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Poultry Farming Industry Contribution in the World Economy

Preprint · September 2021

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22054.86081

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 Poultry Farming Industry Contribution in the World Economy
Dr.Naushad Khan

Institute of Development Studies, The University of Agriculture Peshawar

Mahnoor Naushad

Institute of Development Studies, The University of Agriculture Peshawar

Shah Fahad

Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar

Shah Faisal

Institute of Development Studies, The University of Agriculture Peshawar

Farooq Shehzad

Department of Rural Sociology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar

Uzair Khan

Capital Degree College Peshawar

ABSTRACT

The study was carried out since August, 2021.The major objective was to see the contribution of
poultry in the world economy. Total 17 articles were downloaded from the net and also authors
own daily data were included in the article. All data shows that poultry has great contribution in
the economic development of the world. It provide meat to the whole world which is full of
essential element which play great role for health development while this sector also generate
employment for the world and play great role for reduction of poverty. Particularly it is mostly
well known in the rural area and it play great role in their family financial crisis. The poultry cost
is less and everyone has capability for rearing in the world. Its demand is increasing day by day
due to population trends. The study concludes that the poultry has great role in the world
development. It generate employment for world and increase the income level of the people and
eradicate poverty. It provide meat and eggs to the world population which is the rich source of the
vitamins and proteins which play great role in health development. It is a short cut business for the
farming communities. There is a great gap in poultry production. USA is on the top in production
while in export Brazil is on the top in the world but in import the Japan is the top country in the
world. Poultry provide 40% meat to the whole world. This business has multiple problems in the
world. The feeding cost is very high and marketing facilities is very complicated. The major
reason is the price fluctuation. Sometime the price is high and sometime is less which create great
problem to poultry farming communities in the world. Different diseases affect the poultry
 production of the world which affects the income level of the poultry farming communities of the
world. Transportation is also the factor which affects the poultry production in the world. There
are also financial problems to poultry farming owner in the world. The demand of poultry is
increasing day by day due to population growth in the world. Now a day the total population of the
world is 7.6 billion and very soon it will be reached to 8 billion which push the poultry demand in
the world. The poultry provide fertilizer to farming community which play great role in agriculture
production. Its manure is on the top in the world but in amount is very less. On the basis of
problems the study recommend to identify the place where its rearing is possible; Government
should provide subsides on inputs and support price on its production selling; Good quarantine
should imposed in the world for protection of poultry industry; Most fund should be provided to
poultry farm owner on low interest in the world by bank; Clean environment should be provided
to chicken community in the world; Quality chicken should be provided to poultry farm owner in
the world; On each farm of the farmer poultry farm should be constructed in the world; Good
services facilities should be provided to poultry owner in the world; Poultry diseases should be
controlled in the world and good research institutions should be established in the world.

