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TEMM, ABTOPM M TBOPEM

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luwumop Tae6 a Ba308 XpucmO Done8
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pun AMgpeuko
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Mopga Paguko8 pucmno Ope«C

Jlo - •mo m,p8o �...s.-

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KAHPOBM XAPAKTEPMCTKM HA XYOKECTBEHMTE TBOPEM

[PAMATyPI MIHM
Tpaegun Pak.a
Kobuk.mnc mpau bu.a- Maok obe4, e9a 0over.a Au,
06ulo8eno 0Mop0oar .a 2ep0M 0pate 6po 2ep0U

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fepoem ce +a0pa 8u00pea, MO Cpegen 0be, no-pane'opan io»eon,
e be3uxoga curyarut no8ewe zepou
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cmeearn, npeutu3e u03.a 3a40oh, Cahupue Xapa.rep

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Curo0bop+a 0pMMa, DOos obe, Ooemu eeerTU

a.ag.a
(Danna0mu aomnuu, 90a4a0uwe4 or
pun, fa we bun.a

www.bguchebnik.bg
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Kpucmo Pogew 8 Ka0pep. Db2apcku Dopogecku noem, y6uuucm u pe6olouuontep, wuere

Dome m8opecm8o naeo ompua po6em8omno 8u8 ukume y u3Mepet ym6bop.aa
(1848 - 1876) (Bo6ogama kamo Bucua uewwocm. fgucm8eama y u9age4a cmuxot6upka - co8aeon
wo cc Cmepa Cma»boo8, e [leou u cmuxombopetun om Dom008a Ca60Ao8a"
flope 1876 z. op&awuupa wera, c omo ppeMa6a [lya8a om Pyo#tu. flag.a y6um 8 ca
eue c mypuume a 20 a~ (2 lou) 18762.
M8a» Ba08 Poge 8 Conom. Onpeget kamo flampuapx a Do2zapckama umepamypa. Ha~­3a
(1850 - 1921) wama pu2ypa 8urepamypun ku~om npe 80­me u 90-me 2ogut a 19. Bek. Boge On
Bucolo nampuoruu y8cm8a, Bo8eAu4aBa 6ow2apComo wuao, a0­Bee Bo3pagae
mo, upurukyGa uy6uOTO auoaume cu ogeau Ceg0Bo6o»gecko nokoetue
OoHoBonooulk a Bcuku a~­a4uMu ka4po8e B 08ama 6boa2apcka umepamypa. Cpeg
a~-u8ecmumne My m@op6u Ca poMaworn log uzomo, uuloom ogu Enone a 3a6pa~e
ume, no8ecmma Heuu-we9pau, cmuxomn8opeuemo bboapckunm euk"u gp
Aeko Ko- Poge 8 (Buu08. 3a80pu8a npa80 8 Pycus. Bonpeku npecmukomno cu 06pao8aue kuBee
cmamu4o6 6egoo, 3@0mo e e Coe4 ga npa8u kOMDpOMuCu coC cecmrna cu. Cmpacmma My ob
(1863 - 1897) nmeuecm8us zo om8ekga 8 fa0uk, flpaea, Muka2o. We a [leokpamuweckama napmu
u cmpyguk a 8. 3ae" y6um om 3acaga no noepeuka, momy8a~ku ko flaapgkul
A8mop a peguua momenucu, be~emo u a u2ama Ba~ faoo"
flew Poge 8 Tp»6a. Cu a 20eMu# BpOkgeeu flemko Pau08 CAaBek08. Ceg8a 8 Aan­
Ca8e~ko8 uz. BnpueMa Mogepume e6pone0cku ecmemuwecu ugeu. We a kpoza Muco," u
(1866 - 1912) copegakmop ++a egnoueomo cnucaue. Boget 8 mopecm8omno My Ca pustunume
a ecmemuwecu ugu~ugyauoa. A8mop a cmuxoSupure Enuwecku nou", Co 3a
uacmue" u gp. Yupa 8 Mmaun
EAu fleAu Pogen 8 c. 5a0A080, Om 1899 2. kuBee 8 Cou, Ho Ce0mo 0cmna8a 0oo8a mesa 8 paka­
(1877 - 1949) 3ume wy. Bogetume npO6eMu y Eu fleu Ca 6umu~Mu. Cneuupuwet akuemn e nocma­
Be Bopxy kopukma Ceo ­ 2pag"(,o8ek - gbp»ka8a"). Ym8up»ga6a kapa a acue¢­
un oc pa3ka
fled0 880p08 Poge 8 4upna. a6omu kamo meezpapucm go ycma08sGaemo Cu 8 COun 8 a9a.0­
(1878 - 1914) mo a 20. Bek. Cma8a e a kpboa Muco" u cope9amop a eg+ouMeOmO COUCae
ym80pga8a ugeume a ogepHu3Ma u e 00peges kato egut Om pogo+aaruuure a
cu8oua. floeuamna cu co6upa 8 kuzama flogup cekume a o6uume (1910). floe
1914z. ceca0y6uta 8 peymam a ceea 9paMa u nooegbaa Couuaa u30au.
opga Pogen 6c. epa8a, 6uo go Komer. Yacm8a 8 Dakacama u8 Me#gycoo3tuweckama
Mo8ko8 Boa. flo 8pee a flop8ama Bemo8a 800a (19152.) e Boee kopecnogem a Ok
(1880 - 1937) bpom. Mopga o8k08 e egun om a0­go6pume 6A2apcu paka@au - Ma0Gmopu a
pa8a3a, npouOBeH CuXOAO u mobk no3a8a a 9+08euuk20a 9pup09a. B m6op9ecm-
8omo cu papot@ yuBepcatu meau, 8 oumo e yCea AN0608ma My bM w08eka. Y0pa
a 15 0mo6pu 1937 z. oeg mekko 6oegy8awe
luMo Poge 8 Konpu~uuua. Geg 0Mbpmma a 6aua My uomo cee0cm8o e npeecm8a 8
[le6eAM08 flo8gu8, a om 1904 z. 6ogeuum noem #uee 8 Copus. flpe 1910 2 aegn0 c Luwumop
(1887 - 1916) fl0goop3a408 uga8a Do2apcka amooeun. Hauama noeus om Ba308a aca" Ha0­e­
unm Aupuk 8 6zapckama umepamypa, €3ga6a 06pa3uu 8 kapa Ha eezuma. Cwmpyg­
uk e a cn 38eno, Bea yacmhue 8 5akackama B00a. Y6um e npes okmo8pu 1916
z. a ppoma a flpGama Bemo8a Boa. [lope6a e 8 g80pa a upkBama 8 [leup
Kucap. flo­lb0Ho kocmume My Ca npewecenu 8 po9ama KonpuBuuua
Euca8ema Pogena 8 Cobu. 3a80pu6a Ca8Cka uONO2uA 8 COuQCkus yuBepcumem. Sa2pma npo-
Ba2pma npaBa moma a ewume mbopuu 8 6zapckama umepa0ypa, kamo pako ce pa32pa4ua8a
(1893 - 1991) om Bacm&auuume go mou aoaemn nampuapxa Mogel B 06uecm8eus uBomn. He~­
wu cmuxombopenun ca npeBegeu a ag 30 e3uka. Hekokokpamo e npe9a2ant@ y +iaC ga
Doge 6ozapcama wowuwauun 3a Ho6en06a a2paga 3a ume9a0ypa. Yaupa ta npekoHa
6opacm a 23 wapm 19912. 8 C0bu
Kpucmo Pogew 8 Kykyu. lo 8pee Ha Boume cewe0cm8omo wry ce usce8a 8 Cobu u ce ycmao­
Cu pecku 8a8a 8 k8apma.a Ou6yap". Cu0 Bue Bpxy m&ope«cm8omno y oka8a couuaucmu-
(1898 - 1923) wecama peBolouun 8 PyCu. Wet a Kowyucmuwreckamna napmus. Comnpygwuwu a eBu
xyopucmusu ugatu. floe 1922 2. uu3a cmnuxoSupkama y Ala 6toge get ypa om
Ao3a ­ mama 2OKmeka om e208ume
Db[APCKMTE ABTOPM

