Advances in Engineering Research, volume 210

Conference on Broad Exposure to Science and Technology 2021 (BEST 2021)

1 X 1000 Kva Transformator Measurement Analysis

Using Vector Group Dyn-11 and
Off Load Tap Changer
Setiyo Budiyanto1*, Imelda Uli Vistalina Simanjuntak1,
Lukman Medriavin Silalahi1, Agus Dendi Rochendi2, Freddy Artadima Silaban1
1
Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Mercu Buana
Jl. Raya Meruya Selatan, Kembangan, Jakarta 11650
2
Department of Oceanographic Physics Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia
Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430
*
Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The problem of this research is to generate electrical energy in the power plant which is located far from the load
center, so it requires a transmission line in order to be distributed to the public. The purpose of this research is to find
out the ratio on the primary (20,000Volt) and secondary (400Volt) power transformers using off load tap changer, then
observe, operate, and analyze the comparison of calculation results with the Transformer Turn Ratio (TTR) tool. The
proposed method is an analysis of the condition of the transformer in a state of extinguishing to find out the condition
of the transformer's entangler. The comparison results that have been done can be known at a voltage of 40VAC,
obtained the results of testing the TTR measuring instrument when it exceeds the tolerance limit of 0.5% then the
measurement results on one of the coils undergo a change in ratio. Suggestions that transformers are routinely checked,
because if ignored potentially unbalance voltage on one of the coils and it will result in loss of voltage.

Keywords: Transformer, Vector Group, Load Tap Changer

1. INTRODUCTION between the generating system and the distribution sys-

Public life and electrical energy are two things tem [6].
that cannot be separated in this modern era [1]. The avail- A transformer is an electrical device that can change
ability of adequate electricity is a prerequisite for im- the level of an AC voltage to another level. The purpose
proving people's welfare through the industrial sector [2], of changing these levels includes reducing the voltage or
the development sector [3], and the economic sector [4] increasing the voltage. This transformer or transformer
which must be accompanied by an electric power system works based on the principle of electromagnetic induc-
with a high level of quality and reliability. The electric tion and can only work on alternating current (AC) [7].
power system consists of a generating system, a trans- Transformers (transformers) play a very important role
mission system, and a distribution system [5]. The loca- in the distribution of electricity. The transformer raises
tion of the power plant which is not always close to the the electricity from the PLN power plant to hundreds of
load center means that electricity must be channeled kilo volts for distribution, and then the other transformers
through transmission and distribution lines in order to reduce the voltage required by every household and of-
reach consumers. One part that cannot be separated from fice, which generally uses 220Volt AC voltage. is the
the distribution transmission line is the substation. The most important asset in the electricity transmission and
substation is a collection of extra-high voltage electrical distribution system. Apart from routine correct mainte-
equipment that has an important role in transforming nance, testing is also very necessary to detect any disturb-
electrical power as well as a control center to coordinate ances or damage to the transformer. So doing various
types of measurements that describe the actual condition

Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press International B.V.

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 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 210