Key Words. Poultry Farming , Industry, Contribution, Economy , World

1. INTRODUCTION

Poultry birds are reared for the purpose of eggs, meat and for beautification in the world. There are
so many birds in the world but the major types are Geese, Guinea, water birds, land birds etc.
Some birds rear for eggs while some birds are reared for meat. Forty percent meat is provided by
birds. The meat and eggs are very important for the health of human. There all vitamins and
proteins are present which provide power to human and play great role in immunity development.
There are broiler and layer. The broiler is kept for the purpose of meat while layer are used for the
purpose of eggs. The more poultry is produced in the world in America followed by Brazil, China,
India, Argentina, Ukraine, Russia and Mexico while the position of Pakistan is 11th in the world.
Pakistan tries how to increase poultry farming in Pakistan. In the past the poultry was less in the
world while year by year its growth increased 10% in the world. There are large numbers of farm
in the world. It generates employments for the people in the world. In Pakistan its contribution in
the GD is 1.3 percent while in employment share is 1.5 million. The poultry link with agriculture.
Majority farmers rear it at their farms but the size is less than the large farmer. It play great role in
the reduction of poverty. In 2019 the production in US was 19710 thousand metric tons, Barazil
production was second in the world which was 13800 thousand metric tons. Similarly the EU
production was third in the world and it was 12470 thousand metric tons. The production of China
was 12000 thousand metric tons and its number was fourth. India total production was 5100
thousand metric tons and its number was fifth. The Russia production was 4780 thousand metric
tons and its number was 6th in the world. The Mexico production was 3600 thousand metric tons
and its number was 7th in the world. The Thailand production was 3250 thousand metric tons and
its number was 8th. The ninth number was the Turky and its production was 2225. The Argentina
number was 10th and its production was 2180 thousand metric tons. Largest poultry Meat
exporting countries in 2019 were as follow. Brazil export was 3775 thousand metric tons and its
number in the world was first. The second number was the US and its export was 3248 thousand
metric tons. The EU was third and export was 1500 thousand metric tons. Thailand was fourth and
export was 900 thousand metric tons. China export was fifth and the export was 475 thousand
metric tons. Turky was 6th and export was 400 thousand metric tons. The Ukraine number was 7th
and its export was 350 thousand metric tons. The Belarus number was 8th and total export was 185
while Russia was 9th and total export was 180 thousand metric tons. The Argentina number was
10th and the production was 145 thousand metric tons. The global poultry meat exports were
forecasted 4 percent higher in 2020 to a record 12.5 million tons, according to USDA. Expansion
is largely due to increased China demand which will propel Chinese imports up by 20 percent in
2020. Brazil and Thailand will make the greatest export gains in China as highly pathogenic avian
influenza (HPAI)-related restrictions keep other major suppliers such as the United States out of
that market. The Philippines imports were forecasted up 27 percent as consumers transition from
pork to increasingly price-competitive chicken. The largest importing countries in 2019 was given
as. The Japan import was 1175 thousand metric tons and its number was first in the world. The
Mexico number was second in the world and its import was 860 thousand metric tons. The EU
import was 680 thousand metric tons and its number was 3rd. The Saudi Arabia number in the
world was 4th and its import was 675 thousand metric tons. The Iraq number was 5th and its import
was 640 thousand metric tons. The China number was 6th and its import was 575 thousand metric
tons. The south Africa number was 7th and its import was 545 thousand metric tons. The UAE
number in the world was 8th and its import was 415 thousand metric tons. The Philippines number
was 9th and its import was 340 thousand metric tons while Angola number was 10th and its import
was 340 thousand metric tons. Seeing to its importance the present study was arranged to find out
the contribution of poultry farm in the world.
2. METHODS AND MATERIALS

The universe of the study was the world. The objective was to know the poultry contribution in the
world. Total 18 articles were downloaded from the net and studied in depth and make the abstract,
conclusion and recommendations. On self basis the study was carried out and no fund was
provided by any funding agencies.

3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ABOUT POULTRY CONTRIBUTION IN THE WORLD