uMumop Poge 8 flouen, g. Ce~epma Makegoua. [lo kpa Ha kuBoma cu 0cmna8a eouuoaa
Tane8 Dopa cc cog6ama a don po9en kpa. lo noumuecku opuwusu e peoegoat u pen­
(1898 - 1966) peCupa om oyucmuMekama BAaGm, no-OHO e pea6ufupa. Ha0Gecrumne y
m8op6u ca powaume om mempaoeunma 3a cg6ama a 62apume 8 MakegOMu. Kee-
wunm cBemuuk, pecnanckume ka6au, Munge"u /aco8eme Bu y8a
Am.aa¢ Poge B Cy. 3a80pu6a JuOCOpu B Copucun yuBepumem. Cyua ekuuu no uc
[lane8 mopun a ulycm8omno 8 PuM, a n0­k040 8 flapuk 3aopua ypc 3a npeno9aBameNu no
(1904 - 1978) ppecku euk. Aupulama My e onpegeaa kamo uwmenelmya+a, bu0coca, poky€upaa
Bpy elucmetuuaume BonpoCu a 6urnuemno. e e a Aumepamypun pR Cmpe-
eu". Ms8s6a ce u kamo pe80gar
EMuu Pogew 8 pH08O. Egu om Bogeuume 6ozapcku 6eempucmu om cpegama a 20. Bek.
Cmawe8 flue auaucmu pa3k.a, C0a+a u pa8cm8e0-uoCopcka po3a, uCmOpueCku
(1907 - 1979) poau u noecmu. Cpeg a~­3auume My Hu2U Ca /pageuborn a 0pack0Bu, Aux-
pucm, Topo8ckama uapuua"ugo. A8mop e a kuzu 3a geua u lo#OU
HukoAa Poge 8 Sako. floouxokga om cewe~cm8o, 8 koemo 6auuama e akmnuBe geeu Ha 8MPO
Banuapo6 Yu8Mopcomo uatu ywuuuue B8 Bapa. lpe3 ueuR Cu kuom pa60muk, Bo-
(1909 - 1942) puea ugeume Ha oMywuaa. floe3uma My ym8op@gaa puMuufumne +a 01pa8guBoche
~
ma u ucmuwocmma ugeume ca dopa C pea6uufupaemo a pa6omuka ka0o
owouea Auwocm. Cmuxo6upkama y Momoptu necu" u3au3a npe3 1940 • OCoge
3a 00gpu8a ge~wocm cpeuty gopka8ama u pacmpea a 23 lo0 1942 2
opga Pogew 8c Kaua4uua, 6uo go Depko8uua. CBemoBous8ecmen co8peeve m8opeu
Paguko8 TBopecm8omo My ce onpegea kamo Ma&uwecku peauio"- npenurae a peaucmu
(1929 - 2004) omo u umnuomno, bokop0mO U (Bpxpea0mo, AB0p a pa3k.a30, 408eN, pOMa
­ wecmo u8o koGeuuume a mpaguuuona, wo u om8og wwogepocmma 8 co8pee­
~
womo pa6upawe. B uemopa a 8op6ume y cmou co8peweoumn woBek coc cBoume
wpa8cm8ewo-puocopcku mopceua.
Kpucmo oge 8 cma6y, HO kume~cku, eMouuoao u m6opwecku e (Dopa a0­Bee cbypeac
bore8 Ouue C ge6liomama Cu noemuecka ktza e fpuem 8 Colo3a a 6bapcume nucamenu
(1934 - 2002) Heike AupukK, KpuGmn (Dome6 e onpegen om Aumepamypiama kpumuka kamo Ma2 a
Go8omno" u Bmop»ke BAagere a gyMu" Oo0Bu meMu 6 noe3uma My Ca Al0608ma,
wopeoo, pogunearna, weuua0a om ekegeBueno, koumo 20 8gox408a8a0n
Cmauca8 Pogew 8 Copus. C8pewee m8opeu, a8mop a 0poauecku u gpaamypzuu m8op6u,
Cmpamue8 pa3kpu~atut pa3uu acnekmu a co8peeOmhO 6uue, uemo coc CamupuMt a.ku.
(1941 - 2000) mu. Cpeg a0­u8ecmume wy 9paaamypeuu mekcmo8e Ga Puka 6a", Calo om
Beyp', bakadu cu+gpo"u gp
6oput Poge 8 c. Kpaneu, flepuuuko. 3a0pu6a 662apCka uOOu Bo8 Beukorop08cku
Xpucmo8 yuBepcurem. Ceg npowewume npes 1989 2. Ha0ya uyMu yeme 2pagCu kuom
(1945) uce omme2a 8 3anagwume Pogonu, c. Aeues, lbgemo ce om9a8a a muxu m6opecku
3a4uMau. Aupukama wy e acumena c boa3gecm8auuu emap0pu, 6u6e0ca 06pa3ocm,
uocobcka npo6eaamuka u yuBepcau no&au. Houme e Ha pe9uua +a2pa0g0\ 0r-
AutA, kOu Om koumnO 0mka38a nO OpaAu npuuL, A8mop e a ku2u ( ne3UR 09O3a,
kakmo u a oecm8o cue+apuu 3a 02pa, gOkyeTaNU U au'Ma/UOHU UAL
Bukmop Pogew 8 Cobun. 3a80pu8a kocep8am0pun B 6uBuama fepacka gewokpamuoa peny6­
flacko8 uka (Aa~nuu2). Oma6a ga pa6omu ma kamo ga onepen wyukatmn, neBeu, oM-
(1949 - 2009) no3umop u My3ukae pumukK, a Ceg 1980 2. e 3a8p04a 8 Do2apun. A8mop e +a 01p03a
pakau, no8ecmu, poawu, a~­npegcma8umenu om oumo ca baa9a 3a Te0pe XetX",
Iepwaus, wpca npukaka, Aymoncun a ega Al0608" 0 gp. Vupa 8 Sep, LL8eQuapus.
flerm# Pogea 8 bypzac. Yu 8 Au~Kamna zuMa3u B po9Hun Cu 2peg. 3an08a ga uue cmu­
Ly6apo8a ~
om8opeua om paw«a gemcka bopacm, a mop8ume no­peu m8op6u ca omneamat
(1962 ­ 1979) Bu8 Becrwuuume Cenmebpude" u tapogr4a au.age", kakmou 8 cnucaumna Pognea
pe"uMage»k"Caum Gpucmno (ome6 e eu Bo3mope noumame u gyxoBe a­
~
cmauk B GBema a noeunmna. loegpuam 6ca8a kapuepa a Aumepamypnomo no-
npuue. Eg8a fl­2oguuua, flems [y6apo8a caca kpa~ a ku~oma cu a 4 geke8pu 19792
8 pogHun cu gow8 6ypeac.
I1POM3BEEHM

