ^ “Intel Introduces The Pentium 4 Processor”. Intel. Archived from the original

on 2007-04-03. Retrieved 2007-08-14.

Darril Gibson (2011): “Partlist of computer components”

http://en,wikibooks.org/wiki/Image: How To Assemble A Desktop

DineshT. (2009) “Introduction to Computer components” retrieves from

http://ecomputernotes.com/fundamental/introduction-to-computer/what-is-computer . Falodi

E.A, Ogunnusi O.S and Ogunlola O.O (2008) “Introduction to computer”, Jossy

Kay publishers, Ado-Ekiti.

Mobile Intel Pentium 4 Processor-M Datasheet (AUGUST 2004). Intel Corp. the Tech Report.

February 2, 2004. Retrieved 2007-08-28.

Scott Wasson (September 10, 2001): “The Pentium 4 gets SDRAM: Two new chipsets”.

Wasson, Scott and Brown, Andrew (January 7, 2002): Pentium 4 ‘Northwood’ 2.2 GHz,

48
49
50
51