The following studies were downloaded from the net and reviewed in depth and analyzed the
situation about poultry contribution in the world.
1. Bushman(1977) studied the importance of poultry farming on small farms. He told that
subsistence farming has great role in income improvement and has also great importance with
other enterprises of farm. He mostly focused on ducks and told that duck produce quality meat
and eggs on low cost in the world.
2. The global poultry production in 2020 was very higher in the world. It provide quality meat to
the world population. Similarly the poultry meat is highly demanded in the future and its
growth will be more. The poultry meat has mono-saturated fats, and also consists of vitamin
B-complex and it provide more protein to the body. The total global market value in 2018 was
US$ 267.3. Asia Pacific position in poultry was higher than the other countries of the world
and it is accounted 27.37% share in the world in 2018. The main thing is the more population
in the world which demanded more poultry birds for their eating. According to FAO China per
capita in poultry consumption was 11.6 Kg in 2018. The China and India population growth is
more, so it will be demanded more poultry in the future. According to United State
Department of Agriculture the China chicken production in 2017 was 700,000 metric ton
while it increased to 11.7 million metric tons in 2018. Similarly broiler meat consumption was
increased by 1% in 2018 compared to 2017. The US Production in 2019 was 19710 thousand
metric tons and it was on the top in the world, Barazil production was second in the world
which was 13800 thousand metric tons. Similarly the EU production was third in the world
and it was 12470 thousand metric tons. The production of China was 12000 thousand metric
tons and its number was fourth. India total production was 5100 thousand metric tons and its
number was fifth. The Russia production was 4780 thousand metric tons and its number was
6th 7th
in the world. The Mexico production was 3600 thousand metric tons and its number was
8th
in the world. The Thailand production was 3250 thousand metric tons and its number was .
The ninth number was the Turky and its production was 2225. The Argentina number was 10th
and its production was 2180 thousand metric tons. The Pakistan production was 11th in the
world. The global chicken meat industry consists of many different production levels including
feed mills, hatcheries, growing farms, and processing plants. In 2017 there were 22.85 billion
chickens worldwide, up from 14.38 billion chickens in 2000. The United States of America is
the world’s largest poultry meat producer, with 18 percent of global output, followed by
Brazil, EU and China. Top Facts in the Global Poultry Meat Industry. To meet growing
demand, world poultry meat production soared from 9 to 122 million tones between 1961 and
2017, and egg production shot up from 15 to 87 million tones. In 2017, poultry meat
represented about 37 percent of global meat production. Poultry is now the world’s primary
source of animal protein, followed by pork. In the last three decades, world egg production has
increased by more than 150 percent. Much of this growth has been in Asia, where production
increased almost fourfold. Poultry is raised by approximately 80 percent of rural households in
developing countries, Between 2000 and 2030, per capita demand for poultry meat is projected
to increase by 271 percent in South Asia, 116 percent in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 97
percent in the Middle East and North Africa and 91 percent in East Asia and the Pacific.
Worldwide, there will be 35 percent more demand for animal protein in the next 20 years.
Poultry will see the largest increase, about 2 percent, while expansion for eggs will be 1.6
percent; seafood, 1.2 percent; beef, 1.1 percent; and pork, 1 percent. Consumer demand is
changing while economies develop; wealthier countries consumer more meat. Australia has the
highest global per capita consumption of meat in the world. Largest poultry Meat exporting
countries in 2019 were the following. Brazil export was 3775 thousand metric tons and its
number in the world was first. The second number was the US and its export was 3248
thousand metric tons. The EU was third and export was 1500 thousand metric tons. Thailand
was fourth and export was 900 thousand metric tons. China export was fifth and the export
6th
was 475 thousand metric tons. Turky was and export was 400 thousand metric tons. The
7th 8th
Ukraine number was and its export was 350. The Belarus number was and total export
9th
was 185 while Russia was and total export was 180 thousand metric tons. The Argentina
number was 10th and the production was 145 thousand metric tons. The global poultry meat
exports were forecasted 4 percent higher in 2020 to a record 12.5 million tons, according
to USDA. Expansion is largely due to increased China demand which will propel Chinese
imports up by 20 percent in 2020. Brazil and Thailand will make the greatest export gains in
China as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)-related restrictions keep other major
suppliers such as the United States out of that market. The Philippines imports were forecasted
 up 27 percent as consumers transition from pork to increasingly price-competitive chicken.
The largest importing countries in 2019 was given as. The Japan import was 1175 thousand
metric tons and its number was first in the world. The Mexico number was second in the world
and its import was 860 thousand metric tons. The EU import was 680 thousand metric tons and
3rd 4th
its number was . The Saudi Arabia number in the world was and its import was 675
5th
thousand metric tons. The Iraq number was and its import was 640 thousand metric tons.
6th
The China number was and its import was 575 thousand metric tons. The south Africa
7th
number was and its import was 545 thousand metric tons. The UAE number in the world
8th 9th
was and its import was 415 thousand metric tons. The Philppines number was and its
import was 340 thousand metric tons while Angola number was 10th and its import was 340
thousand metric tons. Japan is currently the largest poultry meat importer in the world. USDA
reported that, through the first half of 2019, total chicken imports in Japan trended three
percent lower than the previous year as imports fell from all three of Japan’s main suppliers:
Brazil, Thailand, and China. Japan remains heavily dependent on these three countries which
together accounted for 98 percent of Japan’s chicken imports . Imports from Brazil, which
supplies the bulk of Japan’s chilled and frozen chicken meat, dropped one percent due to
reduced domestic processing demand as well as import competition from other countries,
including China.Join BizVibe, and discover thousands of world’s leading poultry meat
suppliers and buyers today! https://blog.bizvibe.com/blog/top-poultry-meat-producing-
countries