3a2a8ue u aNP ­ ~KEAE3HMRT CBETMAHMK", p0Ma, 19522

A8mop [luump Tae8
Komekcm A8mnopmn co9a8a m160p6ama 8 a0­mekun cu ume~cu nepuog ­ 1944 1946 2
(6pee a penpecuu u Bg8ops6aero y 8 a2ep), o ma e y6uly6aa uuecm 2o­
guu no­loco.. eeum (Bemug"e mop8um poaMa omn mempaoeus, koamnO
klo6a ouue Ipecnacure ka6at, MAusge"a Taco8eme Bu y8a" acm om
enuekama Boa 8 6b2ap&karma urepay'pa om SO-me u 60­me 2oguMu a 2O. Bek.
Oewo8a meMa Pogomo u ygomo 8 kuoma a 6o2@pume 8 Make9Orta 0peg\ OG8obokgeue­
mo, 6op6ama uM 3a topko8a e3a8ucuMon, Apo&Berna u auu0Maro 0CoaBae B
nepuoga 30­me ­ 6O-me zoguru a 9. Bek, Bnemewu 8 ucmopuma a poga fayueGu
Clokem Ouepma8amn ce Ciokemu Autu kakmO G no&Oka a Gee~me uGmOpUu, mhaka L
9pyeu, oopsawu c o6uecm8eume co6umun u npoueC
Kono3uuu KonOuuOa paMa B aa0mo ­ (8am6ama a Cmos Cymnaa, 8 kpa a
Aaop u Hun
0aoeN npo6Ae Cygaemo a 03amu8 6A22pu, ko~mo Ma go e Cao kbM ceMemnGomno
poga, wo ulbM wapog, Bapa u euk
Oco8Hu Mekgy 2pa9a u Ce0mO B a94a0mo a p0Maa, we#gy Koep8amu8omno o6ueC-
kobukmu mo apyuumeune a 0pume, ekgy 0came pOOAl06uBu 6tap L
wykgonokouuume, 2pboukume baapuOmu u 0aCume nOpOSumheNM, ekgy (Bo­
6ogwt gyx a mbopeua u akocmeoaomo wucewe, Meggy AN0608ma u gb2a, Au+O­
mo u o6urecm8ewomo
Klow0Bu 06pa3u/ [loom, ouuama, opi6ama, ywuuuuemo, +@puma, (Bemutuloom
monotu
KAlo0Bu 0mu8u O6uunm g0OM, gyx0Bun Bogar4 u we208ama aucu, uewocmume a po9a u 9p

f epou Cywaa, Com, anap, Kamepua, ABpa Hemyp, tun, uem Delo8, Pae u-
we, ?pou#um waecmuk, boaea, Agpe u 99

