M.IE.T. Engineering College.

Trichy MIE8791/MECIATRONICS

Lecture No - 24
Topic(s) to
becovered
LAnalog e Digikal Cenuertoy Iitbjanig

Lecture Outeome (L0)

At the end of this leeture, students will be able to Bloom's Level

LOI
LO2

LO3
L04

Teaching Learning Material Student Aetivity

Chalk&Talk /1CT Tool/Any other Listen/Participate /Discuss /Peerto Peer

Learning /Quiz /Role Play / Any other

Lecture Notes

The AD Gonunsion a quaillzig pras uwheroy an anslg sirol istonued Ato

eavalot binay word
intb 2 gop
basad conension technigue
on

AID Con veJos Can be clasihd slgnal. Camys includa

ui te initially govalid ezuavelort
DComparirg a gueo arlog sgnal 4}ash Tpe conuex
uaesie aprozimalen, Counter tose rouptumebnto knan
iato line ) Jq and Compaig
Charging an analog ignaks
ncudes integer
nrs
PVoltaje to fregueng Conuentors
Values-Ths grop
Analo bo Successiue approzimaion4 flash pe i fatr bf
A2c accurale lhat ke htegratör 4 tke vadtage lo
frjueng Ape ConueYter
AZC 08o8/0809 Famil
The ADC 0808 and APC 08 09 me manolilkic CMOS douice sith an 8-Channd
multiplexe
Thee davices ane MicroprocesorCortralBu
also dos ned t6 penle fmm
Command

otk. te ti-atate atpat latches daiuly to adat Bas.

Mr.S.SATHISH KUMAR, AP/MECH 1

Features Ae
ADC i08-chanalmuleiplerer uilk addra logr
1) 8 hit Sucesie approimalen toall microprocessots
(i Eag to Interdae
in) Conwnaon Time ioou8 (V Output met TTL Voltzge loul peificalien
l t operab on pmr 84ply,
sîngi5V .Clbek
Start
Blockdi9ran of ADC Conoysion

Contal EOC
8-Channel Timing
Multipezer Unit ond
and 8AR
Anale? Compaabr Outpe 8bit
Soithes latch Oilpuls
25h RRitey
3bit Atte tehTOe Output
Vcc CiND RyRe Enable

Chaacteratics t hPCo80 8/o809

Address Min Stat Palbe slk-IDos
ALE Min. ALE Pulse NaK- -1Dorg.
106 123pkHz
Clock Fregueny -|00uS at b4okHz
Conenson TEne
EOC Ros olatibn - Shils
- tL3B
Er ror
DB Sup -SVdC
Vct - IS
DE oaicolI input voltag- minMax I-SV.
OE Loaical 0 tnpet Voltaje-
Min Vec O4 -

oavejrmsfDY ADC OROF logicali Oulp.tnltaje - Min O4sV.

-

Im
logical O oukput Volbage
Pinragram e AD 808
IN3 IN4 IN NE W7Soc EOCopK ecKj ope8
17P channob, &o bsal
*Ape 0808/ot09 has 8 Berd 3 t
dasrd 1/P chame, tAnecs@g to
ADC o8 08/0609 addros DnABL Inps
channel ZSent h maltipera
Altros d desrd
aldress inpit tro vs
port pins.must beleth
tti address
atlast sons,
IN2 r
i B ALE DBI6 ` 4 REF D2
0
Analeg p Acdress Digitd Bit Bt
Stot of lonversion SO)
25MS,
by 8onding ALE Aapal A t nata
*This can achibued be Conesion proces
be sent hzk 4 ton de to stat
Stanal must
0808/0gD aes End of Conurson(EOC)Aigral Thep
*To tndicatë end f oasion ADC aterEo
Conerked digital word t h tre dat bur l enaba openabe sigrl
Ston Can read
is aclivat as e Conwrsion techrigue, It does
nat rqure exanel
t ws Buaesie qprOXimalion
maltpkatar4onparior
Zeas l adjustmest. NoTaminal avuesheble forsanpkehold boleco
 nTERFAInNC OF ADC o808p8 09 wilk &pR
IN
Outpt ortA
clckhu
AP
749oC1o
Outpu
|Enubie9 To
5ydc ADC MicrofrreRsor
LVcc 1 o808
7 OC pER
5vREFVREE12
13 22