of the equipment being measured is one way to prevent on the transformer. The output of the measuring instru-
damage to the transformer. The transformer tests are car- ment is then compared with a manual calculation so as to
ried out according to SPLN'50-1982 [8] by going through produce an analysis result of the measurement of a 1 x
three kinds of tests, as also described in IEC 76 (1976) 1000 KVA transformer using the dyn-11 vector group
which are routine tests, type tests and special tests. One and off load tap changer.
of the transformer measurements is using a TTR (Trans-
former Turn Ratio) measuring instrument. This is im-
portant for the correct prediction of the transformer con-
dition. Therefore, this research was conducted to predict
and assess the performance of the transformer, so as to
minimize and prevent transformer failures that can harm
many aspects. The operational feasibility of a power
transformer can be determined after going through the
stages of testing based on applicable standards. The reli-
ability of the transformer during the operation period is
largely determined by the way it is maintained, so that Figure 2. Installation of the Raytech Transformer Turn
maintenance is needed for the reliability of the trans- Ratio Connector to the Vector Group Dyn-11 on Coil 1
former [9-10]. (Phase U).
The purpose of this research is to determine the ratio
on the primary and secondary side of a 1000 KVA power Based on Figure 2 in order to obtain the compari-
transformer with a primary voltage of 20,000 Volt and a son of the primary and secondary windings in the trans-
secondary 400 Volt using an Off Load Tap Changer, then former, the first thing to prepare is the Raytech Trans-
observe and operate directly the use of the Raytech formator Turn Ratio measuring instrument. The Raytech
Transformer Turn Ratio comparison tool on the primary Transformator Turn Ratio meter has four output con-
and secondary side of the transformer. 1000 KVA, result- nector cables where one red cable and one black cable for
ing in comparisons between manual calculations using the primary side and one red cable and one black cable
the Raytech Transformator Turn Ratio measuring instru- for the secondary side. It should be noted in the installa-
ment. The research output obtained is that the trans- tion of the connector cable so that it is not arbitrary and
former secondary voltage error is known so that it can be must be adjusted to the Dyn-11 vector group on the trans-
analyzed the condition of the transformer itself which re- former being tested, as shown in Figure 2.
fers to the tolerance limits issued by IEEE C57.125.1991. Figure 2 shows the connection of coil 1 to the
Raytech Transformator Turn Ratio gauge, on the primary
2. RESEARCH METHOD side one red wire is connected to the root bushing (phase
START
1U), one black wire is connected to the root bushing
(phase 1V). On the secondary side one red wire is con-
STANBY TOOL
nected to the root bushing (2u), one black wire is con-
MEASUREMENT
INSTRUMENT :
RAYTECH
FIELD
RESEARCH
CALCULATING
MANUAL
nected to the root bushing (2n).
TRANSFORMER
TURN RATIO END

TURN ON
MEASURING
INSTRUMENT : ANALYSIS
NO COMPARING ? YES
RAYTECH
TRANSFORMER
TURN RATIO

NO

START COLLECT
CONNECTED ? YES
TESTING DATA

Figure 1. Flowchart design.

Figure 1 shows a schematic flowchart of the pro-

posed research methodology. This test is carried out on Figure 3. Installation of the Raytech Transformer Turn
the transformer in an off state (not on voltage) because it Ratio Connector to the Vector Group Dyn-11 on Coil 2
uses an off load tap changer by changing the tapping on (Phase V).
the transformer and connecting the Raytech Transformer
Turn Ratio gauge so that the ratio value data is obtained Figure 3 shows the connection of coil 2 to the Ray-
tech Transformator Turn Ratio gauge, on the primary

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 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 210

side one red wire is connected to the root bushing (phase 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1V), one black wire is connected to the root bushing
(phase 1W). On the secondary side one red wire is con-
nected to the root bushing (2v), one black wire is con-
nected to the root bushing (2n).

Figure 4. Installation of the Raytech Transformer Turn

Ratio Connector to the Vector Group Dyn-11 on Coil 3
(Phase W).

