“THE IMPORTANCE OF PANTAWID-PAMILYA-PILIPINO-PROGRAM

TO THE LIVES OF INDIGENT PEOPLE OF BRGY. SAN ISIDRO

IN RODRIGUEZ, RIZAL”

A Research Proposal Presented

to Mr. Cesar Morla

In Partial Fulfillment
of
Purposive Communication

Submitted by:
Cabagsang, Kyla
Dadivas, Jomella Marou
Daradal, Armarose
Fadrillan, Julie Anne
Vergara, Jocelyn

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 Table of Contents

l. Introduction
a. Problem and its Background ----------------------------------------------------------- 3
b. Background of the Study ----------------------------------------------------------- 3
c. Setting of the Study ----------------------------------------------------------- 4
d. Statement of the Problem ----------------------------------------------------------- 4
e. Significance of the Study ----------------------------------------------------------- 4
f. Scope and Limitation ----------------------------------------------------------- 4

ll. Review of Related Literature

a. Literature --------------------------------------------------------- 5-7

lll. Methodology
a. Research Design ------------------------------------------------------- 8
The Respondents ------------------------------------------------------- 8
Research Locale ------------------------------------------------------- 8
Research Instruments ------------------------------------------------------ 8
b. Data Gathering Procedure ------------------------------------------------------- 9

Bibliography --------------------------------------------------------- 10

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 Chapter 1
Introduction

This chapter presents the problem and its background, problem of the study, setting of
the study, statement of the problem, significance of the study, and scope and limitation.

Problem and its Background

Poverty has always been present even in the past governments. It is one of the biggest
and most evident problems in the Philippines considering that we are a developing country.
According to the dictionary, poverty is defined as the state or condition of having little or no
money, goods, or means of support. Poverty and inequality in the Philippines remains a challenge
and a main target of the government but the country still seems to be struggling to maintain a
healthy growth in addressing this social problem. According to the latest survey by the Social
Weather Stations (SWS), an estimated 12.1 million families in the Philippines consider themselves
poor. This number represents 55% of the responders in self-rated poverty survey. Meanwhile,
43% or an estimated 9.3 million families consider themselves food-poor.
The World Bank had estimated the Philippines' poverty incidence in its latest report,
declining to 19.8 percent in 2020 and 18.7 percent in 2021. Therefore, in order to eradicate the
Philippines’ extreme poverty and hunger, the government implemented a program that aims to
reduce poverty by providing qualified families conditional cash grants.

Background of the Study

According to the official gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, The Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a human development measure of the national government
that provides conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor, to improve the health, nutrition,
and the education of children aged 0-18. It is patterned after the conditional cash transfer (CCT)
schemes in Latin American and African countries, which have lifted millions of people around the
world from poverty. It began as a pilot Program of the Department of Social Welfare (DSWD) in
2007 and it was launched as a full-scale cash transfer program in 2008. It was renamed by
Santiago and Samantha A. Vizconde on July 16, 2008. It is the flagship poverty alleviation program
of the administration of former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, that aims to break the
intergenerational poverty cycle; social assistance that provides cash assistance to address the
short term financial need of the poorest among poor families and selected to a proxy-means test
such as ownership of assets, types of housing, education of household head, livelihood of the
family to indicate the family economic category, and the additional qualifications is a household

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that has children 0-14 years old and/or have pregnant women during the assessment and shall
agree on all conditions set by the government to enter the program and the beneficiaries receive
d such as 6,000 a year or 500 per month per household, for health and nutrition expenses, and
3,000 for one school year or 10 months or 300 per month per child for educational expenses.

Setting of the Study

This study took place at Barangay San Isidro municipality of Rodriquez in the province of
Rizal. Barangay San Isidro’s population as determined by the 2020 Census was 159,612. This
represented 35.95% of the total population of Rodriguez.

Statement of the Problem

1.Does the 4Ps program good enough for their beneficiaries?
2. How 4Ps changed the lives of its beneficiaries?
3. Does 4Ps program reduced the indigent people in Barangay San Isidro?

Significance of the Study

This study aims to provide crucial information and knowledge regarding the chosen topic
from the respondents, recent studies or thesis, and related sites needed for the expected
importance to the individuals as follow:

The Government. This study will help them to know the status of their program in the lives of its
beneficiaries. They will know here on how this program helps their community. And what are the
things they need to improve in case there is.

The Parents: This study will help them realize how (4Ps) helps them financially and helps their
children to support their school needs.

The Researchers. The outcome of the study is beneficial to the nether present researchers or the
future researchers. This study may be one of the basis that a new theory in learning will arise.

