Materials, Processes & Constructions

Course no.: Arch 2266 Submitted to:

A Presentation on the Aesthetic aspects of Md. Sk. Maruf Hossain

Construction Materials Associate Professor

Nur Mohammad Khan

Assistant Professor

Sk. Hassan Al-Tanbin

Assistant Professor

Submitted by:
Group no: 04
Roll no:
190132, 190149, 190152, 190154,
180118

Architecture Discipline
Khulna University
 Aesthetic aspects of Construction Materials
The aesthetics of a building is one of the principal aspects considered in architectural construction. Changes in the appearance
of materials can differ due to kinetics of the responses related to the material resistance as well as due to intensity of the
degrading factors.
The appeal of a building covers the combined effects of a building’s shape, size, texture, color, balance, unity, movement,
emphasis, contrast, symmetry, proportion, space, alignment, pattern, decoration, culture and context.
Here, we are discussing about the aesthetic purpose of five materials as architectural building materials-

• Brick
• Wood
• Bamboo
• Mud
• Waste
Materials
 1.BRICK

• Bricks are perhaps the most elementary of building materials and can be used to design modular, optimized, and most
importantly, versatile buildings.
• Brick is an inexhaustible, earthy and natural building material.
• It is a more preferred building material as it is eco-friendly, durable, and offers permanence, strength, style, stability, as well as
security and design integrity.
• Brick architecture creates a pleasant microclimate, and a habitable oasis at different times of the year.
• Modern architects have found innumerable ways of designing with bricks that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
• Ludwig Mies van der Rohe said, ‘Architecture starts when you carefully put two bricks together. There it begins.’
• A Brick in modern architecture is the most treasured building material for its timeless, versatile, and ever-evolving nature.
• Brick has remarkable qualities and numerous masonry uses which have some of the greatest architects of the modern era, like
Louis Isadore Kahn and Frank Lloyd Wright, creating notable brick buildings. In modern times, brick architecture allows the
architects to explore its unique raw-ness, and various colors, textures or shapes.
1. Exposed Bricks

• From the reddish-brown, rustic tones to the warm hues of orange

exposed brickwork have an unmistakable charm and envelop a place to
make it space.
• The fall reminiscing colors of the exposed brick walls add textures and
contrast to the contemporary designs.
• They have a rough, raw and organic finish which gives the building a
definite character.
• The interior finishes either amplify, balance or complement the
features of the design.
• Exposed brick buildings help to avoid any pollution from the
manufacture of additional material, reduce the cost, and also give it a Exposed Brick Interiors The Institute for Integrated
raw finish. Learning in Management in
Greater Noida, India
2. Weathered Bricks

• Weathered brick architecture often holds a story, which connects people with the past and the
present.
• It has functional, contemporary design solutions while being sensitive and respecting its history.
• This brick masonry gives the brick walls a dramatic look and becomes a backdrop for the modern
finished or unfinished features that inhabit the space.
• Weathered bricks reflect the simplicity of the forms and proportions of the building.
• The transparency of the raw brick masonry used allows the original heritage of the building to
become a prominent part of the design.
• This type of brick architecture is quite desirable for apartments, or restaurants with rustic themes,
or stores, often exterior brick facades as well.
3. Colored Bricks
Bricks are available in different colors that are visually very captivating and can be of alternative horizontal or vertical layouts.

The colors affect the psychology of the users of the building,

so it becomes very crucial to have a theme which fits with
the purpose. It is ideal for the exterior facades, as it has
permanent effects, low maintenance, and is less prone to
water damage. The following are the popular colors of the
bricks that are available:

i. Red
Red bricks are usually associated with old or classical architecture. It is the traditional color of the
bricks, which creates a vintage aesthetic. Red brickwork attracts attention and produces a distinctive
style of the area. Apart from traditional architecture, it adopts an old character to a new building or
neighborhood.

ii. Brown or Tan

Brown or Tan colored bricks are quite similar to red bricks, But they differ noticeably in their uses.
These bricks are used in buildings to create an essence of a timeless, earthy, and natural aesthetic.
Often mixing of red, tan or brown to generate a unique intermediate color to the buildings is done.
These shades merge with the landscapes and stand out as well while bringing comfort and balance
to the design. They add a sense of strength and solidity to any facade or interior.
Patterns City Archive Delft
©Office Winhov
iii. White
• White bricks create a clean, minimal and modern look.
• This brickwork aims to make a space chic as well as vintage.
• Usually, used in stores, restaurants, or apartments.
• Sometimes it is also used in religious buildings, which generate a
calm environment.
• This type of masonry makes space appear larger and very lively when used
with vibrant colors, plants, or furniture.
• White brick architecture also creates an undulating optical effect.