3. Dhaliwal et al (2019) told that poultry farming is the rearing of birds such
asas chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese, for the purpose of meat or eggs for food. . Fifty
billion chickens are reared annually for the purpose of food in the country. Chickens reared for
eggs is called layers while for meat is called broiler. It provide cheap meat to the nation. It is
the fastest growing industry in India in agriculture sector but agriculture crop raising is 1.5 to 2
percent but the poultry is 8% per year. India number is five in egg production in the world and
produce 55.6 billion eggs in 2018 according to FAO. It is important source of proteins,
minerals and vitamins to fulfill the human diet. It is the main source of farming income. The
poultry is popular for raising employment in the country. Poultry provide manure which play
great role as a fertilizer for raising yield of all crops. Commercial hens usually begin eggs at
16–20 weeks of age and production decline at age of 25 week age while in some countries in
the age of 72 flocks are considered economically unviable. They are slaughtered after
approximately 12 months of egg production. Aseel (Fighting purpose), Chitlagong,
Kadacknath (Resh is black in colour) Bursa, Commercial Broiler strains, Cobb, leghorn, RIR,
Newhampshire etc., Commercial Layer Strains: Eg.RIR. Broiler: Broilers are young chicken of
either sex, which are reared primarily for meat purposes and marketed at an age of 6-8 weeks.
Grower: birds during 9-20 weeks or to the point of laying is referred to as grower period.
Layer: The birds during 21-72 weeks of age for the purpose of laying eggs (egg production).
Poultry management usually refers to the husbandry practices or production techniques that
help to maximize the efficiency of production. Brooder house should be draft-free, rain-proof
and protected against predators. Good ventilation provides a comfortable environment without
draft. All movable equipments like feeders, waterers and hovers should be removed from the
house, cleaned and disinfected. Suitable litter material like saw-dust and paddy husk should be
spread to a length of 5 cm depending upon their availability and cost. During the first week the
temperature should be 95°F (35°C) which may be reduced by 5°F per week during each
successive week till 70°F (21·10C). The brooder should be switched on for at least 24 hours
before the chicks arrive. The behavior of chicks provides better indication of whether they are
getting the desired amount of heat. . When the temperature is less than required, the chicks try
to get closer to the source of heat and huddle down under the brooder. When the temperature is
too high, the chicks will get away from the source of heat and may even pant or gasp. When
temperature is right, the chicks will be found evenly scattered. In hot weather, brooders are not
necessary after the chicks are about 3 weeks old. Brooder space of 7 to 10 sq inch (45-65 cm2)
is recommended per chick. Thus a 1·80 m hover can hold 500 chicks. To prevent the straying
of baby chicks from the source of heat, hover guards are placed 1·05 to 1·50 m from the edge
of hover. Hover guard is not necessary after 1 week. Floor space of 0·05 m2 should be
provided per chick to start with, which should be increased by 0·05 m2 after every 4 weeks
until the pullets are about 20 weeks of age. For broilers at least 0·1 m2 of floor space for
female chicks and 0·15 m2 for male chicks should be provided till 8 weeks of age. Plentiful of
clean and fresh water is very much essential. A provision of 50 linear cm of water space per
100 chicks for first two weeks has to be increased to 152-190 linear cm at 6 to 8 weeks. Use
correct lighting schedule to ensure better performance. While light period should not be
increased for growing birds, it would be advantageous to increase the light periods or
photoperiod for laying chicken from 22nd week of age onwards at the rate of 15 minutes per
week so as to reach 16 hours of total photoperiod. When the birds have been in lay for about 6
months, the photoperiod may be increased to 17 hours per day. The maize/Wheat is 10,25
gram, Jowar/Bajra/ Rice is 13.10, Rice polish is 16.28 gram, Maize gluten is 19 gram,
Soyabean meal is 22. Dicalcium phosphate is 19.15 gram, Quick lime is 22.05.The advantages
 of cage rearing are easy management, housing of more number of birds in limited space, clean
egg production, less problem due to parasites and other diseases, easier culling, etc. Some of
the disadvantages include high initial investment, wet dropping, odour and fly problem. To
offset these problems, elevated cage houses are useful. Long, continuous troughs are used for
feeding caged layers. Water is supplied by channel running the length of the cage unit. The
water channel is usually placed above the feed trough outside the cage. Instead of water
channel, nipple drinkers can also be provided. Birds should be de wormed once in every 3
months. Culling: Year round culling of unproductive stock will fetch better profit. Culling is
based on physical characters, which reflect the physiological changes related to egg
production. Culling for poor production or non-production requires handling of all the stocks
in the laying pen. Since culling may be a source of annoyance to the flock thereby causing a
drop in production it should be practiced in the night. Culling from outward Appearance: The
appearance of a bird though not an index of its laying ability gives an idea about its health and
vigour. The main characteristic for distinguishing a layer from a non-layer is given below.
Comb and wattle of Laying hen is full, red, waxy, warm and velvet like while non laying hen
is dry, hard cold, coarse and shrunken. The beak of laying hen is stocky, well curved, worn
out and less yellow but the non laying hen is beak is very long, thin, sharp pointed and
yellow. Moulting which refers to the shedding of feathers provides some indication about the
laying capacity of a bird. Good layers not only moult late but also complete the moulting
period quickly and sometimes continue to lay even during moulting. Laying flocks are
generally to be liquidated after one year of production, since keeping them longer into second
year of production may be uneconomical. If there is any outbreak of vertically transmitted
diseases, like salmonellosis, total culling is recommended