25 24
AfBA aPorde
1LoY
LChannel elect Peo

An anlog Iput is connected to IN3 45V sPy applid o pin

dc 12 é) eHt)
8 chamd
l o loterfacig o} ADC o808 to te rixopraesor dbDe ce08 hs ipat
it b necexay to sed 3 bit Atess onAd.
o to olect desrel ingul Chanel,
Adtrsser ot desvedehannel is Aont multipexer
fo address puti A POA, ADPB4C
toough PCo PC2 Ji2 siaul
ALteratlaut spns, tha awres must be lothel. Achieud by sedig dlE
muat ba sont t e lour
conezsion [SoC] iapl
nitos 2S H te stt ofThe ib bont t mpbg te 2E,bPA kres
dytel inpul
C ne by pert line PCz.
TlOMAP_ Contialword
Povta Address Lines
CR AaAA AAA3 A2 A AAhs 4a
ooAPAPhteloT1319H
ooH o lo o
Port AO oo o
DOOOOo 0 02H
Ololo o o o|II(03H
Rea
MVI A, 49H ndialize 82SS ANI O
OVT CR Jz CHECH If no,Yepeat
MVI A, 00H
sSendadresstektchamelo IN PA
OUT PB
MV A, 08 H
iLatthgion adtesbj
sonlyALEAA |RET Rotan
OUT PB
Call delay ;Wastforat least 2.5us
MVI A, 18H
OUT PB Make 30C high
NOP watt frat least 0-Su»
MVIA,08H
OUT PB Make 3Oc Lor
CHECK IN PB Check for EOC
Tattal to Analog
Conveytia [?Ac| ntadace"
Digital to Analiey conerteors usad to aonert a digtl qualg ti Analgque
YA Conarlo produtes an opud Cuent or Vokta_e, paporlenal to dlaitil guant
input.
pliad t i jonduce an aula
wrA bl,b2,b3,... bn n binay and
PACaccepilb an n-blt ingut
Mgnal pnprlonal t o t
There are 4 daitil ipt, indiao+bitPAC
DAc *Eahdiital ipat rquras elestitealsgne
an

V6-Analeg prasentig attor logic 1 con 0.

a

Iophts bn Outpyet
bit (LSB), bi= Mastigoiticant
bit MSE)
The bn Bte last sigithcant mSB Ai Az As A4 As As A7 A8LSB
PAC 140
(mSB)
CDL
VEr T, OP A A
As A L I I I -
Current SJithe8
Conhbl R2R Lader Basic araE2 ND

PC408 Reterence 13Vac

IS 14 13 12 o Cra
6Compnsatton
Lorenyi Vs Ampliffer
VEE3
NPN Currat SourcePab
Pio ConuYatton 1408
Block Piagran af AC
PAC IA08 i ang bit RR Laddor pe DA Conedo k te ss
Systen wsig an ibtoyatg 8255

It Cons~ti ta rdenne
currost arplfio. hipk spe
Un K2R Lallr and 8
Current ustthes.
lLSB which conbol te pasiliens
l t hos g putdata lenes AMSB)thregh d g
oOurretithes
Voc
2-SK +SV xlt reguins 2m referonce carront fur A.l
Az-
w Vn ale inpul f Lpouer spples Vec =+Sv
Ki4
AsDAC 2-Sk
nd VEE =-ISV.

