MODULE01:

COMMUNI
CATI
ON
Whati
sCommuni
cat
ion?

 camef
rom t
heLat
inwor
d"communi
car
e"-t
oshar
eort
omakecommon

 apr
ocessofsendi
ngandr
ecei
vi
ngi
nfor
mat
ionbet
weenandamongpeopl
e
COMMUNI
CATI
ONPROCESS

 wayofshar
ingi
nfor
mat
iont
hroughcommuni
cat
ionel
ement
s
ELEMENTSOFCOMMUNI
CATI
ONPROCESS
1.SENDER
- begi
nst
hecommuni
cat
ionpr
ocess
- t
hesour
ceofi
nfor
mat
ion
2.ENCODI
NG
- t
hepr
oduct
ionoft
hemessage
3.MESSAGE
- cont
ainst
hei
nfor
mat
ion,
ideas,
ort
hought
sconv
eyedbyt
hespeaker
4.CHANNEL
- t
hemedi
um ormeanst
hati
susedt
odel
i
vert
hemessage
5.RECEI
VER
- t
heper
sont
owhom t
hemessagei
sdi
rect
ed
6.DECODI
NG
- howt
her
ecei
verunder
standsori
nter
pret
sthemessage
7.FEEDBACK
- t
her
eact
ions,
responses,
ori
nfor
mat
ionpr
ovi
dedbyt
her
ecei
ver
8.NOI
SE/
BARRI
ER
- t
hef
act
orsorobst
ruct
ionst
hataf
fectt
hef
lowofcommuni
cat
ion
TYPESOFCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
1)VERBALCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
- I
tref
erstot
hef
orm ofcommuni
cat
ioni
nwhi
chmessagei
str
ansmi
tt
ed
v
erbal
ly.
- Communi
cat
ioni
sdonebywor
dofmout
handapi
eceofwr
it
ing
- I
tisdi
vi
dedi
nto:
A.ORALCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
- Spokenwor
dsar
eused.
- Iti
ncludesface-
to-
faceconver
sat
ions,speech,
tel
ephonic
conversat
ions,v
ideo,r
adio,
tel
evi
sion,
v oi
ceover,
int
ernet
.
- ADVANTAGES:
Immedi
atef
eedback,
Time-
sav
ing
 - DI
SADVANTAGES:
Poorr
etent
ion,
Misunder
standi
ng
B.WRI
TTENCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
- Wr
it
tensi
gnsorsy
mbol
sar
eused
- Messagecanbet
ransmi
tt
edv
iaemai
l
,let
ter
,repor
t,memo
et
c.
- I
tisthemostcommonf
orm ofcommuni
cat
ionbei
ngused
busi
ness.
- ADVANTAGES:
All
owsedi
ti
ngandr
evi
sions,
Prov
idesr
ecor
d
andbackup
- DI
SADVANTAGES:
Time-consumi
ng,
Expensi
ve
2)NON-
VERBALCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
- I
tist
hesendi
ngorr
ecei
vi
ngofwor
dlessmessages
o TYPESOFNON-
VERBALCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
I
. Bodyl
anguage
I
I. Mov
ement
I
II
. Post
ure
I
V. Gest
ures
V. Space
VI
. Faci
alexpr
essi
ons
VI
I. Ey
econt
act
VI
II
. Touch
I
X. Par
alanguage
LEVELSOFCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
1.I
NTRAPERSONALCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
- I
tisacommuni
cat
iont
hatoccur
siny
ourownmi
nd.
- I
tist
hebasi
sofy
ourf
eel
i
ngs,
biases,
prej
udi
ces,
andbel
i
efs.
2.I
NTERPERSONALCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
- I
tist
hecommuni
cat
ionbet
weent
wopeopl
e.
3.SMALLGROUPCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
- I
tist
hecommuni
cat
ionwi
thi
nfor
mal
ori
nfor
mal
groupsort
eams.
- Iti
sagroupi
nter
acti
onthatr
esul
tsindeci
sionmaki
ng,
probl
em sol
vi
ng
anddi
scussi
onwithi
nanorgani
zat
ion.
4.PUBLI
CCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
- Iti
nvolvesaspeakerwhoseekst
oinf
orm,
per
suadeormot
ivat
ean
audience.
5.MASSCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
 - I
tist
heel
ect
roni
corpr
intt
ransmi
ssi
onofmessagest
othegener
alpubl
i
c.
- Out
letscall
edmassmedi
aar
edesi
gnedt
oreachl
argeaudi
enceswi
thout
i
tbeingface-
to-
face.
BARRI
ERSTOCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
1.PHYSI
CALBARRI
ERS
- nat
ural
orenvir
onmental
chal
l
engespeopl
efacedur
ingcommuni
cat
ion
duetothei
rsur
roundi
ngs
2.PSYCHOLOGI
CALBARRI
ERS
- ment
albarr
ier
sthatr
efert
ot hesoci
alandper
sonal
issuesofaspeaker
t
owardscommunicat
ingwithother
s
3.LI
NGUI
STI
CBARRI
ERS
- causedduet
odi
ff
erencesi
nlanguage,
dial
ectoraccent
4.CULTURALBARRI
ERS
- der
ivefrom dif
fer
encesi
nav
ari
etyofcat
egor
ies,
suchasr
ace,
rel
i
gion,
andtradit
ions
5.GENDERBARRI
ERS
- di
ff
erencesbet
weenwomenandmeni
nter
msofcommuni
cat
ionst
yle
6.PERCEPTUALBARRI
ERS
- ment
albl
ockst
hatar
ether
esul
tofi
nter
nal
biaseswehav
eofpeopl
eor
ev
ent
saroundus
7CSTOEFFECTI
VECOMMUNI
CATI
ON
1.COMPLETENESS
- I
tisgi
vi
ngal
lthei
nformat
ionwhi
chhel
pst
her
ecei
verdi
gestandacton
t
hemessagecorr
ectl
y.
2.CONCI
SENESS
- I
tisst
ati
ngt
hemessagebr
ief
lyordi
rectt
othepoi
nt.
3.CORRECTNESS
- Iti
sconsi
der
ingpr
opergrammar
,punct
uat
ion,
tone,
orf
ormati
n
communicat
ingmessages.
4.CONCRETENESS
- I
tiscommuni
cat
ingwi
thspeci
fi
cdet
ail
srat
hert
hangener
alones.
5.COURTESY
- I
tmeansbei
ngpol
i
tei
ncommuni
cat
ingwi
thot
her
s.
6.CLARI
TY
- I
tismaki
ngsurethatt
hemessageiscl
earbypr
ovi
dingcompl
etedet
ail
s
t
oavoi
dconfusi
onsormisi
nter
pret
ati
ons.
7.CONSI
DERATI
ON
- I
tisconsi
der
ingt
hef
eel
i
ngsofot
her
swi
thwhom y
oucommuni
cat
ewi
th.
MODULE02:
ETHI
CS