a2a8ue u kap ~6AM TAHBO KYPHAAMCT", be~nemo/oepk, 1895 2

A8mop Aeo Koma4mu408
Komekm I8op6ama e co3gagea 8 20guwurTe Ceg O&Bo6o#gewuemo Bpee a ynagok a
, uewocmume om enoxama a Bpakgaemo. Or0a3a~a akmyaomo cocmoaue a
ouecm6omo u o6uecm8eume pa8u. Bnuc8a e 8 umepaypuama mp@guuus (
pumnuocmma cu kt ompuuaetme Gets G kuGora uC 0CmpOmO UM (306­
Au4aGae
0ewo6a meMa Kak ce npa8u #ypr+aucmuka no 6a02a008cu 8 6oapkama ge0cm&umnenocm &veg
0Bo6ogewuero ­ egun om ukpubeure uewocmru wwogeu a pogromo
Clokem
3a6aam, 3a ga uMamn a0-208Ma no3a,
Ba0 [awoo u eoBurne couuetuuu o6cokgam c kakGo g0XO9OOCO 3arue ga Ce
peuua8am ga u3ga8am Bemuk, Komo ga e
yoguecku +4aCpoe lM ypa8486au2ma nap0, a eygo6ure ga 3e90cmna8»
wpeke~emu u umpu2u
KoMnOuuu K0AO3ULLO4a pa.Ma, pa3la03 0a3k.a3
OcHoBe npo6AeM Kopucmwomo, By20po u 0puMumuBO Bu#gate a Ba~ awoo u ezo8ume gpyapu
3a couOCmma a kypauCTueckama npOpeCUS
OcH0Be Mekgy gbe ueowocru cucme, gGe Bu#gawt 3a mo8a kak woBek mpa68a ga ce
opAukm 8nuc8a 8 o6uecm8omo, 8 pogama gecm8umeocm.
KAlo08u 06pa3u Apoearun u 6eckpyrye obuuecmnGew geme (uuama Ok0AO Da~ fawoo) u ume-
u2emu u Bucolowopave we2o8 amunog (uugama om kp2a Becena Db2apun")
KAlo0Bu 0mu8u Ory#geuemo om pogomo u om mpaguuuou 6apc ueomnu; noka34ufT
nge6gonampuomuoM, uum umhepeC 3a 0emka a 06uecm8e
5a0 fawoo, fo90oy. Io+ooy. [ywoo Ag@okamua, [ato R" /egpor
IPOM3BE[IEH

3a2a8ue u kaMp 6AAKAHCKM CMHpPOM", camupuwa owegus, 19872

A8mop Cmaca8 Cmpamue8
Komekcm Akmyaa u 3o6ogwe8a m8op6a, komo ompas6a po6eume a Bpeemo, 8 oe­
mo e co3gagera map. nepecmpoaka, uu BpeemO, npegu ga pyxe 0loameNO
momaumapun o6uecm8eo-nouruecku mpo~ coc Bosma uueMe pa 3a2puke
ogm 3a npoeaume a x0pama

0co8Ha meMa Pogwomo u yigoro, pogum aogen a 0buy8awe wpe3 u3lycm8omno, 6bow2apCun
uewomne MOgeA, Ob2apCkuThe pa8u, BauOOmOuetA, kObukm
Clo»kem [le0cm8uemo ce pa38u8a 8 ca0Ma a meamopa, karho akmoopume, ynpa8ama a mea­
mopa, pureufe, GAyaO 0308au Ce ma c8am6apu u ego u8o3ea0 cote(m0BO
Bu3am 8 e0ak8a gua03Lu
Kono3uuu Koegumna e 8g8e ge~cm8us, pa2emapa, pau2pa~am ce pauuu curyauu

0co8e Couuaumne, pa8mBeO-nCLXOAO&ueumhe u ecmemueume pODO~t, OufO

npo6Ae 0ka38am Ooemo Buue Dopxy uboma a boa2apua npe3 80-me 20gut a 20. Bek,
no&mags ge Bonpocom loge e ucmuckomo ukcm8o, nogeeO Om (Sona uumha-
4U
OCH08Hu Megy opuuuaama nourua u geocmoumenure npo~etun a kuBora, Meg¥
obukmu pogwomo u wyigomo (eoponeckomo), Megy gyume u gea0a, eigy npopaw0mo
u Bo38uueworo
Kiowo8u o6pau Cuenama, ocmloaure, poume, kapnabaume ampuoymu
KAlo08u 3a o6uecm8enun 3a0mo u 3a mnekkomno 6pee a cmarmy#Bomno, 3a ykgama 0mn UC­
omu8u mucka npoa, 3a 62apkume a6Cypg
fepou ea cnpo6e, 6aa Bpaa, wok om benu hoop, gupemop, ya4, 6a6a epa, u8ore­
""-c6o too9
6a0

3a2a8ue u kaup e
~ACM", oga. I8Rt
A8mop 6a Ba08
Kowmekcm Ogara e acm om uula Enonen a 3a6pa@eume", cogagen veg Odo6ogewueno,
koaamo 3a2y6armna ha naem 3a Bucokure 06pa3uu a auaOm 3a01048a ga cmhaGa
06e3nokoumea. 18op6ama ce 8nu8a mpaguuuma a 6o2apckama unepamypa C
Buco 2pal@gacku naroc u Bce oue BpOkgeCu gyx
0ao6a mea Mura0mo u naemnma, Borreu 8 geomo a flaucu~ no Bo3kpegs~aero a ue
ama u bakmnume om caBarna Copus a Do2apure B 20guume a Mpak 6e3­
npocBeroom, om ega cmpaa, u 636euaGaemO a Au0ma a flaucu ka0no
emonuceu a ucmopusmna, om gpyea
Konouuun Tpugear 6nopara u mpemama acm 2obopu upuwecunm 2obopure, a Bu8 8mo-
pamna Caaumn zepo~
0co8e 3auemO 3a MuaOmo kamnO Gm kb DbgeuemnO, p0Arna a ucmOpum.a 3a 0pe­
npo6en oga om pog loM +apog poma a 008Omo a po6ygaero a ap0g0IO CaMO-
Co4a4ue

O€HO8Hu Mekgy aoaeCure 3agkeu (kaMO4a} U 0C3a1am0.a a3p090nOAe9a MuuA, A-

kobukru gy cnokoowomo kuBeene u we0gume, Mekgy gpe6a8ocmume a eegwe8uemo u
enpexogume cmoocmu
Klo0Bu 06pa3u KuAuna, palb (Bernuama, naemno nepo, uCaueO, 0Dpam a (Bemo2op-
Cu MO#ta
Kloo8u ygoa, gyro8ama cenoma u 0popewuemo, 6u6e0cu u aumoozuu a0mu8u,
omu8u MomuBorn 3a 6ygurea
Aupuwecku zo8opume, faucu~, uCopuweckume uocmu om 6o2apcama uCnopu
fepou
cBemuu u u
[1POM3BE[IEHM