A1408 Ww- The Valtage Vrep 4 vesator Ry obtmines

A6 ryoo t a l Teferne curent sourte 4 Kis i
t
1" goenlly ejual o Ruto matoh UP impedanae
Az
Aa t ehexone Cuzvont anpisier
(LSB

2sk
T-Vrd44i4S
IPP
ISV
 Input Ai trough. Ag Con be l r 0 (or)!. pi hpical ct ret fall-eale Currat
Can be giwn a,
256
El992mA
t zhows tfa tro full scale olPcureit is alnayps I LSB les llon ho ralerene Curant
Baure 2mA Tris Outprut current is Convertal inlo valtege I t Veonwiee
Vo-1-992x2-S K = 4:98V
The Circt operatn Can be obw rud for 3 ntlens
Condton 1: For binay ~nputloo H)
bz0 Dreto his current
Whan bina iopat_is 00H, te oilpt aront Toat pin 4Vs=-s
lang thooigh Ke (ImA) Jlows trogk R guing
Condton Fox binay laput Caret loat pin4h Ind ByapigkCLat
wWhon biny input a pH, te outpt
nade A,uegot, -TB +To+I1 =0 ahi,blaliag valuo, e}Tp T, uozot
-ImA)+(imA)+14 =0 Y-06i. oupt valtego i zene
Condiion 3: fer Bim Input FFH
Whan binany input is FFH, o uont lo at pin4» 2rA. By 9phg HCL, at nod

uegt, TB To tT4=0
mA)+4= btbbuliigtTe 4Z, uegat
e
ImA) H2mA) +4=O
imA) HH2 4=-ImA
outpd Voltage t5V ue haue 2 FF etn 0o4portA t 8 2
logeneva 8uere uaYe Hirst output
onnectid to 2AC, O308 Aordig to jezuong requsenet dley
Outpt for 82s (A)
boteontte outpus
2port
providdi
Prozram
dLXI SP 27FFH Initat stzck Pointer
MVIA, 8DH Indialize 8285to Cortigunall
OUT 03 Ports as Oudpupo to-25 VOulput
LOoP MVI A, 00o Lod AwidK,digitel datà CorrespOnds 0E 08
OUT 00 Send dgital data to lnput of DAC
CALL DELAY Wait for
vr dSpeciied1ine t t2:5 Vodt
MVI A, FF digital data orre po ndb ttt2:s
Correponds VO
Lod A witk to PAco8og
OUT 0 0 Send digital doti input t
CALL DELAY Wait for specitied Lne
JMP LOOP Kepeat
Qday Ho3 ram
MVI B, 08 Lod dely Caunt ih vegis
BAC& DR B ecrenot lount

JNz BAkk ;
CheckCount=D okruwie Kepeat

RET
 M.I.E.T. Engineering College, Trichy ME8791/ MECHATRONICS
Lecture No - 25

Topic(s) to
becovered
STEPPER MoTUR CoTROL
Lecture Outcome (LO)

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to Bloom's Level

LO1
LO2
LO3
LO4

Teaching Learning Material Student Activity

Chalk & Talk/ICT Listen/ Participate /Diseuss /Peer to Peer

Tool Any other
Learning /Quiz /Role Play/ Any other

Lecture Notes

Astepper mobr isa dztal motor wsel tb translaie ohathical puses to a

mechanical moemot+2v

PAo
x2
PAI Y12

PA
PAs 74o

Mr.S.SATHISH KUMAR, AP/MECH 1

 Centirn tp uindigs. Centa L
Motor 8hon in te cnast tas 2 phases urtk mator Can e exctel
connected s te 12 Vsu9ph Duetb ba
t toe uIrdigs oe
e too cnlzys
ur ferminabet e a i t i l b o sejuene cf rnb|
by oundng Jrg prrpon
he votatalh staps bt erctalensignals
Mbr can joré ko 82ssA usel b
port% g
ouer nibbe d stiper motor
intovdag t
xplainad inte
p p e r 8eguone
hes ba
oloMpeY motbr
suramli
which
also rom as shnft
RotoPempnant maznt raor lt b
*do
bstaor
Lep
asocialel i ksigle
8tapAnge'
a minimun deyre et
rotallen

