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Lab Report 11

The document summarizes a lab report on operating a mini steam power plant. It describes the apparatus used, including a digital flue gas analyzer, pressure display, electric boiler and pump, condenser, and computer interface. It explains that the steam cycle involves water being pumped and heated to steam to drive a turbine, then condensed back to water to repeat the cycle. The mini power plant is designed to demonstrate this Rankine cycle process for educational purposes. It produces steam to run a turbine and generator, with instruments to monitor performance and safety.

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mamoona noreen
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86 views

Lab Report 11

The document summarizes a lab report on operating a mini steam power plant. It describes the apparatus used, including a digital flue gas analyzer, pressure display, electric boiler and pump, condenser, and computer interface. It explains that the steam cycle involves water being pumped and heated to steam to drive a turbine, then condensed back to water to repeat the cycle. The mini power plant is designed to demonstrate this Rankine cycle process for educational purposes. It produces steam to run a turbine and generator, with instruments to monitor performance and safety.

Uploaded by

mamoona noreen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THERMODYNAMICS

LAB REPORT 11: STEAM POWER PLANT

Submitted by: Hamna Anwaar Registration no: 335763


TITLE: Steam Power Plant

OBJECTIVE:

To be able to know how to operate the mini steam power plant.

APPARATUS:

1. Digital flue gas analyzer for O2 and CO content


2. Pressure digital display
3. Mini Electric Boiler instead of LPG boiler
4. Electric feed pump
5. Condenser cooling unit
6. Fuel weight totalizer instead of flow meters
7. Cooling water flow sensor
8. Condensate weight totalizer instead of graduated beaker
9. Electric Super heater
10. Computer Interface

PRINCIPLE:

The thermodynamic cycle for the steam turbine is known as the Rankine cycle. This cycle is the basis for
conventional power generating stations and consists of a heat source (boiler) that converts water to
high pressure steam.

In the steam cycle, water is first pumped to elevated pressure, which is medium to high pressure,
depending on the size of the unit and the temperature to which the steam is eventually heated. It is
then heated to the boiling temperature corresponding to the pressure, boiled (heated from liquid to
vapor), and then most frequently superheated (heated to a temperature above that of boiling). The
pressurized steam is expanded to lower pressure in a turbine, then exhausted either to a condenser at
vacuum conditions, or into an intermediate temperature steam distribution system that delivers the
steam to the industrial or commercial application. The condensate from the condenser or from the
industrial steam utilization system is returned to the feedwater pump for continuation of the cycle.

THEORY:

A steam generator is an assembly or system formed by its boiler and its accessories, designed to
transform a liquid into steam, at temperature and pressure different from that of the atmosphere.

Its function is to produce steam to be used in the generation of mechanical and electrical energy, and to
feed process equipment. It is generally used in steam turbines to generate steam, usually water vapor,
with enough energy to run a turbine in a modified Rankine cycle.

Industrial steam generators are used for many processes in industry, such as generating hot water,
bringing liquids to boiling temperature, evaporating products or drying systems, etc.
This equipment is designed as a miniature modern day power plant for educational purpose.

A pump supplies water from a feed tank to a small gas fired boiler. The saturated steam can be
superheated by an electric superheater (optional). The steam is throttled to single stage turbine. Exhaust
from the turbine is condensed in a water cooled condenser. Condensate is collected in a graduated
beaker and returned to feed water tank by a pump. A small DC generator is connected to the turbine by
a belt, and electrical load is applied. A mechanical dynamometer is provided for measurement of turbine
mechanical output. The unit requires outside water supply.

Instruments are provided for monitoring and controlling of plant operation and performance as well as
for safety. The unit is on a steel frame with adjustable footings.

ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE:

Power plants emit air pollutants and water vapor as fog into the atmosphere that could affect the
growth and survival of certain vegetation communities. Some pollutants are toxins or promote diseases
that damage or kill plants.

CONCLUSION:

Steam power constitutes an important power source for industrial society. Water is heated to steam in
power plants, and the pressurized steam drives turbines that produce electrical current.

This experiment helped us understand the working process of a mini steam power plant.

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