,uhy ppepeDe)

Duycuo D NTkoppinaed ToN To

ON i Ts D T T
OF me, Toe T-ToN -t (-D)TA
clhopping fr cam
Buek Conv rt /Stepdab per
L
SW R

Read

VT V

LPF
HDAumptrms
Capacitamee valu vo us uskeh mautan
C o a autput votnae
Op e a uek eovyenu t
T maim porkapincipka m
Cunt.
Lnductr dbesn+ Olbos Suddhnchamge
S n suoitel i ONtel outt sroes emem
r magnore ener ama ubchora> tlrou
soth intuna d g 0

hmSw ON.(o4t <DT) ShemW'is ocf (DT<t<T

L V S
4L-

V Vo RE

KVL V-VL-Vo= 0 KVL VL=V =0

V-VL= Vo
KL
Lle+to KCL L e + )

.
 d
across induucty
Vot-sec balam ca 2auLatrm
pmnciple, e Chana
Acc oraunao Volt-se balamee
Am Amdutur du wt m a Cpmpluti yel o 2 o :tme
T
implss hatem charngangoj induettr
n ON i
fr
2apad i n c u e t r m OFF tme
to lolinchaMan
stodble spean
L d i -Vdk=D
d
ana wmdev
vdt-o cwwe vstoa-tma
n ans Cyel ee

V TBN
-v.) DTv. (- ) O

V& D v.( -

D aoaa tham
so, apu vsl a l a s a An inpwt vsltagc
v strp dadn duoppe.
.

Amp -Sc balante 2amadum açeoss Capacrtor

Accerdun o Amp-See balame prineuple h a Onamoe Jm
Capa
Cap at v l
voae ecomplétCyels el is 2erd Tn p l s
tat clharging Capautr ON n 2aMa ts
dnoangn
Capath nof kii fr stasl beratn
olt
d t a n T A dur ewwd)
e e urve can
iTONr oFF O
.TNToer
) TE
7

1
1-

w
 . V.ToN + VL ToPt =o

V DT+ (Va -V.) C-)T=

Va [B+1--v.(1-D)
VA

an D m
auoa
gneatuvlam u e iput
So, oupu v h a io aloaya
VLtge Àene t in step upcofRr.

Amp Sec balam nducr

2anatm across

ohange
Accrdin t Amp-Sec olamee pmnuiple ,io Fo.Tus
Jm mane Complet cyek
Capaetrvotagei
inplt thod elangdne epaeum n o tim to lauad
sNepaetn m 0FF Ame fr Stasle irod
o 'olinohong
d
dv tedt
nderCwnenrt-tama uwa
d t o aAm
n eeme
a completi eyelaao eeD

c o N + lc ToE

-i, -(- i.)(1-D)T =D

DT

i . ( -b) -i. [B +i-] =o

ioi-b)
L ta
- D

[-)a -
(I-a
L

T
 Commutodron 6 SR (Twning, dfFmetuods)
called
T h proces twning 0FF Conducking ngn'stw *h
a

Commutatrvm.

Commutatrm

Forcad Crhmutodtrm
Natunal Cmmutatmn
Cla»A (Load ammdui-
l a s BCuumCmmdstai
clane(Cplamah
Cwt .-

Natwwd Gmmwtatrm/une Commutabrm,

Tw type &t commutatrm takes plac dnam Aupf
UAc,becauae a neatv vdtaog w l appean
accaoss
bltagc i
eUscR nsgatrve kalf c 6f sipp vstage a d ScR
twns oPE tf.
tun E
n e e n o Sp2i a l c i u t a n a reauured to
s e R . TKat io t r2aom this tpe commutakn
0 l A namal or lins com muukrm
extbus pe etaehmiajun i ued n k Keckpior, ACs
Cmtrule 6 step-dbon cyolocmveNGY

-VnSin

f <t <r)
seR Cmduts,
(r<tKAr),i i. becmes eaative SCRtums f imediat
at +>T e . SCR candunets usx
crut-4uwn 4fGme tc =
Clas A Commudabn/L oad Commutaun
In tun tgpe & commutatim, tthe cuwunt trough
&u ScRi edued belno-tii holding, cununet vabue
lsad astmioms u load cirut no
reAonotmr t
doigne_dna 2ln henal t h p rotuge Ao posiur
Om scilltin Cuinev tehdo oHon and e n i a
h i sR raehas 2 e o , dai
Cw wt thrst
n s oFE.
T o donr b ineudiue am Anduuctumea amd
eopaetrin simes oii the Load ama keepiuna e
cirut d u r damnprd
maun i r u t indudas VA,SCR, R
Cunimuaim' cinult inddesL,c
r wnderdampedeemd,our
stn

. R<
VS lood

.SCR Comdudh f r one hal

Cc damprd oscillation SCRtwy s &fF

ondluebm t m s seR to twnf i(

..

d
Od nt-&, A,a dnaturudfreay.
da y
 ars D commuralm/Votage Cammuratrm
4
TwtApe Stcammuttm teenian ip Preenred An strpe
don c ppe.Tretr t- ào kmaem rstog aomnmutatr
nopp.

Ve
TA
to ad
VA ZFD
Ln
Assumptms-v tto)= V»
Apad igdnductive So Lo Costat
) Manthsthd io alread i ON stat
TM S ON, TA o 0FF, Le oscillatrr iormed
reugc a
Capaetr curut iLIey Sint, Icp-V», TL
v6tag ve= V Coasdut
|Leod
air ot=7, i, rieto reverse
L
but diods oloen netalloð LcTeNkMa
a oot R , diode tums o f
Ve ) = -Vs

Mode
c i r t iv leas it in.
Tuo mode dd mines h e eVs
O t m 6f scR.
Ve -Va
V
Am thn meds, pdat 4
Capaeutr vataae o a r o bianes Ta. So T is m tmoard
ocking mode
Mode 3
As an Th in fired,T oi tunn f
b t a t applca
Sem
smmutadt4
tuyn'stir
Here, Conduetrna Here, N
capaetr vátrage -V
puae& lanqeevese vataoe rNeme
and r P TM becmeA
OPpeas accross TM
oned and tuned oFF
TM
A ttw commuddrm,
Proce, uru+tum & T Lod
m e = CVs VA
Lo

Mode 4
Capaetr dhonges frm -VAts +VA and Shanwer
Coupa r ties to Neross rdtaae V, frewseun
diode iotrwand blased amd Jad cunent freheals
ran FD
M 4 bocaliy dettyanes
OF me,CheppiPu Vs T
Da

Hode'Mode oda3 od

-l6

2
Vo

wowtr d- votng commutid ehoppi

D