4. Hussain et al (2015) reviewed that poultry sector has significant contribution to GDP (1.3%)
in Pakistan. Pakistan has taken the start in 1960 and provide significant daily protein to
Pakistani nation. During this period poultry industry enjoyed promotional policies of the
Government while faced several challenges disease outbreaks and retail price fluctuations but
no evolutionary history are available. This review is an effort to encompass the history of the
overall growth of the poultry industry in Pakistan, its present status (2012 statistics) and future
directions and challenges. This article may serve as the basic source of information on
Pakistan’s poultry industry achievements. It will also guide poultry experts and policy makers
for developing strategic planning for further growth of the industry. There is a long list of
issues linked with the Pakistani poultry industry and proper strategies are needed to address
 these in order to show effective presence in international markets. The general law and order
situation in Pakistan has been a factor contributing to slower growth of the local poultry
industry, especially in the last 10 years. Long hours shortage of electricity has damage
majority poultry farming in Pakistan. Still no free disease able chicken are available in the
market. It is necessary for the government to make different institution for the purpose of
research in the country for uplifting this industry.

5. Hafiz et al (2020) explained that global collaboration and trade linkage to the market play
great role in poultry development in the world. The consumer demand for high quality poultry
will robustly affect production practices of the world. Biosecurity, hygiene, immunity are front
lines problems to poultry industry in the world.The poultry industry is to globally unify the
health care system and biosecurity of the industry all one unit, and this lesson learned from
COVID-19 as world health is one unit because the animal disease transfer to human in the
world. Unify and regulate global animal and poultry movement and trade of domestic and
wild animals. Assure product quality and imposed new programs to prevent zoonotic disease
transmission. Considering poultry labors are frontline workers and are vitally important, not
disposable, and supported them with all necessary protections such as physical and financial
health to establish vital and cost-effective measures. This strategy included improving the
educational background of workers through continuing education and training programs,
improving biosecurity and hygienic measurements for poultry men, slaughterhouses, and feed
plants, and in farm biosecurity and hygiene. Strategically, the COVID-19 pandemic has taught
us that research must continue and be reoriented to discover new vaccines. For farms, fast and
affordable diagnostic tools and supplementary methods to prevent diseases are urgently
needed. It should be prospective and incorporate emerging zoonotic diseases that may require
new vaccines for their control. Continuous education programs should be implemented at all
levels of the poultry industry and must be renewed every three years. Implementing key
measures will ensure that workers' financial stability and well-being is prioritized.

6. Bahri et al (2019) reported that Broiler industry is the vital industry for meat provision to the
world due to increasing of population. This industry provide meat to the world and fulfill the
demand of meat. Such type situation is also present in Malysia and it play great role in GDP
improvement while there are so many challenges which affect the broiler production in the
Malysia. The main problem is the environment which affect the production practices of
Malysia. Favorable environment play great role in broiler industry development in the world.
 On one side the population is growing but on the side it need more foods so the broiler
industry play great role for fulfilling the food demand of the nation. There is a great gape and
the growth of this industry in the world is more than the other industries improving. At world
the poultry annual growth rate is 8% while the other sector development is below this level.

7. Anne Mottet and G. Tempio et al (April 2017) studied the current and future situation of the
poultry farming trend in the world. The poultry produce meat and eggs which play great role in
human food fulfillment. The food is rich in protein, vitamin and other minerals which is the
essential part of the human health ant it play great role in immunity and in health development.
The poultry feed is get from the crops vegetable and plant which want more water and good
land. The poultry sector convert this agriculture produce into meat which is the essential part
of the human body while it also pollute the environment which affect the climate and add
some gases to air and depleted the Ozone which latter on affect the human health by sun
raising falling and create the problem of cancer and irritation in the human. So this industry
has great role in food provision while this industry has also some disadvantages in the world.
Poultry farming is good source of poverty elevation in the world. The rural farmer keep some
birds at their home which play great role in the time of financial crisis of family. No a day this
industry is in the boom and every country of the world try for its development.

