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Chapter 9.Pptx FEE

This document discusses different types of rectifiers and filters used in electricity and electronics. It describes half wave and full wave rectifiers, and how full wave rectifiers can be constructed using either a center tapped or bridge configuration. Full wave rectifiers provide higher efficiency than half wave by utilizing both half cycles of the AC input. Filters are also discussed, including shunt capacitor, choke input, and pi/capacitor input filters. Filters are used to remove the ripple, or AC component, of rectified outputs to provide smooth DC power to loads.

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70 views9 pages

Chapter 9.Pptx FEE

This document discusses different types of rectifiers and filters used in electricity and electronics. It describes half wave and full wave rectifiers, and how full wave rectifiers can be constructed using either a center tapped or bridge configuration. Full wave rectifiers provide higher efficiency than half wave by utilizing both half cycles of the AC input. Filters are also discussed, including shunt capacitor, choke input, and pi/capacitor input filters. Filters are used to remove the ripple, or AC component, of rectified outputs to provide smooth DC power to loads.

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k tine23
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EE 112-

Fundamentals of
Electricity and
Electronics
ENGR.ALBERT ROJAS
Chapter 9
Rectifiers & Filters.
3.1 Rectifier: Definition- A semiconductor device which converts of an alternating
current ( AC ) into direct current ( DC ).
Example : Semiconductor Diode.
Need of Rectifier: To provide continuous voltage ( DC Voltage ) required to run
almost all electronic devices & circuits.
3.1.1 Types of Rectifier : Half Wave Rectifier.
In this type the rectifier conducts current only during the + ve half cycles of the a.c.
supply.
Simple Circuit:
Here – ve half cycles are suppressed i.e. during –ve half cycle no current passes
through the diode hence no voltage appears across the load.
Max. rectifier Efficiency= Max. d.c.output power/ a.c. input power =40.6%
Schematic Diagram:

Full Wave Rectifier:


In this type , the rectifier utilises both half cycles of a.c. input voltage to produce the
d.c output.
Full Wave Rectifier(Centre Tapped Type)
During the positive half cycle of the supply, diodeD1 conducts , while diodeD2 is
reverse biased and the current flows through the load as shown .
Similarly ,during the negative half cycle of the supply, diodeD2 conducts , while
diodeD1 is reverse biased and the current flows through the load as shown .

Full Wave Rectifier( Bridge Type) : The Diode Bridge Rectifier

During the positive half cycle of the supply, diodes D1 and D2 conduct in series
while diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current flows through the load as
shown below.
The Positive Half-cycle

During the negative half cycle of the supply, diodes D3 and D4 conduct in series,
but diodes D1 and D2 switch “OFF” as they are now reverse biased. The current
flowing through the load is the same direction as before.
The Negative Half-cycle

Max. rectifier Efficiency= Max. d.c.output


power/ a.c. input power=ἠ =81.2 %
3.1.2 Ripple: Ripple is the output of a rectifier that contains both dc & ac
component.
Ripple Factor :The ratio of r.m.s value of ac component to the dc component in the
rectifier output is known as ripple factor.
Ripple Factor= r.m.s value of ac component/ value of dc component.
For Half wave rectification ripple factor =1.21
For Full wave rectification ripple factor =.48
PIV (Peak Inverse Voltage) : It is the maximum reverse voltage that a diode can
withstand without destroying the junction.
TUF(Transformer Utility Factor): Defined as the ratio of power delivered to the load to
the ac rating of the transformer secondary.
TUF = dc power delivered to the load/ac rating of transformer secondary
= Pdc /Pac .rated
= Pdc/Pin.rated
Rectifier Efficiency: The ration of dc power output to the applied input ac power is
known as rectifier efficiency.
Rectifier Efficiency = dc power output / input ac power
3.1.3 Comparison of Three types of Rectifier.

3.2 FILTERS:
Definition: A filter circuit is a device which removes the ac component (ripple) of
rectifier output but allows the dc component to reach the load.
Need of Filter: To provide smooth DC output to the load.
Types of Filter:
i) Shunt Capacitor: It is also called Capacitor Filter. It offers low reactance to ac &a
very high reactance to the dc component.
The capacitive reactance is XC=1/2πfc ,for d.c , f=0 Then, XC=∞
Hence a capacitor does not allow the d.c to pass through it.
ii) Choke input filter :In this filter one inductor & one capacitor is used.
The inductive reactance is XL=2πfL , for d.c , f(frequency)=0 Then, XL=0, Hence
inductor allows the d.c to pass through it.
It offers high reactance to the ac component but offers almost zero reactance to
the dc component. That means it allows only dc component to flow through it.

Capacitor input filter: It is also called π -Filter.


In this filter one inductor & two capacitors are used.
Here pulsating output from rectifier is applied across 1st capacitor which offers zero
reactance to a.c& infinite reactance to d.c. Hence d.c component continues to
reach across L(Choke Filter).
The filter choke then allows the d.c component easily by blocking a.c component if
any.
Finally the 2nd capacitor across load bypasses the a.c component if any which the
choke(L) failed to block by making d.c component to reach across load.

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