Scope and Limitation

This study aims to investigate the advantages and the disadvantages of Pantawid-
Pamilya-Pilipino-Program particularly in Barangay San Isidro in Rodriguez in Rizal Province. The
primary subjects of this study are the Pantawid-Pamilya-Pilipino-Program members and its
beneficiaries.
The researcher made use of Survey Questionnaires in a Likert scale to gather respondents’
valid and reliable data or information.

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 Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature

This chapter discusses the importance of Pantawid-Pamilya-Pilipino-Program to the less

fortunate and indigent people in the Philippines as well as the related literature and studies.

Motoky (2015). 4Ps is a community-centered program. It is critically important because it

engages communities and promotes participation in decision-making. It ensures the real interests
of communities while empowering them to be the drivers of the program. Communities are not
passive recipients of government services, but active participants with a strong sense of
ownership. This level of engagement has a positive impact on the outcomes of the program. Poor
communities, including marginalized and indigenous groups, are actively involved in key stages
of the Pantawid Pamilyang implementation. For example, they are engaged in the validation of
the eligible beneficiaries. School principals, health workers, barangay captains and other
community members help beneficiaries comply with the conditions to receive the cash transfers
from the program. Program beneficiaries themselves are organized as parent groups and each
group has a “parent leader”. There are about 125,000 parent leaders, mostly mothers, across the
country, who have been trained and educated not only in performing their functions as
community leaders but also in raising awareness on citizens’ rights.

The Pantawid-Pamilya-Pilipino-Program (4Ps) is more than a welfare program (Santiago

2010). It targets societal injustices and encourages the poor's human capital development,
breaking the poverty cycle. Parents must complete parental training, have their children undergo
health checks, and ensure school attendance as part of the grant terms. The program ensures
that children aged 0 to 14 have adequate health, nutrition, and educational resources.

Fizein and Schady (2009), conditional cash transfers are effective tools for addressing current and
future poverty. It was noted that having a program like the 4 P's "Pantawid-Pamilya-Pilipino-
Program" assists disadvantaged families with their basic needs, such as financial support. The
government's 4 P's program is aimed at poor families in the Philippines who are concerned about
the country's educational and health conditions. The reason for this is that this program targets
one of the core causes of poverty, which is a lack of education, health, and other aspects of
human development that disadvantage a poor person. (Mendoza 2015) Despite the fact that the
funding for (4Ps) is projected to increase, some individuals appear impatient with the results,
which most people assume will be rapid, such as a reduction in the number of homeless persons.
There are a lot of impoverished and hungry people in this country

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 Mendoza (2013), Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program (4Ps) is widely known to be the
lynchpin of the government’s anti-poverty efforts. One of its key interventions is the provision of
small cash transfers to mothers, as long as they commit to investing in their children, such as by
ensuring their children go to school, as well as get deworming, vaccination and regular health
check-ups to name a few other aspects of the program.
One of the reason why Filipinos should support 4Ps program is that it aims to eradicate the
poverty in the country. 4Ps is not the only program in the anti-poverty strategy of the
government, yet it’s quite possibly the most important component. The reason is that this
program attacks one of the root causes of poverty—weak education, health and other human
development characteristics that disadvantage a poor person. If the government and Filipinos
are serious about poverty reduction, investing in children is where people should really begin.
Otherwise, a never ending stream of people with weak education and health will add to the ranks
of the poor.
4Ps can help ensure that the majority of our young people do not fall through the cracks. For
every 1.8 to 2 million children born every year in the Philippines, at least about one-third (or up
to six hundred thousand) are born to poor families according to some estimates. Because of 4Ps,
children will grow up to be educated, healthy, and productive members of Philippine society,
contributing to the country’s economic competitiveness in the longer term. Therefore, the 4Ps is
not merely a matter of charity for poor children as far as the country is concerned—our long run
economic growth depends in large part on how successfully we equip our future citizens and
workers to compete.
Killing the 4Ps program will bring people back to the previous status: no evaluation; poorly
targeted; riddled with leakages (so that non poor people also benefit, and far less reaches the
poor); and likely to be dominated by patronage politics.