 ETHI
CS
- I
tpertai
nst
ovaluest
hathasbeeni
nst
il
ledi
nuswhi
chwehav
eknowi
ngl
y
orunknowi
ngl
yaccept
ed.
- I
tisourbasi
sforourdeci
sion-
maki
ngandcommuni
cat
ionet
hics.

 COMMUNI
CATI
ONETHI
CS
- I
tisthenot
ionthatani
ndiv
idual
orgr
oup’
sbehav
iorar
egov
ernedbyt
hei
r
moralswhi
chinturnaf
fect
scommunicat
ion.
- I
tdeal
swi
tht
hemor
algoodpr
esenti
nanyf
orm ofhumancommuni
cat
ion.
PRI
NCI
PLESOFETHI
CALCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
1.Bet
rut
hful
andbehonest
2.Pr
act
iceact
ivel
i
steni
ng
3.Speaknon-
judgment
all
y
4.Speakf
rom y
ourownexper
ience
5.Consi
dert
her
ecei
ver
'spr
efer
redcommuni
cat
ionchannel
6.St
ri
vet
ounder
stand
7.Av
oidanegat
ivet
one
8.Donoti
nter
ruptot
her
s
9.Respectpr
ivacyandconf
ident
ial
i
ty
10.
Acceptr
esponsi
bil
i
ty
ETHI
CALDI
LEMMASI
NCOMMUNI
CATI
ON

 PLAGI
ARI
SM
- I
tist
heactofpr
esent
inganot
heraut
hor
’swor
kandcl
aimi
ngi
tyourown.
- TYPESOFPLAGI
ARI
SM
1.Di
rectPl
agi
ari
sm
o Di
rect
lycopy
ingsomeoneel
se’
swor
ds
2.Aut
o-Pl
agi
ari
sm
o r
ecy
cli
ngy
ourownpastwor
k
3.Compl
etePl
agi
ari
sm
o Submi
tt
ingsomeoneel
se’
swor
kint
hei
rownname
4.Par
aphr
asi
ngPl
agi
ari
sm
o Rephr
asi
ngsomeoneel
se’
sideast
opr
esentt
hem asy
ourown
5.Mosai
cPl
agi
ari
sm
o St
it
chi
ngt
oget
herpar
tsofdi
ff
erentsour
cest
ocr
eat
eyourt
ext

 SELECTI
VEMI
SQUOTI
NG
 -I
tist
her
epet
it
ionofsomet
hingsomeonehassai
dinawayt
hati
snotcor
rect
.

