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Impedance Formulas

Impedance is the ratio of voltage to current in linear components. Resistance is impedance when the phase is 0 degrees, and reactance is impedance when the phase is ±90 degrees. The table summarizes the impedances of different components: capacitors have a voltage that lags the current because charge does not build up until after current has been flowing, and inductors have zero impedance at direct current like a wire while capacitors have infinite impedance at direct current like an open circuit.

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34 views

Impedance Formulas

Impedance is the ratio of voltage to current in linear components. Resistance is impedance when the phase is 0 degrees, and reactance is impedance when the phase is ±90 degrees. The table summarizes the impedances of different components: capacitors have a voltage that lags the current because charge does not build up until after current has been flowing, and inductors have zero impedance at direct current like a wire while capacitors have infinite impedance at direct current like an open circuit.

Uploaded by

majesus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Impedance of components

Let's recap what we now know about voltage and curent in linear components. The impedance is
the general term for the ratio of voltage to current. Resistance is the special case of impedance
when φ = 0, reactance the special case when φ =  90°. The table below summarises the
impedance of the different components. It is easy to remember that the voltage on the capacitor
is behind the current, because the charge doesn't build up until after the current has been flowing
for a while.

The same information is given graphically below. It is easy to remember the frequency
dependence by thinking of the DC (zero frequency) behaviour: at DC, an inductance is a short
circuit (a piece of wire) so its impedance is zero. At DC, a capacitor is an open circuit, as its
circuit diagram shows, so its impedance goes to infinity.

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