iv. Black
• Black colored bricks form a sleek and modern style of design.
• Black color generates a feeling of smaller rooms and absorbs the heat that gives
warmth to the spaces.
• It also accentuates the internal differences in texture and pattern.

v. Miscellaneous Colors
• Other than the afore-mentioned colors, bricks are available in grey, pink, or
orange colors too. These shades are less common.
• Since there is no single natural color, they have less defined features.
• Colors depend on the location, local availability of the materials, the temperature
while baking the bricks, etc.
• Chemical properties, like iron or lime content, also change the color of the bricks.
4. Brick Arches and Vaults
• Brick arches facilitate long spans by supporting the vertical loads mainly by axial compression.
• Gothic, basket-handle and flat arches are some of the famous types of brick arches.
• Notable uses of such vaults are in industrial buildings, workshops, factories, or warehouses

5. Undulating Forms or Facades

i. Rippled or Parametric Facade ii. Twisted

6. Merging Bricks with Other Materials
• Finished or unfinished brick walls, floors and ceilings when merged with materials like
wood, steel, glass or concrete, gives the building a modern look that highlights as well as
balances its features.
• Brick architecture of this kind mostly has an aesthetic of the rural times while others have
that of the industrial age.
• It creates a contrast between the warm brick walls and sleek wooden, metal, glass or raw
concrete features or remnants of the building.
• Brick ceilings are very rare, but they create a shining centerpiece for a room.

7. Perforated Patterns
• Perforated or also known as Hole-punctured bricks, bring natural light and
fresh air inside.
• These patterns or jails increase indoor air quality with
proper ventilation and make the spaces bright and airy.
• The brick masonry was arranged in artistic ways with solids and voids of
latticework.
• It is either irregularly arranged to create an unfinished look or placed in a
traditional gridded formation for a sleek look.
• They generally have low cost and high functionality.
• Most perforated patterns or jails form a permeable building envelope with
slight gaps to allow light and air filter through.
• It also creates a visual barrier and separates the formal spaces from
informal ones.
8. Artworks or Sculptures | Brick Buildings
• The integration of artworks, installations, pavilions or sculptures
into architecture is quite intriguing.
• There is a lot of scope for making 3-dimensional sculptures and
experimenting with bricks.
• They become incredible works of art that define a culture where
the sculptors carve or mould brickwork making these public
artworks or sculptures a part of our daily lives.
 2.WOOD
Wood has been a part, whole or in part, of the buildings built by the man from the Neolithic; before the man is available with
tools with sufficient capacity to court and to work wood is a material for the construction of our first shelter.
Wood plays a vital role in the aesthetic expression of the building's skin, and it has created a series of masterpieces-
• Wood has strong compatibility and flexibility, and can be perfectly blended with different materials.
• It creates different spatial atmospheres through color, texture, light and shadow changes and combinations.
• It is elegant, intimate, green and energy-saving. Can give people a relaxed, soft psychological feeling.
• the wood is a skin material with excellent aesthetic characteristics and has a unique material charm.

BUGA Wood Pavilion

Material Characteristics
Color
• The color of wood is simply referred to as the wood color.
• The wood of different tree species varies in color.
• The wood is also changing color when exposed to air and sunlight for a long
time.
• This trait is also unique in that wood is distinguished from other materials.
• In terms of color, the wood grain is generally gentle and low-key, and there is
no strong and vivid color, add the smooth and friendly texture.
• The wood gives a soft visual experience.
Light and Shadow
• The type of wood is different, the light absorption and reflection are different, and
the gloss is also present strong and weak.
• Generally hard materials are more lustrous than soft materials.
• Different soft and hard woods can be used in different space conditions to improve
the light and shadow environment of the space.
• The outer skin of the American Aspen Museum is the wood is cross-woven, and
when the sun is full, through the skin, a unique light and shadow effect is formed.
The form of the cross is not closed, but a certain gap is left to form a transparent and
breathable structure. Wind and light can swim freely between them.