3a2na8ue u kap ~MCTOPMR", cmuxom8opeue, 1939/1940 2

A8mop Hukona Banuapo6

Komekcm Top6ama e co3gages Bu8 Spee a gpaMamuL COua kukmu umOpu­
wecu oopamu. Ts wocu Dene3ume a enoxama c we~ama mpe~owocm, 3a09a6a 8onpo-
3a cm0mhO AMaAKU 9408el" 8 20A9Mama uGmhOpuA, [lo orouueue a Aumep.a­
cu
ypama mpaguuu m6op6ama uMa o8amnopCu wepmu -u kamo <Bemo2egwu ugeu,
u kamo xygokecm8eu u3pa4u cpegcm8a
0ewo8a mea Muaomo u naaemma o8elomn ucmopumha, 06ukOBeama 408euka 908Ma u
woe0Oume Utt
Kono3uuU# Amume3u0NO ue2page a (mnu0m8ope~eh, (6bcbok a pa3uu 2egL mhOku
o Muta0mnO
O0Ho@eH Heacykeomno pee6pekeue, a oemO Ca nOgAOet CmhuCkume n80puu a
npo6A cm0puma, earepuAN CITO{Moe0rOMUe DUKaL
0co8u Mekgy ocmapeume npegcma~u
3a 8ema u wage#gama 3a o8 cBamn; we#gy 6auuume c
kowpukmu msoomno 3ak0me9O MuCAee u0Berne c Bosma uM 3a pOMa, ekgy npe9cm.a-
Bumenumne grnpauuu a ucmopunmna u 6euaeun mux zepouo a 06ukOBeume
x0pa

KAl008u 06pa3u Memopuma (epaaagume moo8e), AMaAkumh 0Bek"

KAO0Bu XuAgue 6e3uMet epm8u, eOueeQ epe2u(mhpupau Om um0pun.a, Mbu
Mwomu8u menum ku8om u mekkama 6urmka 3a x6a, wygama om np0Cm pa3la 3a X086p0
agaume B 6op6ama 3a Cnpabegu8ocmn
fepou Aupueckurn o8opume, KO~mnO u3pa3a koemuBama 2ega mOka a 06ulOGe
ume eu38ecmu xopa om a6puku u kaueapUL

3a2Aa8ue u kap ~HOE8 KOBET ,paemape poMa, 19882

A8mop Mopga Paguko8

Komekcm ~Hoe~ koBue" ce non8s6a 8 couuolymypun omekcm a egu Be no­kocyMamopCu
opuemupa c8am, 8 ko~mo 8plume egy w08eka pupogama u3mos8an u 9+08e-
km oras ropcu 0opu 8 orumna a pekuBwomou 8 naemma 3a e2o

0eo8a mea Muaomo u naemma mokomo oBeuuko couecm6Gae, u30be0 oC (pa9au

ucaora.
Kono3uuu CoernaGae a pa2Menu 4a pu4tuna a M0Ta0.a, KO.a.a, KO4Mn
OLLOM.a pa1M.a

0co8e Kak ga 6bgam co6patu _mpoxume a ku60ma meu omnearmougu a naemma, u

po6AeM wpe max ga ce npomu8ocmou a 0Mbpmma 3a6pa8ama
OCH0Bu Mekgy pauume popMu a Muepua u Beuecmn8ewocmmna a kuBoma", ekgy
obukru meomou Beuomo; npomuBonocma8am ce ugeu ogetu a no8egeue

KAl00Bu 06pa3u oouwecum ygaBruk, Hoe8um o8we2, Obuukapwemn0, e6ecum npuuoeu, 0pumne
wepu Bpawu, bkpuncomo xawe, AnomoAa Bacu e8ku, Gapomno kywe, egpumn cu8
Bk, xe6apkure, ubopem coc coyneomno puo, eg+ookara NCua U gp

KAl0Bu Soegyauuunmn cam, momy6awemo u okeaa Ha uBoma, Breanamna 9wo8euuka ec­

ormu8u mokocm, Cegumne, ocmnaBeu 8 @ea om a0BerrAama Au0gm B auuOaam.a L
ucmopun, roaume mploo&e 8 o8eukama gyuaunpocmpacm8ama a eco.a-
8aw0rO U .M
Paka38aom u La 2aepu Om 06pa3 ­ ge~cm8ume, pama(mu, umnOAO2u-
u, 6u6eck«u, npukau
I1IPOM3BEIEHMR

3a2AaBue u kaNp ~SOPSA", emnuxomopewue, 18712

A8mop Xpucmo Some8

Komekcm KuBorom u mBop@cm8omno a Some8 ce Bnu(Barn u3uy 8 komekcma a au0­
a0o&Bo6ogumeume 6opou npe I9. Bek. Iloeuna My e 6ecnope 6pox 8 ugeO­
Ho, ygo»kecm8eo u e3u08o 0moueue, ame0 a92pagar4a Cbue0mn8Gata-
ma gormoea8a ureparypta mpagout
0co8a meta O6uuecmbomo u Bacmma, po6omo crpagaue nog wamucka a BekoBama mup@
wu, egucm8e u30g om oemo e 60op6ama
Kon0uuu Acmpobua, O c omkpo»Gau Ce mpu CMUICOBu aCm
OcoBeH npo6eM BekoBwume bku u 3a6ygu, c oumo mupaume gopkam 8 noguwesue npuMupeu
op0g nomona 6 co wopm8euuku"; npeo6bopnamume uewocmu, Abu8urme gyro8­
u 80gau
OCHOBHu Me#kgy mupaume u nap0ga, Megy 4apcm6omo a pa0para u eu6ekua mom o
obnukmu 6op6ama
KAlowoBu 06pau [nyneuom, 6oeamunmn, gu~alorn ywumen u 8ecmukaput, uueepun non, Co0Mot,
xoMormon, po6como npocmpacm8o, cmagorno Bou 8 0Bu KOku
Koo8u Momu8u B mpBama acm ­ womuom 3a opreuuku co a po6a Bu8 8mopama acm -
omu8om 3a ygocmnna 3a Bek08ama mnupause B mpemama acmn omnu6omn 3a
eyOUR XO9 a 6Op6ama

----
fepou Aupueckuam zepo~ c 6ygr+a 2pa#gaca co8ecm, ko0mo u06ua8a pauwume
npegcma~umenu a 06uuecm8eu gyro8run ku~om c per.poepagoo Mucee