*lt hab one

rotalbn Cor)0
8tips per Kedalin Coroplet
nuoba f sIps needad per
raot0
btal PmX Steps
Th PerSatord
3teps evcit X X
tegpiel
Follouig
s e q u e n c e
tabeshows
. . C i e n e x C i t a t i o n B a q u e n c e

döactin doactan
motor n clockuiie
otat e usehae
don
mtafe motor
in CCU seguence
lo
to e x c e
motor D a
Yevnse

mobr has
Step XX
8Bunca dr Alegper
citloo unolirg endns
due b charye exct 2
many
changa to dsrd
it k not
pas7He 83rmultaraad 3
Houwvee &ame widirg
rds ot e unndirg m a
o t te mofor

Caneels
e fuw i
Ths

lockigsgtin mst
he
domage
aunid tisy dizitnl
To
designe
 t12V
8tp XX Y Free Wheolg
dicce MoteY
windigs

Re
6
O Roritane

Halt Steo Exct tation Sejene Ercitalion Cire:t wik Sories Kositance
For Full Step, eitalion ends tpae are, chargd h one step LI8 per Exczbrlan]
For HalyStp, excitlion ers o taks tosTPs }o change t the phe.[o.9°J
3thpp metr á stoppd tom se poiten t h nazt by chorgig te arok tongh
hells te malbr in aurot and the pat kmt on e slpig rat
Windg indicine vpps0 te choge
For hih 8sppir ralis4 moe
toyue, banecessay tauekgo voege soure faret
milirg veibrs
uwedecreae LYR Ene bastant, whih alss e aret
P adlig Sorie resitane,
Change more rapidl sindi.
in
A0e reitbr, but dasga hasto Compaemie pethan Buer4 ped
Troe sa paui.laus acrss
roga lonhol prgran
Stepper molor Cade deguene for olacksise ntlibn
coo H Exce-Code DB 03H, O6 H, 04H; OCH;
motr clockuwbe by 360
b rptine to,ntats a 2tepper
Set t e Counb
SDo
MVL C 82H e t epetizn Count fs
START MVIB, O4H
LXI H, bo0oH
COunts ezcitallon 3aene
Initaltze Poînt
BACKI MoV A, M Cnst be Excil -ode
OUT PORTA Send Exa -Code
CAL Dl Wait
INX H Increnert pointe
BR B Rpeat 4 nes
JNZ BACk 1
Ropect sDn
Jwz START
RET
 M.I.E.T. Engineering College, Trichy
ME8791/ MECHATRONICS
Leeture No -26

Topic(s) to
becovered
lomperaliae Control

Lecture Outcome (L0)

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to Bloom's Level

LOI
LO2
LO3
LO4

Teaching Learning Material Student Activity

Chalk&Talk/1CT Tool/ Any other Listen/Participate /Discuss /Peer to Peer

Learning /Quiz /Role Play / Any other

Lecture Notes

*onaor can be nterfaced sitk mieroprocessor as Lke Lc?,LAc

nlonface usih
Thias secen, e sill explain hoa loperclre 3enDY Can pdterfaca
micro Contioller
micro proessorand
mperalure Sensor'
olackicl
Connt phgical data tb signals. Piysioal dis ove
e
randucers
Ternperiatixe Lizkt, Intensh, floo Speed
4
onthe transdacezs Can pmdue to vutpt in Vorias formmi such as
* Peperdig
Voltage, Carrent, kosiatance, Capactane
*E TeePeraveis Conertel to elecbial signals usig a Traudeen's cadlel a
Thernistor
kgThernator rapord b lonperatire choge by chny Taatne bt rporu
is not linaa

Mr.S.SATHISH KUMAR, AP/MECH

 Axopliyier!
l4 te elocdrcadsignal dwon trandaeri, small t
Tomperatre,9, Canrothe
etc Viualixed tor prawsal. Homo ith arphhal uig upkpes