Texture
• The texture of wood is divided into natural and artificial texture.
• Natural texture refers to the natural pattern formed during the growth of wood.
• Each piece of wood presents different wood patterns.
• The uniqueness of this unity is unobtrusive, naturally stretched, restrained and low-key.
• The eyes and fingers are willing to linger on the wood, which is also the charm of wood
different from other materials.
• Artificial texture refers to the artificial treatment of wood, such as painting the wood to
meet the anti-corrosion needs, engraving special patterns to meet the aesthetic needs.
, cutting different body blocks to meet the needs of use.
• In the building, the texture characteristics of the outer skin of the building are
highlighted by changing the geometry of the wood, the degree of density of the
arrangement, the cross-sectional size of a single individual element, and the emphasis
of different orientation lines.
Combination and Matching
Regular Tiling
• The similar composition of large area forms a strong sense of control and field in the visual,
which plays a decisive role in creating the overall architectural atmosphere."piersons way"
has applied this method.
• The large part of the building has selected cedar to form its skin texture, which gives the
building a warm and simple tone.
• The law of the epidermis interface of the rod structure, which takes the "line shape" as the
texture, does not make people feel rigid, the texture formed by it makes the building facade
rich and interesting, and gives a deep impression.
Piersons
Local Dispersion
Way
• The role of local dispersion in the building skin is to enrich the space, complete details.
• Any building has a protagonist and a foil, in the part of the building skin, using wood to embellish, highlight
the main part of the building, improve the integrity of the building.
• The MK5 is made of highly custom-made interlaced laminated wood (CLT). Unlike the surrounding skin
combination, the epidermis near the window is decentralized, and it plays a important role without
affecting the overall architectural style.

MK5 House
Symbolic Symbol
• The wood is condensed into a symbol representing the building and applied to the epidermis.
• It has a strong theme and representativeness.
• For example, the swastika pattern is mostly used in the outer eaves decoration of Chinese classical
architecture, and it continuously expands in the vertical and horizontal directions to form a “ten thousand word
brocade “pattern, meaning "rich and continually head" Swastika Pattern
Overlay Combination
• There are two types of superimposed combinations.
• One is to superimpose the same kind of wood to play a prominent role.
• The other is to superimpose the approximate wood to form a space and atmosphere
with strong visual appeal .
• The outer skin of the timber construction company of Bressanone , Italy, is constructed
in this way, using a series of vertical glued wood panels, creating a wave shape by
means of superimposed staggering, and the outer contours of the wood chips are
changed orderly to form a whole dynamic aesthetic effect.
Wood Skin Composition
Line Interface
• The line structure interface refers to the skin of the building with the "line shape" as the texture feature, which is divided into a
straight rod array arrangement, a straight rod staggered intersection, and a curved rod flexible arrangement .
• The line construction method usually covers the building skin to block light or for decoration, and can also be used as a semi-open
space enclosure .
• By adjusting the cross-sectional size, length, density and arrangement direction of the rods to create different architectural
atmospheres and visual perception, such as the vertically arranged lines, creates a tense and lively atmosphere, whereas the
horizontal arrangement provides an endless stretch of stretch .
• Straight cross-intersection refers to the mesh texture formed by the intersection of
different angles between straight rods. With the increase of the rods, the hollow shape of
different sides can be formed.
• By adjusting the hollowing of the rods, different virtual and real transformation can be
brought about.
• The flexible arrangement of the curved bar means that the rod forms a curved shape after
processing, creating a flexible interface, and the curved line brings a strong visual motion,
and is also very artistic.
Face Interface
• The interface of surface structure refers to the skin of the building with the "face shape" as the
texture feature, which is divided into panel tile cover, panel tile combination and panel space
display.
• The flat tiling of the panel refers to the structuring method of covering the surface of the
building with the uniformity of the planks of the size and material, and the formed skin
interface is strong overall, focusing on the color texture of the wood itself, giving the illusion
that the skin is cut, concise atmosphere without losing interest .
• Panel tile combination refers to the division of the building skin , different wood are used in
each area to form different textures and colors , at the same time, the original skin can be
partially preserved to create a floating feeling .
• The most common one is the folding form , the wood board adopts the folding method to form
the uneven building skin , by changing the folding angle and the board size can form the skin
decoration with different rhythm and rhythm, which has a great dynamic feeling. There is also
a kind of plank with different array shapes, which faces irregularly and forms a "virtual surface"
and a dynamic epidermis shape alternately between virtual and real.