3a2a8ue u kaup ~AH[PEUIKO", pa3ka3, 1903 2

A8mop EAu fleAu

Komekcm Eu fleAM Co39a8a a3­peume cu u 8pku m8op6u 8 nepuoga om a+a0mo go
30-me 2ogtu a 20. Bek, kamo Bnuc8a Boemo moopwecm8o 8 a+02o006pauemno Ma
unepamypama u om mou nepuog. Pakaom e ny6uy8a 3a mop8u mom 8 cn
floocBema co 3a2aBue Gyka", a no­loco e Bkloe B 6op+uka Pa3kau (19042.)
Oco8a meMa Mo8ekm/ o6uecm8omo u 8acmma, 6pamckama conpuwacmocm aeigy ceume,
oOgAoke a enOCLt ark Ha gbpkaGama pe3 eume De3gytU CAykumhe-

Clokem MAagum kapyap Agpeuuko Bou 8 kapyua0a Cu Coguuoume om 2pa9a, KOO­

mno ormiu8a ga u3see B n0A3a Ha gbpkBarna kumomO a cboCeua y Chao, 3a ga
oMoawe wa begun u co6pam, Agpeuko 0caBa kapyuama C gbpkaBu Cyume
8 6am0mo kpa~ ora
Kono3uuu Aue~a, 6e uuu omkowewun, ge~cm&uemo ce npug8uk8a pe3 guano2a
0ewo8e npo6Ae Heuocmuama gop»ka8a c eumne eno&uu 3a (eaume gabu, Degan.a, KO­
mno anauu8a egu om a0-Deg+ume coceu a Agpeuuko; kal ga ce nooae B
mnau cunyautun,
OCH08Hu Mekgy gbpka8ama u gawokonamuume, we#gy 2paga u ceomo, elgy 6egyuu
opukmu uOBuk u 6eOMOuU (eCu mhpykeUk
Kl0408u 06pa3u Kama, Bo4um koly, kapyuama, omm, 6amorO

KAlo0Bu omu8u Couuau 6egwocmma, pageeuemo 8 o6uecm80mo, 0a8au.a.a ga4a me­

kecm a gop#a8ama nCuxOO&uecku 6pamckama cougapwocm 8 06uata be9a
oegyuuemo u yam8omo 3a npebo3xogcm8o a 0Bacmeume
fepou Agpeuuo, cogum-uroume
[1PO3BE[IEHM

3a2naBue u kap LIPKA3KA 34 CTA6ATA", camupue paka3, npum9a, 1923 2

•.
A8mop Kpucmo CupeHCku
Kornekcm Cwupwecu coga6a Boume m8op6u 0co8o npe 20-me zogunu a 20. Bek Spee
a paonocou umepamypu ekcnepuemu 8 kap0Bo, cm­e3uk0Bo u mnea
muo omoueue. flpukaka 3a cmoa6ama e nokaarea 3a mau megeuts. To8a
e nocegwomo npou8egeue a noema ­ doe06pa+o wo9po 3a8euaue lb Bok0
cegGau0 nOkoeue
0co8a meMa 4o8ekm u3lyteu0ha a Gamma, nOgamu6ocmma a 0Bela a CO6a3 U
uOCmumne My mpaCopa nO Cara Ba0mn0aha Depa pXu
Clokem Mgeaucmuo acmpoe ag o8ek 6opeu 3a Cnpa6egu8om u 3auk a
oenpa~gaume, ce e ycmpeau lb Bopxa, 3a ga akale 20cnOgapume a (Berna B
0ogokuemo a cmo6ama cioa cgenka c boa, o~mo 0xpas6a BucueCOL­
me, B peyMam Ha koemno MoMblbmn 3a2y68a/ np09gaBa cemuGama cu u cmata acm or
6ooupawume. Om ~re6e~ no po#geue" mo~ ce npepoua 6 npuu no po#gee
Kono3uuu CuMempuno uepager+a Koo3uuota 0xeMa, komo ce 0pug8uk8a 4pe3 guaoRa -
no8mapauau Ce penuku, oumO apkupam kamnO OXOgu CumTyau, aka u npOee
wume gen@Au 8 max
0co8eN flogamu8ama a cgeku woBeuuka co8ecm, 3ay6amna a y8cm8urmeocmu c0cob­
npo6Ae ocm 3a peaa npeueka a kume~ckume pakmu 8egcm8ue a 3kauGaen0 n0
B4a0mo8ama cm6uua
OCH08Hu Mekgy oekmu8aama kaya u a.oa lo Bacmoa, weigy cnpabeguBun as8 a e­
opukmu But 6e3Ou6omnO 6e3pa3uue a nOkGapet#, ekgy Mage»kkLR UgeaALM .a
6egonla u npa2Mamu3Ma a 30g080eu c 6a2a, we#gy COuoaumne uuu u epap­
xuumhe Bpx08e
KAl0W0Bu 06pa3u Co6ama, om#yom (ceruBarna) monure.
KAlo0Bu [lo6porno 3omo, ugeaume u co8ecmma, ulyueuma Bacmma, oogwewewure
omuBu ueocmu, u6opm u eaa U go
fepou Mowoloom, [a6oom

a2aBue u kawp ~AO MOETO TIPBO AMEE, uno8ego cmuxom8opewue, 1871

,
A8mop Xpucmo Some8
Komekcm Co3gagewo 8 ewuepauus, 8 komekcma a au0a+00Bo6ogumeHume 60p6u, KOL
mo a8u3am 8 Bosma peuumnenaa a3a, ny6ulyGao e 3a 0op8u nm 88 8. IlyMa a
62apCure ewuepamu; no­loco cma8a acm om cmuxocupkama ecu cmu­
xom8opeun om Som~08a u Cma60608a (1875 2)
OaoBHa meMa Ku~oromn u 0Mbpmma, ompuaemnO a AupueCku 2epO~ Orn AuOmhO tahue G
uwero a auuotaama kay3, u60p0m egy AN0608ma lo Au6emO U Al0608ma
apo9a
Ko4nOuuL [le@em cmpodu c no uecm cmuxa 88 80ka
0ewoBew bop6ama amo om ko (Bo6ogama, 6ocolor we#gy po6kus cBan u 2epo0mo
0po6Ae 6umoue; acmnomo a Alo6uMama 8 ueOCmtR Sn a 60pea 3a (80600a
OCHOBHu Bouuew ekgy nopoumeMme u nOpODeU apO Bompeue ekg ore#a O
kobukmu Al0608, 0no9eeOGmh AuO (aKmhue keauemO ga Ce CAyku a nO­OMuGea L
Bala kay3a
Kl00Bu 06pa3u flecema, 6ypara, lo608ma, 0Mspmma, 60p6ama
Klo0Bu MomuBorn 3a cBo60gama, omu6mn a necema, po6cure me2ua, Beagaemno eC
Mwomu8u 0Mbpmma
fepou upueckunm 2o8opume, u6emo
I1POM3BE[EHM