 MI
SREPRESENTI
NGNUMBERS
-I
tist
heunethi
calmani
pul
ati
onofdat
aincr
easi
ng,
decr
easi
ng,
alt
eri
ngst
ati
sti
cs,
oromi
tti
ngdata.

 DI
STORTI
NGVI
SUALS
-I
tinv
olv
esmaki
ngapr
oductl
ookbi
ggert
oexagger
ateorconceal
dif
fer
ences.
PURCOM MODULE03:
COMMUNI
CATI
ONANDGLOBALI
ZATI
ON

GLOBALI
ZATI
ON
o I
tistheprocessofi
nter
act
ionandi
ntegr
ati
onamongpeopl
e,compani
esand
governmentworl
dwide.
TYPESOFGLOBALI
ZATI
ON
1.FI
NANCI
ALGLOBALI
ZATI
ON
- easeorcomf
ortatwhi
chmoneycanbespr
eadar
oundt
hewor
ld
2.ECONOMI
CGLOBALI
ZATI
ON
- way
scor
por
ati
onsdobusi
nessasmul
ti
nat
ional
organi
zat
ionsnowaday
s
3.TECHNOLOGI
CALGLOBALI
ZATI
ON
- spr
eadoft
echnol
ogyar
oundt
hewor
ld
4.POLI
TICALGLOBALI
ZATI
ON
- di
plomat
icnegot
iat
ionsbet
weennat
ion-
stat
es
5.CULTURALGLOBALI
ZATI
ON
- spr
eadandmi
xi
ngofcul
tur
esar
oundt
hewor
ld
6.SOCI
OLOGI
CALGLOBALI
ZATI
ON
- i
deat
hatwenowl
i
vei
nashar
edsoci
ety
7.ECOLOGI
CALGLOBALI
ZATI
ON
- i
deat
hatt
hewor
ldneedst
obeconsi
der
edasonei
nter
connect
edecosy
stem
8.GEOGRAPHI
CALGLOBALI
ZATI
ON
- i
deat
hatt
hewor
ldi
snol
ongerseenasgr
oupsofdi
sti
nctnat
ions
THEI
MPACTSOFGLOBALI
ZATI
ONI
NCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
1)I
NCREASEDOPPURTUNI
TIES
- Gl
obal
i
zati
onhasint
roducedv i
rt
ualcommuni
cat
ionandcol
l
abor
ati
onasa
maj
orpar
tofworkpl
acedy namics.
2)FEWERCULTURALBARRI
ERS
- Cul
tur
alawarenessi
samaj ori
mpactofgl
obal
i
zat
ionont
her
equi
redski
l
lsof
ef
fect
ivecommunicat
ors.
3)CREATI
ONOFAGLOBALVI
LLAGE
- Marshal
lMcLuhan,amediaandcommunicat
iontheori
st,
coinedtheter
m
“gl
obalv
il
lage”whi
chrefer
stothewor
ldwherei
nallit
sdiff
erentpar
tsform
onecommuni t
yli
nkedtoget
herbyt
echnol
ogy.
4)I
NTERCULTURALCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
- I
tistheexchangeofi
nfor
mat
ionbet
weeni
ndi
vi
dual
swi
thdi
ff
erentcul
tur
al
backgr
ounds.
CHARACTERI
STI
CSOFI
NTERCULTURALCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
1.MOTI
VATI
ON
- Thedesi
ret
ocommuni
cat
esuccessf
ull
ywi
thst
ranger
sisani
mpor
tantst
art
.
2.TOLERANCEOFAMBI
GUI
TY
- Thi
smakesitpossi
blet
oacceptandevenembracevagueand
i
ncompr
ehensibl
emessagethatchar
acter
izei
nter
cul
tur
alcommuni
cat
ion.
3.OPEN-
MINDEDNESS
- Pr
inci
pledcommuni
cat
orsar
enotl
i
kel
ytocompr
omi
sedeepl
yhel
dbel
i
efsof
whati
sr i
ght
4.KNOWLEDGEANDSKI
LL
- Communi
cat
iontheori
st,
Char
lesBerger
, out
li
nesthr
eestrat
egi
esf
ormoving
for
war
dtoamindfulandcompetentst
yleofint
ercul
tur
