< EL-531TG >

1
How to Operate

KEY LAYOUT 3
RESET SWITCH 3
DISPLAY PATTERN 4
DISPLAY FORMAT AND
DECIMAL SETTING FUNCTION 4
EXPONENT DISPLAY 5
ANGULAR UNIT 6

ON/OFF, Entry Correction Keys 7

Data Entry Keys NEG 8
Random 9
Modify 10
Basic Arithmetic Keys, Parentheses 11
Percent 12
Inverse, Square, Cube, xth Power of y,
Square Root, Cube Root, xth Root of y 13
10 to the Power of x, Common Logarithm 14
e to the Power of x, Natural Logarithm 15
Factorials 16
Permutations, Combinations 17
Time Calculation 18
Fractional Calculations 19
Memory Calculations 20
Last Answer Memory 21
Trigonometric Functions 22
Arc Trigonometric Functions 23
Hyperbolic Functions 24
Coordinate Conversion 25
Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and
Hexadecimal Operations (N-Base) 26
Statistics Function 27
DATA INPUT 27
“ANS” KEYS FOR 1-VARIABLE STATISTICS 28
DATA CORRECTION 29
“ANS” KEYS FOR 2-VARIABLE STATISTICS 32
2
 EL-531TG.

HOME key
Pressing this key will return to
NORMAL mode.

EL-531TG

front

3
 FIX

4
 SCI DEG

X10

(SC I mode)

ENG DEG

X10

(EN G mode)

DEG

(normal mode)

E X P O N E N T DI S P L AY
T he distance from the earth to the sun is approx. 150,000,000 (1.5 x 108) km. Values
such as this with many zeros are often used in scientific calculations, but entering the
zeros one by one is a great deal of work and it’s easy to make mistakes.
In such a case, the numerical values are divided into mantissa and exponent portions,
displayed and calculated.

<Example> W hat is the number of electronics flowing in a conductor when

the electrical charge across a given cross-section is 0.32 cou-
lombs. (T he charge on a single electron = 1.6 x 10-19 coulombs).

DEG

0.32

DEG

1.6 19
X10

DEG

X10

5
6
7
NEG

8
9
Modify
Function to round calculation results.
Even after setting the number of decimal places on the display, the calculator per-
forms calculations using a larger number of decimal places than that which appears
on the display. By using this function, internal calculations will be performed using
only the displayed value.

<Example> FIX mode TAB = 1 (normal calculation)

5 9 0.6 (internally, 0 . 5 5 5 5 . . . )

9 5.0

Rounded calculation (MDF)

5 9 0.6 (internally, 0 . 5 5 5 5 . . . )

(internally, 0 . 6 )

9 5.4

A P P L IC AT IO N S :
Frequently used in scientific and technical fields, as well as business,
when performing chained calculations.

10
Basic Arithmetic
Keys, Parentheses
T he four basic operators. Each is used in the same way as a standard
calculator:
+ (addition), – (subtraction), x (multiplication), and ÷ (division).

Finds the result in the same way as a standar d calculator.

Used to specify calculations in which certain operations have precedence.

You can make addition and subtraction operations have precedence over
multiplication and division by enclosing them in parentheses.

11
12
Inverse, Square, Cube,
xth Power of y, Square Root,
Cube Root, xth Root of y
C alculates the inverse of the value.

Squares the value.

C ubes the value.

C alculates exponential values.

C alculates the square root of the value.

C alculates the cube root of the value.

C alculates the xth root of y.

<Example>
O per ation D isplay
DEG

2 2 2 2

DEG

2 4

DEG

4 16

13
10 to the Power of x,
Common Logarithm
C alculates the value of 10 raised to the xth power.

C alculates logarithm, the exponent of the power to which 10 must be

raised to equal the given value.

<Example>
O per ation D isplay
DEG

DEG

1000

14
e to the Power of x,
Natural Logarithm
C alculates powers based on the constant e (2.718281828).

C omputes the value of the natural logarithm, the exponent of the power
to which e must be raised to equal the given value.

<Example>
O per ation D isplay
5
DEG

DEG

10

15
Factorials
T he product of a given positive integer n multiplied by all the lesser positive
integers from 1 to n-1 is indicated by n! and called the factorial of n.

<Example>
O per ation D isplay
DEG

c.f
n! = 1 x 2 x 3 x …xn

A P P L IC AT IO N S :
Used in statistics and mathematics. In statistics, this function is used
in calculations involving combinations and permutations.

16
Permutations, Combinations
T his function finds the number of different possible orderings in selecting
r objects from a set of n objects. For example, there are six different
ways of ordering the letters ABC in groups of three letters—ABC , AC B,
BAC , BC A, C AB, and C BA.
T he calculation equation is 3P3 = 3 x 2 x 1 = 6 (ways).

T his function finds the number of ways of selecting r objects from a set of
n objects. For example, from the three letters ABC , there are three ways
we can extract groups of two different letters—AB, AC , and C B.
T he calculation equation is 3C 2.
<Example>
O per ation D isplay
DEG

6 4

DEG

6 4

A P P L IC AT IO N S:
Used in statistics (probability calculations) and in simulation hypoth-
eses in fields such as medicine, phar maceutics, and physics. Also,
can be used to determine the chances of winning in lotteries.

17
18
Fractional Calculations
Inputs fractions and converts mutually between fractions and decimals.

C onverts between mixed numbers and improper fractions.

1 5
<Example> Add 3 2 and 7 , and convert to decimal notation.