3a2a8ue u kaNp ~HOBOTO POEMLLlE HA[] CAMBHMLUA", ehe2u, 1885 2

A8mop MBaN Ba308
Komekcm Macm om cmuxobupkama Cu8wuua, anuCata no n080g a Cpo6co­Ob2apckama
Bo~a, Bogea om Szapus 8 gauuma a Coeguweuemo u cneweea om 62apCk
me Bocku. fga om oeomo m8op6u a Ba08, u32pagauut ym6op»gaBau.u 08u
06pa a 6apckama gopka~a ceg 0c8Bo6oikgeuemo

0ao8a meMa uBorom u 0bpmnmna, naemma 3a6pa8ama, 0Og&uzmn u npuame0cm.a

Konouuun Cege cmpobu, Baka om oumo 3a8opuac no­kpamok cmux

0eH06eN 3a6pa8ama nocmeeO nOkpu8a 2p00Beme a 3a2uMaure 3 0mew«em8orno iOaL
npo6he u Mopae go a noera e ga noggopka Beno ku6a naernmna 3a fox.
OcHo8Hu Mekgy Bos~uuuewama auuoaa kaya, 30pagu om0 Ca a.uaNu Do2apkume Bo~-
kobAukmu Huuu, u Aun&aha a nOgO6aBauza nOumn k4 go&mo~umne Cu408e a DA2apu

Kloo8Bu o6pau floor, mpooama, 2po6om, boa2apun, Ma0kume, noemom, Beeuom om neou
KAM0Bu be3kopucmama aoepm8a, Alo60Ba bo aka Do2apus, 6eueuumn nogtu2,
omu8u Mucuon.a .a n0eh.a 3a u02pa0gate Ma a4meOM 3a 2ep0ue

f epou auume, kt koumo no0MbpTO Ce 06pbua nOerTom

3a2AaGue u kap ~KPAIELT HA nPACKOB", no8ecm, 1948

A8mop EMuu Cmawe8
Komekcm Makap we e anucaa 8 mop8ume 2oguu Ceg Bmnopama Bemo8a Bo~a, no8ecmm.a
ce non8s6a kamo peymam om cnoweume a a8mopa 3a pogomo Top+08o, 3a u3nu­
mauma a e2oBume co2pakgau no pee a flop6ama Bemo8a Bo~a
Oawobwa meMa He@3aw0kama +0608 Bo8 Bpewe a papyxa, uBorom u owopmma
Clokem fl@e napaeu ioert Aug ­Ha 06mOmeGm1Gara Ok0AO Bo~aha U a Al0608­
ma wegy EucaBema u 6o
Euca8ema, copy.eama a nokoBua u owewgawm a 2pa9a 808 60eU yCO8uR,
8ogu ckywe u omneuufee ku~om, gokamo we nonaga a pageu +a 0paCk08u 8
0Bou.ama uM 2pa@gua ­cop6una Boeoner#uk Go O6pee0Bu. Alo60o8ma,
~
naaa elgy g@aaama, 0pores Bompeuurun cBsmn go maka8a cmenes, re aeg
y6u~cm8omo a Go omn opgunwapeua, oxpas8auu 2pa9uama, Euca8ema e ++aupa
womu~ ga 0pogka8a ga kuBee no cmapun au, 0a2a kpa a kuBomna Cu
Kono3u Paka 6 pa3kaa g6aMa om no8ecm8o8amneure ca egwobpeweo u pea38a4u, u
ywacmuuu 8 ucmopurn.a
OaHoBeN Pageumenume usu, koumo 8oama Ona8a egy opaha u a KoumO ANO6O­
npo6e 8ma cma8a epm6a npo6eworn a npuougwocmma u pea+ocmma.
0co8u Boeuamn kopur, 4a 0mn0 oCe pa38u6am ceMe~um egy Luca8emha L
obukmu n0Ako8uka, ue0Cum ekgy 6pat gb2 u n00uGa a CbpuemO, COu0a0­
n&uxooaueckunon ekgy kocep8amu8ume a2AaCu 6 06uecmn8omno u 6yma
8Alo6eama ea
KAl08u 06pa3u/ [loMom/'kou6ama, 2pagunama/ npaco8ume, 2pagm.
mnonoCu
Kl00Bu fperoom, co6ygeama ecm8ewocm, u6optorn a copuemo, Bo~ama u papyuueuma,
Mwomu8u naemma ­ o8euka u au00aa, 0Mbpma L pa3umhe ALU
Euca8ema, neuloom 6o O6peme0Bu, OAkOBulom, op9u+ape\om, Mapo0A.a,
ywumeam, Magun paka36a
------
I1POM3BE[IEHM

3a2a8ue u kap nP Pc AAcrwe, oga.

A8mop M8a Ba308
Komekcm Top6ama e acm om noemuekun uulo ~B oomo a PuAaCmuxomn8ope(ha
a Ba308 3a npupogama ca upa a we208ama 2oaa No6o8 kb boa2apun, eveer
0m 6tAapCun auae OOMOC, OQmO mo~ u32pa0ga C uOmO Cu mnGopem8O
0eo8a mnea lpekowewue npeg beuuemo a 6ozapckama npupoga
Kono3uuu Oe cmpobu c no uuecm cmuxa 808 8oka cmpopa, auue a peppe Ce2a co
ygoMa, co~mo 3an06a Boka cmpopa bop8ama u nocegwama cmpoda 0dopa
Cu0A08a paka ­ om AaQua.a Al0A 90 2006a
0co8e lyxomn, nogo#e a uumatun G couuarun c8am, 8 <Berna a npupogama ce ely8a
npo6Ae u 0608a6a, Cu8a ce c 6oecm8eomno, we2ousmn ucmucku go e 8 o6amunmna a
Pua, a a0karma pupo9a
0Ho8u Mekgy cyemama a cBema u xapworunma 8 npupogama, elgy Obuecm8eume 6um­
kobukmu uunpupogu Mup
KAl0W08u 06pa3u lpupogama kamo go (u B ku8oma, u Ceg e2o) c pauume cu eeeru ­ ckau,
bopxo8e, gop8era, peku, we6e, nmuuu
KAlo08u flpupogama kamo aka, npupogama kamo goM u 2po6, npupogama kamo eume u
Momu8u 3goo+o8Bure, Dpupogama kamo 0cm koM boa
fepou upuweckusmn zoopurer, koro ce o6pouua bow 0gyro0rbopeama pupoga