alcommuni
cat
ion.
A.PASSIVEOBSERVATI
ON:
Obser
vingot
her
sfr
om adi
stancei
na
di
screetmanner
B.ACTI
VESTRATEGI ES:
Seeki
ngi
nfor
mat
ionf
rom at
hir
dpar
tyabouta
newacquai
ntance
C.SELF-
DISCLOSURE:
Passi
ngoni
nfor
mat
ionabouty
our
sel
ftosomeone
el
se
BARRI
ERSTOI
NTERCULTURALCOMMUNI
CATI
ON
1.ANXI
ETY
- Anindi
vi
dual
feel
sanxi
ousbecauseofnotknowi
ngwhathe/
shei
sexpect
ed
todo.
2.ASSUMI
NGSI
MILARI
TYI
NSTEADOFDI
FFERENCES
- I
tiswhensomeonefr
om onecult
ureencount
ersanothercul
tur
eandt
hinks
t
hatther
earenodi
ff
erencesbet
weenthetwocultur
es.
3.ETHNOCENTRI
SM
- I
tist
het
endencyt
oseey
ourowncul
tur
eassuper
iort
oot
her
s.
4.STEREOTYPI
NG
- Thisi
sabroadert
erm usedt
orefert
onegati
veorposi
ti
vejudgement
smade
abouti
ndi
vi
dualswhi
chguidesyourr
eact
ionstowar
dsthem.
5.PREJUDI
CE
- I
tpert
ainstothei
rr
ational
disl
i
keorhatr
edofapart
icul
argr
oupofpeopl
e,
moreli
kelyt
hannot,wedonotpersonal
lyknow.
HOW TOI
MPROVEI
NTERCULTURALSKI
LLS
1.Pr
epar
e
2.Lear
nthel
anguage
3.Obser
ve
4.Beopen-
mindedandsel
f-
awar
e
5.Askquest
ions
6.Seekhel
p
PURCOM MODULE04:
PUNCTUATI
ONMARKS
WHATI
SPUNCTUATI
ON?
o I
tisasy
stem ofsy
mbol
sandsi
gnsi
ntheEngl
i
shl
anguage.
WHYDOWENEEDPUNCTUATI
ON?
o I
tisusedt
obr
ingcl
ari
tyandmeani
ngt
owr
it
ing.
TWOBASI
CKI
NDSOFPUNCTUATI
ON
o EXTERNAL
A)PERI
OD(
.)
 Toi
ndi
cat
etheendofadecl
arat
iveori
mper
ati
vesent
ence
 Tof
oll
owanabbr
evi
ati
on
B)QUESTI
ONMARK(
?)
 Toendani
nter
rogat
ivesent
ence
C)EXCLAMATI
ONPOI
NT(
!)
 Toendanexcl
amat
orysent
ence
 Tof
oll
owani
nter
ject
ion
o I
NTERNAL
A)COMMA(
,)
 Tosepar
ateel
ement
sinaser
ies
 Toi
ndi
cat
edi
rectaddr
ess
 OXFORDCOMMA: pl
acedinaseri
esoft
hreeormor
eit
ems;
Ist
hef
inal
commaandgoesbefor
ethe“and”
B)COLON(
:)
 Toi
ntr
oduceal
i
st
C)SEMI–COLON(
;)
 Usedt
oli
nkt
woi
ndependentcl
ausest
hatexpr
essr
elat
edi
deas
 Usedasasupercomma
D)APOSTROPHE(
‘)
 Toi
ndi
cat
eami
ssi
ngl
ett
er/
sinacont
ract
ion
 Toshowpossessi
on
E)QUOTATI
ONMARKS(
““)
 Toi
ndi
cat
edi
rectquot
ati
ons
F)HYPHEN(
-)
 Toconnectel
ement
sofwor
dsper
tai
ningt
oone
G)DASH(
-)
  Toi
ndi
cat
easuddenshi
fti
nthought
H)PARENTHESES(
)
 Toi
ndi
cat
ewor
dsorphr
aseswhi
char
enotnecessar
yint
hesent
ence
I
) ELLI
PSI
S(.
..
)
 Toshowomi
ssi
onofl
ett
ersorwor
ds
J)AMPERSAND(
&)
 I
sreadal
oudasthewor
dandi
susedasasubst
it
utef
ort
hatwor
din
i
nfor
malwri
ti
ng
PURCOM MODULE05:
MACROSKI
LLS
MACROSKI
LLS
- r
efert
othepr
imar
y,key
,mai
n,andl
argestski
l
lsetr
elat
ivet
oapar
ti