Figure 4 shows the connection of coil 3 to the Ray- Figure 5. Raytech Transformer Turn Ratio Measure-
tech Transformator Turn Ratio gauge, on the primary ment Coil 1 (Left side - 5 times); Raytech Transformer
side one red wire is connected to the root bushing (phase Turn Ratio Measurement Coil 2 (Center side - 5 times);
1W), one black wire is connected to the root bushing Raytech Transformer Turn Ratio Measurement Coil 3
(phase 1U). On the secondary side one red wire is con- (Right side - 5 times).
nected to the root bushing (2w), one black wire is con-
nected to the root bushing (2n). Figure 5 shows the results of measurements using the
From the test results using the Raytech Transformer Raytech Transformator Turn Ratio measuring instrument
Turn Ratio measuring instrument, the resulting data out- which will then be recorded and analyzed after compari-
put is then compared with the following formula: sons are obtained by performing manual calculations as
shown in Eq. 3 – Eq. 7.
HVTap
(1)
LV / 3 HVTap 21000
Tapping1    90,93 (3)
The result of Raytech Transformator Turn Ratio meas- LV / 3 400 / 3
urement is tolerated ± 0.5% of the dividing result using HVTap 20500
the formula. This tolerance reference is based on the Tapping1    88,76 (4)
IEEE C57.125.1991 standard. This tolerance is func-
LV / 3 400 / 3
tioned so that the results of the Raytech Transformator HVTap 20000
Turn Ratio measurement have a maximum and minimum
Tapping1    86,60 (5)
LV / 3 400 / 3
allowable ratio. A tolerance of 0.5% is characterized by
HVTap 19500
the following calculation: Tapping1    88,43 (6)
0.5%  0.005 LV / 3 400 / 3
1  0.005  1.005 (Max) (2)
Tapping1 
HVTap

19000
 88,27 (7)
1 - 0.005  0.995 (Min) LV / 3 400 / 3
Tolerance_ Tapping1 _ max  Eq.3  tolerance_ max  90.93 1.005  91.38
(8)
Tolerance_ Tapping1 _ min  Eq.3  tolerance_ min  90.93  0.995  90.48
(9)
Tolerance _ Tapping2 _ max  Eq.4  tolerance_ max  88.76  1.005  89.20
(10)
Tolerance_ Tapping2 _ min  Eq.4  tolerance_ min  88.76  0.995  88.32
(11)

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Tolerance_ Tapping3 _ max  Eq.5  tolerance_ max  86.60 1.005  87.03 using a Raytech Transformator Turn Ratio measuring in-
(12) strument with a voltage of 40VAC. Based on the com-
Tolerance_ Tapping3 _ min  Eq.5  tolerance_ min  86.60  0.995  86.17 parisons of coils that have been done, it can be con-
(13) cluded, if the test results use the Raytech Transformer
Tolerance_ Tapping4 _ max  Eq.6  tolerance_ max  88.43 1.005  84.85 Turn Ratio measuring instrument, if it crosses the ± 0.5%
(14) limit, it can be seen that the measurement results of one
Tolerance_ Tapping4 _ min  Eq.6  tolerance_ min  88.43  0.995  84.01 of the coils have changed the ratio. The results of testing
(15) with the Raytech Transformator Turn Ratio measuring
Tolerance_ Tapping5 _ max  Eq.7  tolerance_ max  88.27 1.005  82.68 instrument that have been carried out are then compared
(16) with the manual formula calculation. If the Raytech
Tolerance_ Tapping5 _ min  Eq.7  tolerance_ min  88.27  0.995  81.86 Transformer Turn Ratio is not routinely checked on the
(17) transformer, it will result in an unbalance of voltage on
one of the coils. And one of the coils in phase will expand
Based on the results of the data that has been col- and cause a loss of voltage (error) or cause damage to the
lected between the results of manual calculations and load (other equipment) due to the unbalanced voltage. If
measurements using the Raytech Transformer Turn Ratio the protective device used is in good condition, the pro-
measuring instrument, it can be seen that the tolerance tection device will strip the CB.
shown in Eq. 8 – Eq. 17. So that from the several steps
that have been taken, starting from measurements using ACKNOWLEDGMENT
the Raytech Transformator Turn Ratio measuring instru- The first special thanks to Universitas Mercu
ment, followed by manual mathematical calculations un- Buana which has supported in domestic collaborative
til a tolerance value is obtained, finally it can be analyzed research and the second to Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan
in this research as follows: Indonesia, for his assistance and cooperation during this
1. In winding measurement, the transformer ratio must research. Hopefully there will always be papers with in
be between the minimum and maximum values which future research.
have been set at 0.5% of the voltage ratio which refers
to the IEEE C57.125.1991 standard. If the above REFERENCES
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