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The document discusses several topics related to biology including aerobic respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, ATP formation, homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitters, free radicals, the electron transport chain, immune response, DNA, lipid peroxidation, membrane potential, gene expression, mitophagy, transcription, translation, and the fluid mosaic model.

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41 views

Article

The document discusses several topics related to biology including aerobic respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, ATP formation, homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitters, free radicals, the electron transport chain, immune response, DNA, lipid peroxidation, membrane potential, gene expression, mitophagy, transcription, translation, and the fluid mosaic model.

Uploaded by

body fayez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 He said high energy and oxygen, so he is talking about aerobic respiration

 He talked about oxidative phosphorylation, so we must expect chemiosmosis

 He said ATP molecules so maybe he will ask about how many ATP is formed?
 Homeostasis > feedbacks system, especially negative feedback
 Synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter mean he will ask about syenpthsis

 Free radical that was mentioned in unit one that help in increasing the CVD % and
antioxidants reduces free radicals
 He is talking about O2 when it gets with hydrogen and hydrogen is final acceptor and
forms water with oxygen and the electron passes by the ETC

 He talked about immune response (revise your unit 4)


 Synaptic plasticity: is the change in occur in the syenpthsis rejection between
neurotransmitter allowing them to communicate
 Damaged proteins > 3D structure changes , hydrogen bond broken , active site no
longer fits
 DNA > amino acids and their structure and the shape of DNA
 Lipid peroxidation : is the metabolic process which causes oxidative deterioration of
lipids by reactive oxygen species AKA ROS
 This degenerate the phospholipids within the cell membrane leading to the cell
damage
 Stopping oxidative phosphorylation because the inner and outer membrane of the
mitochondria will be damaged
 He talked about the brain morphology , which mean he is talking about type and
structure of neurons
 He talked about membrane potential which is
1- Depolarization
2- Repolarization
3- Hyper depolarization

 That means different gene expression , in another words DNA splicing , introns
removed and exons are arranged depending on the type of the protein , as some genes
are off and some are on

 Mitophagy: selective degenerative


 He also gave hint about transcription and translation

 Fuse and mix, this looks like fluid mosaic in unit 1 in the cell membrane

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