Body Interface
• The body structure interface refers to the skin shape of the building with the
"body type" as the texture feature.
• The wood block forms the building skin and is similar to the brick, and forms
a rich rhythm by stacking .
• Simple wooden blocks are stacked together in different combinations to
form a concave and convex interface with a sense of breathing.
• The flexible and varied masonry method gives people a sense of agility and
vitality, and has a different aesthetic perception.
• Wood is a natural material that is easy to feel, and is widely used in leisure places and buildings such as vacation villas, resort
hotels, and cafes .
• When the wood is darker in color, it will give people a deep and steady feeling.
• Dark wood can create a quieter atmosphere in places such as bookstores and tea rooms.
• In terms of aesthetics, among the main materials commonly used in modern architecture, such as steel, concrete, plastic, and
wood, only wood is a relatively intact original form that retains its material, with low energy consumption and no poisonous,
non-polluting, easy to process and other characteristics.
• It has a long growth time and forms a unique annual ring during the growth process, which makes it have a strong vitality and
forms an image of “foundation” in people's minds.
• The reason why wood gives people a sense of warmth is not only because of its good thermal insulation properties, but also
because its natural color is warmer, especially in the sunshine, it is easy to give a warm psychological feeling, so the
environment created by wood is easy to give people a sense of comfort, both physically, psychologically and aesthetically.

Dark wood
VS
Warm wood
 3.BAMBOO

• Bamboo is the most widely used natural building material- most indigenous architecture in the plainlands and hilly areas employ
bamboo as one of the primary building materials.
• Bamboo is available in two varieties: thick-walled and thin-walled.
• Thick-walled bamboo is used for structural members such as posts, roof rafters and purlins.
• Thin-walled bamboo is split into laths and woven by hand into a variety of stiff mats and screens used as walls and sometimes as
roof cladding, as well as wall screens, panels and partitions. These porous, screen-type walls permit necessary ventilation and
thermal relief.
• The design of the bamboo art installation is derived from the excellent tensile and bending properties of bamboo itself.
• The curved bamboo itself can naturally form a three-dimensional enclosure of the space, which could provide shading and shadows.
• Bamboo creates a “grey space” which could not only provide shelters form the sun and rain but also enhance ventilation and heat
dissipation in the subtropical climate
Aesthetic Purpose of Bamboo In Vernacular Architecture
Bamboo is an ancient building material that has been used in a variety of countries and building types. The native people of Asia, Africa
Central and South America used bamboo for housing purposes. In areas like North China, Japan, and Korea, where the climate is cold and
dry, bamboo was an important constructive or decorative element for the interior as the bamboo buildings were not practical in the winter.
Some of the vernacular styles which used bamboo include:
1. Assam Type Houses 2. Zawlbuk House 3. Tulou 4. Thai houses

5. Bhunga 6. Bangladesh Houses 7. Bahareque architecture 8. Nupa huts

The Aesthetic Potential of Bamboo as Building Material in Organic Shaped Buildings
Bamboo are pushed to the limit to find –
• what bamboo can do in building
• what shape and form can be develop using bamboo &
• what the suitable system is needed to design a unique bamboo building.

Green School Children’s activity and learning center, Thailand Theater Cafe

obi great hall Bamboe Koening restaurant Dodoha Mosintuwu Luum Temple, MEXICO
Huanglong Waterfront Bamboo Pavilion /
Atelier cnS + School of Architecture, South China University of
Technology
• Combines the craftsmanship with the aesthetic feeling of traditional bamboo
weaving in rural areas
• It provides a grey space that has few columns, transparent sight, shelter
from wind and rain and no influence on activities
• The bamboo weaving on the surface provides interesting light and shadow
changes and a sun-shading environment for the internal space
• The upgrade from unilateral cantilever to bilateral cantilever blurs the
distinction between the front and back of the Bamboo Pavilion

Urban Park Micro Renovation / Atelier cnS + School of Architecture,

South China University of Technology
• Adopting a curved cantilevered bamboo to form a shell-like shape, which is
combined with traditional bamboo weaving skills, and the roof cladding is
woven with bamboo strips which covered with the Palm Tree Bark.
• Because the roof is translucent, the light and shadow under the roof show
the beauty of bamboo structure.
 4.MUD
• Mud is one of the oldest known building material, a gift of God to mankind.
• Constructing buildings with mud techniques brings comfort for humans and
thereby providing healthy environment with aesthetic factor.
• It has undergone numerous transformations with respect to construction
Cracked mud surface
techniques as well as in expressing aesthetic values.
• The use of earth is not common in the deltaic plains, as the alluvial soil
contains too much clay and is unsuitable for building walls; thus, building
materials of organic matter are prevalent.
• the material is natural, pliable, attains strength over time, insulating and
breathable, making it suitable for any climate. It’s many benefits have made it
a traditional building material for centuries. It’s aesthetically pleasing and
cost-effective as it doesn’t need skilled labor