8. Wahyono N.D , M M D Utami (2018) told that poultry meat is important source of human
health and its price is very low while the meat is very tasty and easily accessible in the world.
It provide protein, vitamin and other minerals to the body which play great role in immunity
and health development. Now a day globalization need competitive product such as Indonesia
product not only based on less cost, more production but also it care the safety of food which
is consumed by human so better quality chicken meat is also the requirement of the consumers
of the world. It starts from the farm and end when it reaches to consumer table. So there the
government care is also necessary for quality chicken meat production. This industry needs
good transportation, good storage availability and good Doctors in the world. Its improvement
is the work of the government to provide good facilities for uplifting this industry. It plays
great role in income generation and employment and poverty reduction. It shares 1.5% to GDP
of the world. So it is necessary for the world to create links for improvement and help one
another for uplifting this industry in the world because it plays vital role in food problem
solution which is the need of the day of the world. Day by day the population is increasing
which need food and the poultry industry play great role in food solution in the world.
9. Penz and Bruno (2020) reported that the increasing demand for animal products resulting from
demographic factors, technical and scientific developments, diminishing resources, and
increasing consumer demands for more food safety, lower environmental impact, and better
animal welfare conditions will determine the development of the poultry industry during the next
decade. In this scenario, the traceability of poultry products will be essential. This requires the
careful selection of input suppliers, with the focus on product quality rather than on price.
Monitoring flock health status will also be the key for the safe expansion of the poultry industry.
As to the rearing environment, heat production by broilers should be taken into account, and its
utilisation considered as an alternative energy source.
In the field of nutrition and food technology, the most significant aspects will be the use of
enzymes, the evaluation of non-nutritional factors, which may maximize ingredient utilization by
the birds (feed processing and particle size), the utilization of new synthetic amino acids on an
industrial scale, the application of new feed formulation concepts to improve dietary energy
utilization, the use of nutraceuticals to modulate intestinal microbiota and the immune system as
an alternative to therapeutics, and the use of special pre-starter diets. Feedstuffs should no longer
be considered as commodities. Qualitative and nutritional criteria should be used for their
purchase and segregation in feed mills. Technologies allowing the immediate analysis of
feedstuffs, such as NIRS, will be required. Genetic engineering will become an important tool to
improve feedstuff nutritional quality and, perhaps, bird performance.
In this sophisticated context, growth modeling and data-analysis using computer systems will
allow more robust decision-making, which will be the key for the sustainability and success of the
poultry industry.( https://www.thepoultrysite.com/articles/challenges-facing-the-global-poultry-
industry-to-2020).

10. Poultry is going upward in many part of the world. The main reason is urbanization and more
population and purchasing power. Population increase and purchasing power increase the
demand of the poultry meat in the world. Breeding advances has changed the scenario of the
world while it needs expert management. The new technologies have increased the safety and
efficiency while recommended the large scale industries unit instead of small scale industry
unit in the world for high improvement of poultry farming. These have changed the economic
structure of the world. The primary objective of this is to boost poultry farming in rural family
and to reduce the poverty in the developing country of the world. America is the largest
poultry producer in the world and its global output share is 17 percent which is followed by
China and Brazil while in egg production China is on the top and share is 37% and followed
 by United state and share is 7%, India is 6%. Asia is the largest producing country of the world
and its share is 64% in egg. In 1961 the meat production was 9 million tones while in 2019 it
was 132 million tones while egg production was 15 million tones but in 2019 was 90 million
tones and global share the meat was 39% and in the last three decade its production was 150
percent and which was fourfold and the raised was 80% in rural household in the developing
countries of the world. http://www.fao.org/poultry-production-products/production/en/

11. The United Nations Millennium goals call for decreasing the hungry people in the world by
2015. Total 824 million people were affected by chronic hunger in 2003. This program main
objective was that to decrease child mortality which was 168/1000 births.. Eggs and poultry
are the important source of nutrient namely protein, vitamins (B12) and other minerals.
Poultry are produced by three system in the world namely commercial large scale poultry,
second traditional village scavenging poultry and third semi commercial worldwide, In
addition, there are alternative systems, including free range and organic. In the rural areas of
Vietnam, there are estimated to be 86 million chickens and 29 million ducks; three-fourths of
all poultry are maintained in the traditional village system. Similarly, in Tanzania in East
Africa, there are estimated to be 26.6 million scavenging chickens and 1.2 million other
poultry, mainly ducks . In 1997, it was estimated that 70% of African poultry (1.5 billion
chickens) and between 15 (Malaysia) and 98% (Vietnam) of poultry in Asian countries were of
the traditional village-scavenging type. With the development of a commercial poultry
industry particularly in Asia, these figures are undoubtedly overestimates.. The Global Theme
Issue is an international collaboration of journals from developed and developing countries.
This editorial represents our contribution to this important global effort. 2289 Village poultry
contribute significantly to poverty alleviation and the improvement of food security. They
provide a source of high-quality protein. “Village chicken products are often the only source of
animal protein for resource-poor households. Eggs are a source of high-quality protein for sick
and malnourished children under the age of five.” “Estimates based on human and livestock
populations in Ethiopia showed that the village chicken provides 12.5 kg of poultry meat per
capita per year, whereas cattle provide only 5.34 kg. Moreover, poultry products can be sold or
bartered to provide a source of income. This may be one of the few, or only, sources of cash
income. Another advantage of traditional poultry is that it is said that women and children own
and are responsible for the poultry. Traditional system play great role in the income generation
of the villagers in the country and in world this system is very popular but the increase is not
such that which is in commercial farming. It is recommended to all world to give due attention
 to traditional system in the world to boost up the poultry farming. Give credit to farmers for
uplifting to this system. Training by educational institution to farmers is necessary for uplifting
poultry production in the world. The traditional system is mostly running in the developing
countries of the world while the other systems are running in the developed countries of the
world.(: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5890368)

