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LR3.5 Equivalent Force Systems MMI MEC101

1. The document discusses equivalent force systems and how to determine the resultant force and moment of multiple applied forces. 2. It provides examples of how to calculate the equivalent force system for a given set of applied forces by finding the resultant force and moment vectors. 3. Special force systems are discussed including concurrent, coplanar, parallel, and wrench (screw) force systems.

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April Rose Santos
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98 views

LR3.5 Equivalent Force Systems MMI MEC101

1. The document discusses equivalent force systems and how to determine the resultant force and moment of multiple applied forces. 2. It provides examples of how to calculate the equivalent force system for a given set of applied forces by finding the resultant force and moment vectors. 3. Special force systems are discussed including concurrent, coplanar, parallel, and wrench (screw) force systems.

Uploaded by

April Rose Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Equivalent Force

Systems
Objectives

At the end of the lesson, you should be


able to:
• Compute the resultant of any force
system.
resultant of two moment
or more vectors of a force

resultant of a force system


Outline

MOMENT
R § Moment of a force
- Moment of a force about a point
- Moment of a force about a line
R § Moment of a couple
F § Equivalent force systems
§ Equivalent force systems.

Air pressure distribution


on the bottom and top
surfaces of the wing

Single "equivalent" force,


with appropriate position.
Principle of transmissibility of a force:
The external effects on a rigid body (e.g., reactions,
accelerations, etc.) are unchanged when a force applied to a
particular point is applied to any other point on the force’s
line of action.

FR is the resultant force of all external forces applied to an object.

M R is the resultant moment of all external forces and moments
applied to an object.

The above are equivalent


force systems.
Illustration: Replace the force F applied at point A by an

equivalent force system at point B. Since M B
is free vector,
it may be positioned
anywhere.

All of the above force systems are equivalent.


Two force systems are equivalent if:

Or, more explicitly, two force systems are equivalent if:


Our focus in this section is the
construction of systems of
equivalent EXTERNAL forces
(this excludes reactions, forces
supported by cables, bars,
etc.).
Newton's laws for a rigid body
Consider a body in 2-D:

 F  ma
x x
As long as the left-
hand sides of these
 F  ma
y y
equations are the same,
the solutions on the
 M  I right-hand sides will be
the same.


F  0
x  F x
ext
  Fxint   Fxreactions

F  0
y  F y
ext
  Fyint   Fyreactions

M  0  M ext
  M int   M reactions
1: Determine an equivalent force system at point A.
1: Determine an equivalent force system at point A.

STEP 1: Find the resultant Force

 Fx  800 N  400 N sin 30


 Fx  600 N
Rx  600 N

 Fy  600 N  400 N cos 30


 Fy  946.41 N
R y  946.41 N
1: Determine an equivalent force system at point A.

STEP 1: Find the resultant Force

2 2
R  Rx  R y
R  600   946.41
2 2

R  1120 .6 N

1 946.41
  tan
600
  57.63 
1: Determine an equivalent force system at point A.
STEP 2: Find the resultant
moment at point A

 M A  800 N 0.1m   600 N 0.15m   400 cos 300.15m   90 Nm


M A  131.96 Nm
1: Determine an equivalent force system at point A.
STEP 3: Express the equivalent force system.
Replace all forces and moment by a single force
and single moment at point A

MA=131.96 Nm

57.63o

R=1120.6 N
This means that the following systems
are equivalent
2: The object shown consists of a thick
rectangular plate with an L-shaped bar.
Determine an equivalent force system that acts
at point E.
2: The object shown consists of a thick rectangular plate with an L-
shaped bar. Determine an equivalent force system that acts at point E.

STEP 1: Find the resultant Force

 Fx  80lb
 Fy  40lb
 Fz  50lb

 
   
R  80i  40 j  50k lb
2: The object shown consists of a thick rectangular plate with an L-
shaped bar. Determine an equivalent force system that acts at point E.
STEP 2a: Find position vectors from point E to each force

For the 50 lb :

𝒓𝑬𝑪 = −𝟓𝒊 + 𝟖𝒋 𝒊𝒏

For the 80 lb :

𝒓𝑬𝑨 = 𝟓𝒊 − 𝟖𝒋 𝒊𝒏

For the 40 lb :
𝒓𝑬𝑩 = 𝟖𝒋 𝒊𝒏
2: The object shown consists of a thick rectangular plate with an L-
shaped bar. Determine an equivalent force system that acts at point E.
STEP 2a: Find position vectors from point E to each force

STEP 2b: Use cross product to solve for moment of each force
about point E
  
i j k
 
   
rEC F 50 lb  5 8 0   400i  250 j lb in
0 0  50
  
i j k
 
  
rEA F 80 lb 5  8 0  640 k lb in
80 0 0
  
i j k
 
rEB F 40 lb 0 1 0 0
2: The object shown consists of a thick rectangular plate with an L-
shaped bar. Determine an equivalent force system that acts at point E.
STEP 2a: Find position vectors from point E to each force

STEP 2b: Use cross product to solve for moment of each force
about point E

STEP 2c: Simply combine all x, y and z components of each moment to get the resultant

 
  
M E   400  700 i  250 j  640k lb in

 
  
M E   1100 i  250 j  640k lb in
STEP 3: Express the equivalent force system.
Replace all forces and moment by a single
force and single moment at point E

 
  
M E   1100 i  250 j  640k lb in

 
   
R  80i  40 j  50k lb *Dimensions are not drawn to scale
Some special force systems

• Concurrent force system.


• Coplanar force system.
• Parallel force system.
• Wrench (screw) force system.
• Concurrent force system:
All forces intersect at a common point, and there are no moments.
• Coplanar force system.

All forces lie in the same plane, and all moments are
perpendicular to that plane.
• Parallel force system.

All forces are parallel, and all moments are perpendicular to


the direction of the forces.
• Wrench (screw) force system.

The resultant force and resultant moment have the same


direction (or opposite direction).

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