O per ation D isplay

DEG

3 1 2
5 7

DEG

C onvert to decimal notation

Press once to return to the previous display

DEG

C onvert to an improper fraction

Press once to return to the previous display

DEG

A P P L IC AT IO N S :
T here is a wide variety of applications for this function because
fractions are such a basic par t of mathematics. T his function is useful
for calculations involving electrical circuit resistance.

19
20
21
Trigonometric Functions
T rigonometric functions determine the ratio of three sides
of a right triangle. T he combinations of the three sides are a
sin, cos, and tan. T heir relations are: b
θ

b c
C alculates the sine of an angle. sin θ = a

c
C alculates the cosine of an angle. cos θ = a

b
C alculates the tangent of an angle. tan θ = c

<Example>
T he angle from a point 15 meters from
a building to the highest floor of the
building is 45°. How tall is the building?

[DEG mode]

O per ation D isplay

45 15 DEG

1 5
View point

A P P L IC AT IO N S :
Trigonometric functions are useful in mathematics and various engineering
calculations. T hey are often used in astronomical obser vations, civil engi-
neering and in calculations involving electrical circuits, as well as in calcula-
tions for physics such as parabolic motion and wave motion.

22
Arc Trigonometric Functions
Arc trigonometric functions, the inverse of trigonomet-
ric functions, are used to determine an angle from ratios a
of a right triangle. T he combinations of the three sides b
are sin-1, cos-1, and tan-1. T heir relations are; θ
c

b
(arc sine) D etermines an angle based on the ratio θ = sin -1 a
b/a of two sides of a r ight tr iangle.
c
(arc cosine) D etermines an angle based on the ratio θ = cos-1 a
c/a for two sides of a right triangle.
b
(arc tangent) D etermines an angle based on the θ = tan-1 c
ratio a/b for two sides of a right triangle.

<Example>
At what angle should an airplane climb in order
to climb 80 meters in 100 meters?

[DEG mode]
O per ation D isplay
DEG

80
100

23
Hyperbolic Functions
T he hyperbolic function is defined by using natural exponents in trigo-
nometric functions.

Arc hyperbolic functions are defined by using natural logarithms in trigono-

metric functions.

A P P L IC AT IO N S :
Hyperbolic and arc hyperbolic functions are ver y useful in electrical
engineer ing and physics.

24
25
26
27
“ A N S ” K E Y S F O R 1 -V A R I A B L E S T AT I S T I C S

C alculates the average value of the data (sample data x).

C alculates the standard deviation for the data (sample data x).

C alculates the standard deviation of a data population (sample data x).

Displays the number of input data (sample data x).

C alculates the sum of the data (sample data x).

C alculates the sum of the data (sample data x) raised to the second power.

N OT E :
1. Sample data refers to data selected randomly from the population.
2. Standard deviation of samples is determined by the sample data
shift from an average value.
3. Standard deviation for the population is standard deviation when
the sample data is deemed a population (full data).

Let’s check the results based on the previous data.

69 (average value)

17.75686128 (standard deviation)

17.57839583 (standard deviation of the population)

50 (total count of data)

3450 (total)

28
DA T A C OR R E C T I ON
C orrection prior to pressing immediately after a data entry: Delete incorrect
data with , then enter the correct data.
C orrection after pressing :
Use to display the data previously entered.
Press to display data items in ascending (oldest first) order. T o
reverse the display order to descending (latest first), press the key.
Each item is displayed with 'X n=', 'Yn=', or 'N n=' (n is the sequential
number of the data set).
Display the data item to modify, input the correct value, then press .
Using , you can correct the values of the data set all at once.
•�W hen or appears, more data items can be browsed by pressing �
� or .
•�T o delete a data set, display an item of the data set to delete, then �
� press . T he data set will be deleted.
•�T o add a new data set, press and input the values, then press .

<Example 2>
D ata table 2
X: 30, 40, 40, 50

X: 30, 45, 45, 45, 60

O per ation D isplay

DEG STAT

Stat 0
Select single-variable statistics mode
DEG STAT

30 DATA SET=

DEG STAT

40 2 DATA SET=

DEG STAT

50 DATA SET=

29
 O per ation D isplay
DEG STAT

X2=

DEG STAT

45 3 X2=

DEG STAT

N2=

DEG STAT

60 X3=

A P P L IC A T IO N S :
Single-variable statistical calculations are used in a broad range of fields,
including engineering, business, and economics. T hey are most often applied to
analysis in atmospheric observations and physics experiments, as well as for
quality control in factories.

30
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

31
“ A N S ” K E Y S F O R 2 -V A R I A B L E S T AT I S T I C S
In addition to the 1-variable statistic keys, the following keys have been added for calcu-
lating 2-variable statistics.

C alculates the sum of the product for sample data x and sample data y.

C alculates the sum of the data (sample data y).

C alculates the sum of the data (sample data y) raised to the second power .

C alculates the average value of the data (sample data y).

C alculates the standard deviation for the data (sample data y).

C alculates the standard deviation of a data population (sample data y).

N OT E :
T he codes for basic statistical quantities of sample data x and their meanings
are the same as those for single-variable statistical calculations.
Let’ s check the results based on the previous data.

7.175 (Average for data x)

0.973579551 (Standard deviation for data x)

0.91070028 (Standard deviation of the population for data x)

9.875 (Average for data y)

3.440826313 (Standard deviation for data y)

3.218598297 (Standard deviation of the population for data y)

8 (Total count of data)

57.4 (Sum of data x)

418.48 (Sum of data x raised to the second power)

544.1 (Sum of the product of data x and data y)

79 (Sum of data y)

863 (Sum of data y raised to the second power)

32
 SHARP CORPORATION (MAR. 2018)
18CSC09E1

33