12. Poultry industry play great role in agriculture sector of Pakistan. Its share in GDP is 1.4%.
Commercial poultry industry was initiated in 1960 and in the start many challenges were faced
to poultry owner in the country while latter on enjoyed friendly policies of the government in
Pakistan. It stabilized poultry farming in 1990 by entering big investors in the country along
with modern technologies. Now the poultry industry is the second largest industry of Pakistan.
It provides 1.5 million employments in the country and now Pakistan has 11th position in the
world. The total production is 1.02 billion broilers, 48.83 million layers and 11.8 million
breeding stock annually. The present investment is Rs.700 billion in the country and show
commercial layer, breeders and broiler growth rate 7%, 5%, and 10% respectively. The WHO
standard of meat is 27g daily while the Pakistan is still 17g. Poultry industry improvement will
cover the standard of WHO very soon if Pakistan government provide facilities to poultry
farming owner in the country. Now the government of Pakistan has taken serious action for
uplifting this industry. It has boosted the chicken, ostrich, duck farming in Pakistan and has
provided subsidy to the farmers in this regard while still awareness is need to fulfill the
demand of the local and global Meat of the country and world. The reviewer has done
important work for policy formulator in the country and have diagnosed the problems whose
solution is necessary for enhancing this industry. .
(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334030390_Poultry_industry_and_its_thriving_futu
re_in_Pakistan)

13. Commercial poultry was first established in 1962. According to survey it is the largest agro
based industry of agriculture. The invested money on this sector is more than Rs.1,082 Billion.
This industry has tremendous contribution for animal protein in the country. It provides
cheapest protein to the nation on low prices. Pakistani nation consumed less protein according
to WHO, So for this purpose more poultry production is required for Pakistani nation. It is the
essential part of food and necessary for body health. It generate employment for the nation
which is 1.5 million people directly or indirectly while its growth rate is 10-12% in the
country. Presently over 190 billion rupees worth of agriculture produce is used for poultry feed
 in Pakistan. There are 15000 poultry farms working in Pakistan across the country from Karchi
to Peshawar and the Capacity 5,000 to 500,000 broilers. Marketing channels of broilers and
eggs are also on the top in Pakistan while 45% of the total meat consumption product is gained
from poultry. Poultry Slaughterhouses and Processing/Value in organized sector is 5-6%
annually. Pakistan are producing 17,500 million table eggs and 1,322 million kilo grams
chicken meat while per capita consumption is 88 eggs and meat is only 6.61 kilo grams
annually. Developed world consumption is 40 kilo grams meat and over 300 eggs per capita
per year and consuming less animal protein as per required standards.
https://pakistanpoultrycentral.pk/news/an-overview-of-pakistan-poultry-industry-year-2019-
2020/

14. In 1963 the desi hen production per year was 73 while through research new breed namely
silver black was developed by Faisal Abad University Punjab and its egg production was
150/year in 1965-66 in the department of husbandry.The weight was 1.4 kg within 12 week
under favorable management. Poultry was kept as commercial business and national campaign
were arranged for enhancing poultry production in the country. Under this condition
government announce exemption policy of tax on the income of poultry farming. First
hatchery was initiated in Karachi by. Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) in collaboration
with Shaver Poultry Breeding Farms of Canada while poultry feed mill was started by Lever
Brothers (Pvt), Pakistan Ltd., at Rahim Yar Khan, which was followed by other pioneers like
Arbor AcresLtd. Special emphasis was laid by the Government on development of poultry
industry in the country during 1965-75. Similarly all possible facilities to poultry industry
were given in the annual development Plan. Different incentives were provided in this plan.
Which are given as:- Tax was exempted on poultry farming income; Duty tax on flock and
incubators were exempted. State land were allotted on nominal rate to poultry owner in the
country; Poultry research institutes were made in Karachi and Rawalpindi through FAO to
facilitate research services specifically concerning disease control programmes; In the country
two meatless days were announced for poultry meat consumption; Subsidy on grains to form
low cost quality ration, through UNDP-grains were arranged ; Loan through ADBP for the
construction, of poultry sheds were announced; Established directorates of Poultry Production
in Karachi and Punjab for provision of extension services to the poultry farmers ;
Establishment of Federal Poultry Board to coordinate government and industry activities in the
poultry business. The subsequent development of Pakistan’s Poultry Industry was divided into
four phases while all facilities were given to this industry in the country while this boom
 period was ended in 1990. The production of poultry were increased highly in this period and
Pakistan was counted as big producer in the world and now its number is 11th position in the
world in production of eggs and poultry meat.
http://www.pakissan.com/english/agri.overview/history.development.poultry.industry.pakistan
.shtml