cul
arcont
ext
- ar
emostr
efer
redt
oinEngl
i
shl
anguage
- ar
eal
soknownasl
anguageski
l
ls
LI
STENI
NG
- Iti
stheabi
li
tyt
oaccurat
elyr
ecei
veandi
nter
pretmessagesi
nthe
communicat
ionpr
ocess
SPEAKI
NG
- I
tist
heabi
l
ityt
ocommuni
cat
eor
all
yandef
fect
ivel
y
READI
NG
- I
tist
heabili
tyt
oprocesst
ext
,under
standi
tsmeani
ngandi
ntegr
atewhatt
he
r
eaderal
readyknows.
- Ithel
psanindi
vi
duali
mpr
oveallpar
tsoft
heEngl
i
shl
anguage–v
ocabul
ary
,
spell
i
ng,gr
ammar ,
andwr
iti
ng.
- Appr
oxi
mat
elyonl
y80%oft
hewor
ld’
spopul
ati
oni
srepor
tedt
obeabl
etor
ead.
READI
NGSKILLSHELPTHESTUDENTSGRASPTHECONTENTANDDRAW
CONCLUSI
ONS
1.Usi
ngski
mmi
ngorscanni
ngt
echni
quet
oreadqui
ckl
yishi
ghl
yef
fect
ive.
2.Whi
l
ereadi
ng,
under
li
ningofkeywor
dsi
samust
.
3.Student
sshouldal
sof
amili
ari
zet
hemsel
veswi
tht
hej
argonsandnewwor
ds
bymakingreadi
ngahabi
t.
WRI
TING
- I
tist
heabil
i
tywhichent
ail
sthepr
ocessofusi
ngsy
mbol
stocommuni
cat
e
t
hought
sinareadabl
eform
- I
thel
pstoconsoli
dat
ethei
rgr
aspofv
ocabul
aryandst
ruct
ureandcompl
ement
s
t
heotherl
anguageski
ll
s
4 MAI
NGOALSFORSTUDENTACHI
EVEMENTI
NWRI
TING
1.Towr
it
ecl
ear
lyandcr
eat
ivel
ytoconv
eyamessage
2.Tocommuni
cat
eideas,
thought
s,f
eel
i
ngs,
andexper
iences
3.Tounder
standt
hatwr
it
ingi
sar
efl
ect
iveandi
nter
act
ivepr
ocess
4.Tounder
standt
hedi
ff
erentpur
poses,
audi
ences,
andf
ormsofwr
it
ing
VI
EWI
NG
- I
tref
erst
otheabi
l
ityt
oper
cei
vemeani
ngf
rom v
isual
imagesandpr
esent
ati
ons
- REASONSWHYVI
EWI
NGBECAMEPARTOFTHEMACROSKI
LLS
1.Di
git
alage
 2.Mobi
l
edev
ices
3.Soci
almedi
apl
atf
orms
EXPRESSI
VE
- Expressiv
elanguageist
he“out
put”ofl
anguage,
theabi
l
ityt
oexpr
essy
our
thoughts,f
eel
ings,want
sandneeds.
- SPEAKI
NGANDWRI
TING
RECEPTI
VE
- Recept
ivelanguagei
sthe“
input
”oflanguage,theabi
li
tytounder
standand
comprehendwhatsomeoneelseiscommuni cati
ngtothem.
- LI
STENI
NG,
READI
NGANDVI
EWI
NG
PURCOM –MODULE06:
LISTENI
NG
Epi
ctet
us–“Wehav
etwoear
sbutonl
yonemout
hsot
hatwecanl
i
stent
wiceasmuch
aswespeak”
Whati
sLi
steni
ng?
- I
tist
hemosti
mpor
tantcommuni
cat
ionski
l
l
- I
tisanacti
vepr
ocessbywhi
chwemakesenseofassessandr
espondt
owhat
wehear.
Li
steni
ngComesFi
rst
1.Li
steni
ng
2.Speaki
ng
3.Readi
ng
4.Wr
it
ing
Hear
ingVs.Li
steni
ng
Hear
ing
- Phy
siol
ogi
cal
processwher
eyousi
mpl
yper
cei
vesoundbyear
- Passi
ve
Li
steni
ng
- Ment
alpr
ocesswher
eyouchooset
oact
ivel
yconcent
rat
eonwhaty
ouhear
- Act
ive;
lear
nedpr
ocess;