According to Department of Social Welfare Development study in 2008, the Pantawid

Pamiiyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) or Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) enables the benefiaries to
invest in human capital by sending their children to school and bringing them to health centers
for preventive health check ups. The programs also aims to address key health and educational
issues and growing incidence of poverty that continues to affect the extremely poor Filipino
families. The main objective of this program is to break the inter-generational cycle of poverty by
fostering change In behavior among parents to invest in their children’s future, this includes their
health, nutrition and education. This also focuses on building human capital of poorest families
because low schooling and high malnutrition rote are strongly associated with poverty cycle in
the Philippines.
The Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program also promotes human capital among poor families
especially children. This program aims to increase children’s enrollment and attendance in
elementary level and to reduce incidence of child labor in the country. Likewise, it improves the
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preventative health care of pregnant women and encourages parents to invest and participate
in the growth and development of thier children. The Government of the Philippines, through
the leadership of the Department of Social Welfare and Development was challenged to replicate
or adopt the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Program dubbed as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program to address key health and educational issues and growing incidence of poverty that
continues to affect the extremely poor Filipino families.

The 4Ps program started last 2008 under the previous administration and continued in
massive scale in Aquino Administration; This CCT entails several provision which still unfamiliar
to both school administrators and teachers alike. Presently the government spending staggering
amount of money per year,44 billion by 2013 and 62 billion in 2014 to sustain the program; which
eventually added to fiscal national debt. In order to implement the program Philippine
Government has granted the amount of $800 million from World Bank and Asian Development
Bank; therefore we can conclude that the funding of the program came from loan and eventually
paid by tax payers.
One of the targets of the CCT program is to decrease the drop-out rate among the poorest high
school it only mean that teachers must be aware on the program. The first thing we have to
understand is the monetary subsidence of the program; 4Ps recipient is receiving the amount of
300 pesos for educational assistance per qualified household and additional 500 pesos for health
and nutrition per household monthly. Subsequently, 4Ps recipient is required to participate in
community-school related program such as clean drive, brigade eskwela and family day session.
Furthermore, students or pupils under 4Ps program must attend and complete the 85% of
monthly attendance. Conversely, they should have an average grade of 75.4ps recipient must
coordinate and cooperate to any school related activities since there is educational assistance
given to them. In addition 4ps recipient who is no longer in school should be removed from the
program.
Lastly, students or pupils who are 4ps recipient with more than a week absent without prior
notice must not receive their monthly educational assistance. Hence only DSWD can add or
remove any person under the 4ps program. CCT Program is strategically designed to invest in
human capital by providing quality and accessible education for everyone, therefore it is mandate
that we need a clear understanding on the provision entails in the program.4ps is a poverty
reduction strategy that provides grants to extremely poor households to improve their health,
nutrition and education particularly of children aged 0-14.

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 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the research designs, the locale of the study, the respondents of
the study, the instruments used, the data gathering procedure and the statistical treatment of
the study.

Research Design
The researchers used the descriptive survey method. Descriptive method involved
description, analysis and interpretation of condition that currenly exists. It Often involves the
comparison and contrast and attempted to discover the cause and effect relationship that exist
in the study. The researchers percieved that this is an appropriate type of design for the research
for McCombes (2019) stated that descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically
describe a population, situation or phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when and how
questions, but not why questions.

Respondent of the Study

The researchers have chosen the members and beneficiaries of Pantawid-Pamilya-Pilipino-
Program (4p’s) of Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez Rizal as the main and targer respondents of the
said study.

Research Locale
Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez Rizal serves as the research locale of the study. It is the
northernmost town in the province and comes after San Mateo, Rizal, and Quezon City coming
from Metro Manila.

Research Instrument
In order to obtain the needed data and information of the study, the researchers made use of
a survey questionnaire as research instruments and as the data gathering instrument.

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Data Gathering Procedures
The research approach influences the importance of the data that the researchers about
to gather. The steps that the researchers will execute in the setting are:

• First, the researchers will look for the respondents particularly in Barangay San Isidro of
Rodriguez Rizal.
• Second, if there are already respondents, the researchers will provide questionnaires and
handed those to their respondents in printed form.
• Third, after the data gathered, the researchers will sum up all the respondents and tally
the answers according to the question number.
• And lastly, the researchers will interpret, analyze, and present all the data gathered
through making graphs, tables and figures using statistical treatment.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers made use of Survey Questionnaires in a Likert scale to gather valid and
reliable data or information. A Likert-type scale involves a series of statements that respondents
may choose from in order to rate their responses to evaluative questions (Vogt, 1999). The
questionnaire has ten (10) statements and every statement the respondents must rate it based
on their experience,
The statistical tools which were used were the frequency and percentage to describe the rated
answers of 4Ps beneficiaries and the data gathered. The test was utilized to determine how
4Pschanged the lives of its beneficiaries.

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Pamilyang Pilipino Program or 4Ps) in Reducing Poverty in the Philippines: A Case Study in Los
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