TransduCe *The signal tromploabtoal ]tranduor h analog sigral,

n

which a micropraesor Cannat praes. Hence an A BC wd

Sigmal Contitering | ke digital hich ágolcg t6

The signalfom mícroprocespr sl
Contbol the analeg elomerdi ltke helers, Codker ate
e *DY a dgital signal fon microprcessor hast be conertd
to analog y a PhC
MioroprocessDr|
Cnelliadatedrom Anak
Tnterfacy t TenperaleSonsor
RD Vcc 2sk
WR CHI
Pr0 D/MAo M35)
D/MA
LM336
SPOT
PFT D 8
Vvo (3ot to 2.56U
AGO e
INTR

From PortA
Pee2PP
MIcroProco ssorTTo
vt Clavor) 8PAS Plant
BoCk iagram- 8v85pP Tanpevaliore orbiol
Wori ot Temperatoe Coibrol
The branadacer (Sorspy measues Cerrent toperatve and ls anpktfiel bg
anplyier which gah aonerd o haa dezial dtgttal value a AØe.
Ths value isCompaher oilk a b a sot desBd alue, ihfe micoproasa
and te Ouelt ef Compision Aan etor signal.Lo) nuld
 meaing tto toperatove has obe increasd bi a heoter
*error may he positive
orangement
the topeilre hss erdual by soecode aat
Error mey be nNgaie
means
has
t bodore degai he sontiy a i 5
is no enor, to nopraesshs
l4 tore maintatn tongortie
e dore repaatally dor oitnuouy dvr 82s5 (PPI)and
suitk
urtk micæpraeuar,
conbal syten
Ferinlofa dy tap
Sensor outp
micnprocosb0r,
Connecte
betoeen

T , +T2+T3
ahe
ADt
J
Tp -I7
tinnad onloFFgt
VRt, which be
o-87S n4 can

Va h tplacal by bit, as
wtrge nanber of b A r r o l o d1
Whoe iput n e r a l i z efor
ag
zottches l a r o t Lo
Canb
An7 Whoe,A
4The
outpat T =[+A2+ 2
Poinlö
Hogram Initilize 8tack
SP, 2800 H Inibialize 8255
xI t lur
andga hzd
MVIA, 98 H
OUT 83H (CWR) charnel IN.3
:Solect
03H
MVI A,
START 82H (PORTC)
OUT A, 03H
MVI CPoRTC)

OUT checks EC
82H (PoRT); checks EO
to L1
L1 IN 82H EOC=1?1fno knJunptarpenatore (t1)
RAL 18 yato Rad
LI (PORTA) EOC= 1? l&
TNC 9DH 18 LI ato B rezister
realigp START
IN ae
Junpo
MOV ATA IS -TI$14os tan
tin Junp
o OFF

CCPI START 24yas tanpn)

tta Serd STgrals to
18t1>Ti
Jz OFF ;
t>T14No
JC
MVI A OlH
18
B) ; Jupb Piphy haoter
H(PORT tarn DFF
shned ta
00T81
TMP DBPLAY
Serds Contral
MVI A, 0 OH
(PDRT B
OUT 81 H Tunpt Disspleg tam CFFhetey
JMP DISPLAY
Sords Contnl signal
OFF MVIA00TR) DIsply Cur rot Teperatare
DISPLAY
CPn ART Repe-ttePoey
 M.I.E.T. Ëngincering College, Trichy ME8791/MECHATRONICS
Leeture No 27

Topic(s) i0
becovered
Tralie iht_Coatnl Jahnhacig
Lecture Outeome (L0)

At the end of this lecture, students will be able to Bloom's Level

LO1
LO2

LO3
LO4

Teaching Learning Material Stadent Activity

Chalk &Talk/ ICT Too! / Any other Listen /Participate /Discuss /Peer to Peer
Learning /Quiz /Role Play / Any other