aski
l
l
Benef
it
sofLi
steni
ng
1.Youbecomeabet
terst
udent
2.Youbecomeabet
terf
ri
end
3.Peopl
ewi
l
lper
cei
vey
ouasi
ntel
l
igentandper
spect
ive
4.Goodl
i
steni
ngcanhel
pyoupubl
i
cspeaki
ng
Char
act
eri
sti
csoft
he“
BestKi
nd”ofLi
steni
ng
1.Vol
unt
ary
2.Cooper
ati
ve
3.Pur
posef
ul
4.Mot
ivat
ed
5.Cr
it
ical
Pr
ocessofLi
steni
ng
1.Recei
vi
ng(
Hear
ing)
- I
tist
heresponsecausedbysoundwav
esst
imul
ati
ngt
hesensor
yrecept
orsof
t
hebrai
n
2.Under
standi
ng(
Lear
ning)
 - I
tistheresponsecausedbyt
hesoundwav
esst
imul
ati
ngt
hesensor
yrecept
ors
oftheears
3.Remember
ing(
Recal
l
ing)
- I
tinv
olv
esr
etai
ningmessagesf
oratl
eastsomeper
iodoft
ime
4.Ev
aluat
ion(
Judgi
ng)
- I
tconsi
stsofj
udgi
ngt
hemessagei
nsomeway
5.Respondi
ng(
Answer
ing)
- I
trequi
rest
hatt
her
ecei
vercompl
etest
hepr
ocesst
hroughv
erbal
ornon-
ver
bal
f
eedback
Ty
pesofLi
steni
ng
1.Appr
eci
ati
veLi
steni
ng
- Li
steni
ngf
orpl
easur
eandenj
oyment
2.Emphat
icLi
steni
ng
- Li
steni
ngt
opr
ovi
deemot
ional
suppor
tfort
hespeaker
3.Compr
ehensi
ve/
Act
iveLi
steni
ng
- Li
steni
ngt
ounder
standt
hemessageofaspeaker
3 Mai
nDegr
eesofAct
iveLi
steni
ng
A.Repeat
ing–r
equi
resper
cei
vi
ng,
pay
ingat
tent
ion,
andr
emember
ing
B.Par
aphrasi
ng–r equi
resthinkingandr
easoni
ng.I
tinv
olv
esr
ender
ingt
he
messageusingasimilarphrase
C.Refl
ect
ing–inv
olv
esr
ender
ingt
hemessageusi
ngy
ourownwor
dsand
sent
encest
ruct
ure
4.Cr
it
ical
/Anal
yti
cal
List
eni
ng
- List
eningtoeval
uateamessagef
orpur
poseofaccept
ingorrej
ecti
ngi
tand
focusesineval
uati
ngwhet
heramessagei
slogi
calandreasonabl
e
- Usescr
it
ical
thi
nki
ngski
l
ls
Cr
it
ical
thi
nking–i
tref
erst
otheabi
l
ityt
oanal
yzei
nfor
mat
ionobj
ect
ivel
yand
makeareasonedj
udgment
A)Obser
vati
on–theabi
l
ityt
onot
iceandpr
edi
ctoppor
tuni
ti
es,
probl
ems,
andsol
uti
ons.
B)Anal
ysi
s–t hegat
her
ing,
under
standi
ng,
andi
nter
pret
ingofdat
aandot
her
i
nfor
mation
C)I
nfer
ence–invol
vesdrawingconcl
usi
onsbasedonr el
evantdat
a,
i
nfor
mation,
andpersonal
knowledgeandexper
ience.
D)Probl
em-
Sol
ving–thepr
ocessofgather
ing,
anal
yzing,and
communi
cat
inginf
ormat
iontoi
denti
fyandfi
ndsoluti
ons
Bar
ri
erst
oEf
fect
iveLi
steni
ng
 1.Excessi
veTal
ki
ng
2.Di
str
act
ions
3.I
nter
rupt
ing
4.Faki
ngAt
tent
ion
5.Emot
ions
6.Noi
se
Ti
psf
orBei
ngaGoodLi
stener
- Lety
our
sel
ffi
nishl
i
steni
ngbef
orey
oubegi
ntospeak
- “
List
en”t
onon-
ver
bal
cuesaswel
l
- Askquest
ions
- Payat
tent
ionandgi
vef
eedback