The eastern façade of Al-Qurnah village in Egypt Al-Mihdar Mosque. The tallest Mud Minaret in
the World. Du'an Directorate in Hadhramaut
Construction Techniques impact on the Aesthetic Properties

Wall techniques Description Facade

Cob A lump of rounded mass Organic free flowing
Wattle and daub Bamboo mat and merge with mud on both sides Elegant
Rammed Earth Modified soil placed between formwork Naturally multi-colored decorated feature.

Adobe Scraped soil put into mould and form bricks Rustic effect
Stabilized Mud block Dense solid blocks compacted using a machine with a mixture Exposed mud block respects the context
of soil, sand, stabilizer (cement/lime) and water and roots the building to the place.

Aesthetic factors
of Mud

Mud Buildings in the

Natural color Plasticity property moulds Application of colored Natural color and Peripheral of Aleppo
and texture Architectural expressions in the building glass bottles on the walls texture Decorated
Natural color and texture builds different hues Interior wall
Findings of Mud Architecture

Terracotta of Kantaji Temple,

Dinajpur, Bangladesh.
 5.RECYCLED MATERIALS
• The aesthetics of reused materials, their imperfect textures, unpredictable properties, and patina parts with the modernist
understanding of the term beauty.
• In the case of reused materials, the beauty lies in the idea of choosing sustainable solutions and in the adequacy of reusing
practices in the times of shrinking natural resources.
• The deterioration of the environment directs the aesthetic perception of architecture towards such concepts as environmental
aesthetics, aesthetics of engagement or environmental ethics, which highlight the importance of contextual, knowledge- and
value-based analysis of buildings’ appearance.
• Successful examples of the reuse of building materials in architecture are developed as negotiations between materials’ quality,
durability, adequacy, their environmental impacts, ethics of using and aesthetics.
• Reusing practices influence new, creative design processes which result in high-quality, sustainable architecture.

Some examples of using recycling materials are given below-

Naju Art Museum / Hyunje Joo
Recycled semi-transparent plastic baskets
A flexible architectural element rather than a fixed element, this wall
consists of 1,500 structural semi-transparent baskets. The surface
minimizes the separation between the inside and outside, as light and
silhouettes beyond the space show through. Over the course of the
day, changes show on the surface of the wall due to the diffusion and
reflection of the material. The passage of time is more actively sensed
from both inside and outside, as these light effects stimulate our
senses. When the building is demolished in 2 years, the baskets can be
reused.
Ningbo Historic Museum / Wang Shu, Amateur Architecture Studio
Recycled tiles
The facade of the building was designed as if it was the surface of a mountain comprised of
massive reinforced concrete walls, partly clad in recycled terracotta and clay tiles. By recycling
materials from the demolished buildings that once constituted the existing site. In the design,
the past has been turned into the permanent inner lining of the formwork, providing a
randomly decorative coating.

Bima Microlibrary / SHAU Bandung

Recycled plastic ice cream containers
Books are the windows to the world. The message can be read starting from the top
left (facing the front) and spirals down around the perimeter repeatedly. Not only
does the facade give additional meaning to the building but the buckets also
generate a pleasant indoor light ambiance since they scatter direct sunlight and act
as natural light bulbs.

Capilla San Bernardo / Nicolás Campodonico

Recycled bricks from a rural house
Located in the Pampa plains, in the east of the province of Cordoba, Saint Bernard's
Chapel (the local patron saint) rises in a small grove, originally occupied by a rural house
and its yards, both dismantled in order to reuse their materials, especially its one-
hundred-year-old bricks.
Backyard Cabin / Emerging Objects
Recycled agricultural and industrial waste products
Over 4,500 3D-printed ceramic tiles clad the exterior of the building. Grape skins, salt,
cement, and sawdust, among others, have been integrated into Emerging Objects products
to create variety among the tiles.

PET pavilion / Project.DWG + LOOS.FM

Recycled plastic bottles
The structure consists of two monumental slabs in a steel framework. “From floor to
ceiling, double-walled transparent corrugated sheets hold over 40,000 plastic bottles,”
with bottle caps attached to bottlenecks supporting the system.

