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Port Layout Structure

This document discusses port layout and structure. It explains that a port's layout is a long-term strategic decision determined early in the planning process. Within a port, terminals can share infrastructure like access channels but each has its own quay, yard, and gate sites. A port's layout depends on factors like ship sizes and cargo types using the port. The document then describes the key components of a quay site including berths, cranes, conveyors, and infrastructure for different cargo types. Modern container cranes have evolved to handle larger ships with longer reaches and cycles. The yard facilitates cargo storage and transfer influenced by equipment and layout.

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Ankit Kale
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155 views

Port Layout Structure

This document discusses port layout and structure. It explains that a port's layout is a long-term strategic decision determined early in the planning process. Within a port, terminals can share infrastructure like access channels but each has its own quay, yard, and gate sites. A port's layout depends on factors like ship sizes and cargo types using the port. The document then describes the key components of a quay site including berths, cranes, conveyors, and infrastructure for different cargo types. Modern container cranes have evolved to handle larger ships with longer reaches and cycles. The yard facilitates cargo storage and transfer influenced by equipment and layout.

Uploaded by

Ankit Kale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Port Layout & Structure

Port Layout
• It is a long-term and strategic decision
• It is decided at the early stages of port planning and
design.
• Within a single port, different terminals can share
similar nautical infrastructure such as access channels,
jetties and breakwaters, dredging, piers and quay
structures.
• Each terminal may be decomposed into three main
operating sites – the quay site, the yard and the gate.
• All such sites must operate jointly for efficient cargo
handling and transfer.
Factors influencing layout and
configuration of ports and terminals
• Types, sizes and characteristics of ships calling at the port
– Ship’s length, beam, draft, superstructure considerations, cargo-carrying capacity, gears and derricks,
etc,
• Traffic’s type
– Bulk, break-bulk, general cargo, unitised, passenger, etc)
• Traffic proportions
– Import, export, direct-call, transhipment, etc),
• Physical
– Oceanographic, hydrographical, topographic, climate, etc) and
• Engineering
• Engineering (construction, dredging, pavement, etc) conditions,
• Type
– Standard, special, hazardous, refrigerated, etc), weight and
• Packaging dimensions
– Full-load, half-load, containerised, palletised, etc) of cargo categories,
• Land and terminal’s area, capacity and cost constraints,
• Operating factors such as equipment and labour costs,
• The location and configuration of freight sites within or outside the port or the terminal.
Quay site systems Infrastructure & equipment
Quay Site
• Quay site physical infrastructure includes berth’s length, draft and
structure in line with the type of ship and cargo handled.
• In Ro-Ro and ferry ports, ramps (shore or ship based) are used for cargo
and vehicle transfer between ship and quay.
• For other terminals, the cranes (Onboard or on shore) are the main
equipment used for ship loading and unloading.
• In dry bulk terminals, cargo is usually transferred between the ships holds
and the storage area (open storage, silos, sheds, etc) by means of belts or
conveyors.
• For liquid bulk terminals, a distinction is made between loading and
discharging terminals.
– In loading terminals, loading arms and hoses are used as conveying devices
between vessels and loading platforms, while buoy and single point moorings
are used for vessel loading in off-shore terminals.
– In unloading terminals, cargo is discharged by ship’s pumps, but terminals
provide additional capacity in the form of booster pumps.
Quay Site
• Special consideration is given for handling of
refrigerated or compressed liquid gases such
as LNG and LPG.
• For break bulk and general cargo operations,
ship’s mounted cranes (gears or derricks) are
employed in under-equipped ports or where
there is limited containerised traffic.
• At ports with significant containerised cargo
traffic, STS container cranes are used.
Container terminal with handling equipment
Quay Site Developments
• Container handling cranes have evolved over
time and it is a continuous process.
• Increasing size and dimensions of container
ships, mandates existence of longer crane
outreach to cover efficient length of the crane
trolley across ship container deck.
• Other important factors to consider include
crane back-reach, gauge (distance between
legs), cycle-time, lift capacity and lift height.
• STS container cranes have different operating configurations such as the
gauge, the outreach, the back-reach, the lift capacity and the height.
• These parameters are usually proportional to the type and size of vessels
serviced but they operate on speedier cycle times (hoist and trolley speed)
so that standard operational benchmarks of crane move per hour can be
achieved.
• Since large vessels have an extended outreach, the average cycle time of
STS cranes operating them must be increased substantially in order to
achieve comparable productivity levels to those of STS cranes handing
smaller vessels.
• Apart from the cycle time parameter, the lifting capability is another key
performance indicator for STS cranes.
• Modern cranes have a higher load capacity and are equipped with several
extendable spreaders, which allow them to handle multi-container picks
(eg twin and tandem lifts) in a single move.
• Therefore, performance data on both cycle time and lifting capability must
be included in the crane input variable in order to capture the productive
technology of STS cranes.
Types and characteristics of modern STS cranes
Relationship between container-ship
size and requirements for STS cranes
Yard and Gate System
• A terminal’s yard facilitates cargo storage,
stacking, transfer and distribution.
• Yard planning is influenced by the existence of
layout and handling equipment which will
ultimately influence the process-flow and
efficiency of terminal operations.
Functions of Ports
Key administrative & Operational functions
End of the topic

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