Lecture Notes
TraHieift, which ney also be knasn as Sthpli,tnthe leps, tntic sianl,
eboi or) Serraphore, 2a ignalit douicespostangd at raad ntueclörb, Tdstrla
Crossrys and ofolocalbns to conFol Cornptig flas t
tratrc
Aht Conlrial liit of a Ztl
Coloos traficaltarnat fe rigkt of ef raud uwes by diplying
Tratic lihs a urieual colorcede.
Yollou-lArmbs gree) uig
Color Kd, à tdbectan darotd
prt-esd
Seguence lalt allutbs raldic to f f e bdoso prpane stp
D n i nalon et groen
liht donohgs
plesr/ambe
iD unhnalian af
intersecion, and precdog
short Fe e rd Bins prohibas arg trabHc Fron
ai) Muminaton hues and ke greenLzlt o n t a
2ome orarje
n s
Uualy, Rd contains rad-gracn colorhlzrndnes, fCma
people lk
3ome blue, for berftt of on a yollur likt
t a t blue lerses
aneas atre
skts Bo mang susstkad
tte d crnssings can be auknaltia.lg
Talhc tzkts placed at micoprocesorsyslon
n Tve desired 30uene usirg tke
ON/OFF
Mr.S.SATHISH KUMAR, AP/MECH 1
 using So8S as CPU The s4ten
has EPROM memory for sato
Ssten hes been deveepel
pronam ADYaN a RAM mmory for Stack operalion

RS ADHDA
8253 Latch hpPI
D D
N
SystunBus tmsusbs

EPRN RAM
Koy79
board Ange Dri
Drplay
ControlL
Decola
Keboard -Cathele Oria
Conbiol a Kayboard faue haan pmvldd. uill e holphul r qperalion
lt, tortm
X For monual
r n e flo"is diyplagad daiy rannel kAts
bto ztth olOFF t e KdYalodCmen
tt dbeiten
Prinag fundln of p nto sglen LS3245] #Prb
in he speihid seguoNe to he zystin biegh bferl be n
The LED% are ikrtaied tirnad oNlDFF sing h i n
82SS schene e lzkacanhe
implenotalin
In e
prachcal
plazed ot tt
placed
hral,
transilors f relay drien bnsilor
ba connelel ko tfe
ith onFF LzltLzlt
bufer Can soi F F
the oulput af t r a n i i s t o r
canheuel

Celletör of te line o
suritch on t lihe
sods HiaH 5o g
a part
micpresor
The te lzkt. diten a t
t suitch olf sallosed in one
and las tnfie
aumad that e n d l n kety nrn R2
In tha s
stis
uone,
DN Conilon 4
OOFF
1preoa
tne
a
te l t yor adolle 1etou4
Can atput
Procassor
t s~tkiy
cades por
tne
dolag Tve pro.aMDY otht e Cods bor seheheI
Ma specizied
b Qach achudue, praesor Cantait
I.
or>pezhial Tone, Af Shedile Llast), Preo
rurned to Sechalle
Can agah rodlies is suticiert gorimploreig 12witle
le eleavel tet hose sheet doby
oitkat esing FR FL kt
Syslin Canke designod uig
to)
202econdk
W vansition for
E 4Eo
Ezamples
wt
DAllor dom d5 seconds. Yollo
transiion peniod 20snds
) Cnie Sto) dor
tratic Jom No 3ecmds
(Yollos)
3 Allco pOriadaf S
Cnive transilien
4
S)hpeat to pocOss in oneirs
N Prins LigktPins Ligkt
PAo R PBO R
PAL PBI Y3
W PA2 C PB 2
PA R2 PB R
PA4 Y2 BA YA
2 PASCn2 PBS| Cnh
s2 112V

P L 230VAC
SDHZ
ADo Do PAo w- B 547
ADT PAI
PAL
PAs
PAL
Ao PAs
A PBo pt+12V
PB1 FYee
1OR RD PB Wheelir
O W WR PB3
ete
P
RESETOUT RST
Pbst M

4
88 Yop
S