15. Aslam et al (2020) told that detailed value chain maps and information on integrated,
independent, and backyard production were used to characterize the chicken industry in
Pakistan, and to highlight structural differences between broiler and layer production systems.
The analyses revealed the dominance of specific stakeholders, actors and markets in supplying
chicken and its products throughout the country. Processed markets were mainly captured by
FIBP, PIBP, or PILC where the role of middlemen was negligible, while the wet market was
dominated by independent farmers where middlemen influenced the pricing of goods and
supplied live birds and eggs to chicken stalls and retail shops. Lack of efficient government
policies on price control and farm biosecurity were reported to lead to price fluctuations and
inefficient disposal of dead birds. The current study provides baseline information on chicken
value chains in Pakistan and identifies factors causing disruptions in the operations of this
sector, along with aspects that influence prices. It can be used as a basis for economic impact
assessment of chicken diseases and the calculation of economic efficiency of vaccines in
different production systems. Stakeholders identified could be targeted for devising policies
and novel interventions for efficient control of diseases in the industry.

16. Nigerians told that this type business does not want fertile land and does not depend on the
weather. First see the situation what poultry are there and which poultry is economically
sound. The sound poultry are the layers and broiler in the world which play great role in the
development of family income while commercial poultry also play great role for income
generation and employment in the world. It is the only source of poverty reduction. The
developing countries mostly used this methodology in the world. The demand is more in the
world and very less cost come on rearing while its meat is very delicious in the world.
Majority people demanded the poultry meat. Therefore in special ceremony this meat is
available on the table. People also demanded in marriage ceremonies.
( https://www.legit.ng/1211088-types-poultry-farming-nigeria.html).

4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 The study concludes that the poultry has great role in the world development. It generate
employment for world and increase the income level of the people and eradicate poverty. It
provide meat and eggs to the world population which is the rich source of the vitamins and
proteins which play great role in health development. It is a short cut business for the farming
communities. There is a great gap in poultry production. USA is on the top in production while in
export Brazil is on the top in the world but in import the Japan is the top country in the world. It
provide 40% meat to the whole world. This business has multiple problems in the world. The
feeding cost is very high and marketing facilities is very complicated. The major reason is the
price fluctuation. Sometime the price is high and sometime is less which create great problem to
poultry farming communities in the world. Different diseases affect the poultry production of the
world which affects the income level of the poultry farming communities of the world.
Transportation is also the factor which affects the poultry production in the world. There are also
financial problems to poultry farming owner in the world. The demand of poultry is increasing day
by day due to population growth in the world. Now a day the total population of the world is 7.6
billion and very soon it will be reached to 8 billion which push the poultry demand in the world.
On the basis of problems the study recommend to identify the place where its rearing is possible;
Government should provide subsides on inputs and support price on its production selling; Good
quarantine should imposed in the world for protection of poultry industry; Most fund should be
provided to poultry farm owner on low interest in the world by bank; Clean environment should
be provided to chicken community in the world; Quality chicken should be provided to poultry
farm owner in the world; On each farm of the farmer poultry farm should be constructed in the
world; Good services facilities should be provided to poultry owner in the world; Poultry diseases
should be controlled in the world and good research institutions should be established in the
world.

5. AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION

Dr.Naushad Khan created the idea while the other authors help in downloading, writing and
proofreading of the paper. Uzair Khan helped in computer analysis, and writing the paper.

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The major contribution goes to Allah who gave power to authors for writing this paper while
Dr.Himayatullah also help in analysis and give suggestions for its improvement.We also thankful
to SSRN for reviewing the paper.
7. FUNDING

No fund was provided by any agency while on help basis the paper was written

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