Vegan House / Block Architects

Recycled windows
The old windows were used as the main material to create a distinctive appearance. These
windows have been used in Vietnam for a long time because of its ventilation. They are
now rearranged into a new facade with different colors and cover the old facade, wrap it
up to the rooftop and create a special attraction, as well as harmonizing with the
ancientness of entire area.
Properly Breathing House / H&P Architects
Recycled ceramic bricks
Featured in both living and working space, a “properly breathing” house serves as a
solution to the quality improvement of used space by creating a natural sense of
breathing rhythm in monsoon tropical conditions, which is attributed to the two
built-in functions: The Inside and outside. The inside offers many voids while the
outside has double-skin facade including the inner layer as all-glass panels; the
between as corridor for movement; the outer layer as recycled ceramic bricks
(40cmx40cm).

Luxury Pavilion / Fahed + Architects

Recycled bedsprings
The outer skin of the pavilion is a mesh of entwined
bedsprings that naturally lends itself to an organic
form, floating amongst the surrounding buildings.

Kamikatz Public House / Hiroshi Nakamura & NAP

Recycled windows from abandoned houses
To make the pub a local symbol when looking up from the
town, the windows comprising fittings from abandoned
houses were set eight meters high. The windows would serve
as a lantern of hope to shine upon the town struggling with a
declining population.
China Academy of Arts’ Folk Art Museum / Kengo Kuma & Associates
Recycled tiles from local houses
Old tiles for both the screen and the roof came from local houses. Their sizes are all
different, and that helps the architecture merge into the ground naturally.

Carroll House / LOT-EK

Recycled shipping containers
21 shipping containers are stacked and cut diagonally along top and bottom,
generating a monolithic and private volume within the urban fabric.

Head in the Clouds Pavilion / STUDIOKCA

Recycled plastic bottles
Made of 53,780 recycled bottles - the amount thrown away in New York City in only 1
hour - Head in the Clouds is a space where visitors can enter into and contemplate the
light and color filtering through the bottles from the inside, out.
The Beehive / Luigi Rosselli + Raffaello Rosselli
Recycled terracotta roof tiles
The project started with the study of material waste streams looking for an
appropriate object for a brise-soleil to filter the harsh western sun that the main
façade faces. The terracotta tile, an overlooked symbol of suburbia, was chosen as it
is easily sourced and without an adequate reuse market.

Collage House / S+PS Architects

Recycled windows and doors of demolished houses
The front façade sets the tone for what lies within, with a “corner of
windows” that recycles old windows and doors of demolished houses in the
city.

Recycled Pallet Pavilion / Avatar Architettura

Recycled pallets
The office is oriented to identifying design strategies towards
ecology, flexible systems, biodiversity, and recycled materials in the
urban context. The 100 square meters detachable structure is
made up of prefabricated pallets forming an articulated wooden
diamond structure.
Storage Barn / Gray Organschi Architecture
Recycled construction materials
The building serves as a dimensionally economical and energy-
efficient storage rack for heavy materials, in which tightly
packed and palletized stone and wood are stored in a flexible
external shelving system that allows access to any pallet in any
position on the rack without disturbing others around it.

Chi She / Archi-Union Architects

Recycled grey-green bricks
The external walls of Chi She were built by the recycled grey-green bricks
from the old building and constructed with the help of the advanced
technology of mechanical arm, which generates a cambered surface
morphology, showing the vitality of Chi She.

Rane Vidyalaya School / Shanmugam Associates

Recycled grey fly ash brick
Construction methodology, that was followed consistently in these walls,
was layering starting from huge random rubble and stone at bottom, to
finer solid brick work, mud and slate on top. Alternating wall layers of red
wire cut bricks from local kiln and grey fly ash brick recycled from industrial
cement waste were used.
Bardolph Gardens House / Breathe Architecture
Recycled bricks
Celebrating the prominence of brick materiality in the surrounding context, the
recycled brick facade adds value to the streetscape with a simple, contemporary
aesthetic. The form and pitch of the roof planes responds to those of its
neighboring houses, homogenizing the proposed forms with the neighborhood
character.

Gallery of Furniture / CHYBIK+KRISTOF

Recycled plastic seats
What we used is a basic form of an interior chair called Vicenza
which the supplier delivers on a regular basis. In this case, however,
we used black granulate for the outdoors because it is resistant to
different weather conditions, especially UV light.
THANK YOU