a2aBue u kawp ~I PA[VuiA, Aupo-enuecka noea, 190O

•
A8mop fle~0 80p08
Komekcm 18op6ama e omn nap8us m&opueku nepuog a noema, koeamo couuaama mneaamu­
a npucocm6a no­oceaewo B we20Barna upuka. B uge~wo omwouuesue cmou 6Au3o go
u.a 2pyna cmnuxm&ope Om mnou nepuOg 8 koumnO mekkum kuBom a (eAu
mpyleuk u e2o8omo oues8ae ca 8 npaka 8po3ka c bouuu pakmopu, 8 koHkper
Hu 0ya0 3a8u0mn om np0Beu#mn.a a pup09a0a.

0aw0Ba mea loupogama 8 Bosma cmuxu~wocm kamo unumaue a wo8eka, mpaeuama caaroma
a 908eka, pa3roan ekgy ekege6Gama 3ea 6Gurka 3a 0ue8Bae u e6e0HO
6a2oBoeue a npupogumne u So»kume (uu,
Clo»kem loeama ua eeweru a do»kemo uepagate, koemo npoCegr6a mpy9obos uu­
on ­Bnpakmuecu na, u cbonpekuBa8aero a co6umhu9ha ­B eouuoave rat
Kono3uuu Llecm pawema, Bceku om koumo polycupa omgeen omekcm a Bau0om0­
ueunna el@gy 9408eka u npp09ama G koOuuuOama Ocmh a mn80Op6an.a
Momubom 3a npupogama cmuxun npucocm8a u 8 a4a.00o, u Bk.pa
OCH0Be Tpazuwom 8kuBoma a wo8eka, 6esnowouuet npeg cmuxuutne a npupogama 06e-
npo6Ae cMucAaemO a e20Bun mpyg no2uaemnO a ageguhe

00Ho8u Mekgy CeCkuA mpykeUk u eOCmuama n9up09a, Megy nob8aemhO a

obumu gekgama u 0Ma8aemo a Boka wagega.
KlooBu o6pau Hu~ume, op+Omo, bMuemO, 06Aakm, 2pa9yuuama, om8apkama - Ono+a xaa
Kloo8u Huuuokocmma a o8eks npeg 2oaama cmnuxus, Besomno go8 6umuemo a ce
omu8u Ckun mpykeuk; cmpagauemo yceugaero3a u30cm.aBe0cm a 9408el3

fepou upuweckunm 2oBopume u ceckustn woBek,

I1POM3BE[IEHM

3a2aBue u kaNp ~CM E3EPOTO", upuecka uuamlopa, 1906 2

A8mop flewo Ca8e~ko8

Komekcm 4acm om (6opuka Co 3a uuacmue HkOu om pueCkume uaml0pu Ca n-
ukyGau 8 cn. Muco" ouue npe3 1892 2. To8a e mop8ama 3aua cmuxoC6upka a
noema, c HO8amopCku no asp u noermuwecku uk.a3 m8op6u. Ga8eko8 e egu om
mop&ume 6vapcku noemu, oumno m8opam 8 ma3u +08a 3a 6papckama Aupuka
kapo8a opMa ­ Aupue(karma uuaml0pa
0ewo8Ha meMa loupogama kamo o6ekm Ha coepuawue; BuguMama u webuguama coup+ocm a 6u-
uemo, Bauoge0cm8uemo wegy 06paa (6ykume) u we2obomo ompakeue (go
6uume a eepomo).
Kono3uuu Cu eepomo" ce ccmou om g8e wemupucruuuruan. Auna npuwuroo-Cegcm@ea
co6umu~worn, owepmaace kapmun+a a co&moue, a yCeae 3a my Ce2a
OcHoBe np06AeM He@wok+ocmmna 3a np0u/Bae nog Obbopxwocmma a BuguMoro, weapytu-
Momnna a noon u xapt9ha B n\pup0gama
Oc0Bu Ha obukm, ma anpekeue, umO npomuBOnOGmhaGe, egum&e0 0num
kobumu 3a gokocBawe wpe3 wuy8kama a nagau0 ucmO Bop8y 2agkama nobopxocm a
eepomo, no koamo caMo 3a oemn npeaGa pbnk.a a Bee", 0 0rm08O
Bcuuko 3acmnu8a 8 noko
KAlo0Bu 06pa3u Eepomo u 6eocm&oume 6yku.
loo8u MomuBu Coonm u nokoamn, xapMoumna 8 npupo9aha, e6boa0+omo goo&Bae u CuBae
fepou To8a e m8op6a 6e upueku 2epo0u, uMa Cao kapmuna - o6elm a co3epuaue om
upueckun zo8opure

a2aBue u kaMp ~A3 MCKAM [LA TE IOMH BCE TAKA", ee2us, 19132
A8mop [uwo [le6eA8No8
Kowmecm flop8arna ny6ukauu a m8op6ama e 8 cn Ca" coc a2aBue Ee2us flocSemea
ea Mapua Bacue8a ­ Boero, B oamo noerom e bu Booe. Ha 0ego@tuama
20gtna m8op6ama e omneamaa 8 cn. Aygo#ecmBena ymypa kamo wacm om
uuloba Ee&utu­ Bee 6e3 mop8oawaomo 3a2aBue u 6es nocBeuuewuemo

Oewo8a meMa He8owolwomo uacmue 8 Al0608ma

Kono3uu Cuxom8opeuemo ce cocmou om mpu ampopu, cogopkauu no oce cmuxa (ok-
ma8u). Io8mopewuemo a mop8us cmnux 8 kpan -B kawecm8omo y a peppe, ak-
uerupa 8pry a0mu8a 3a e4au COMe, 3a006ap8 kOMnOuuuOama paAka U
Byua6a noauemO 3a 06pee0Cm

Pagama 8 lo6oBma e eu6ea 8 au2a a pagaama o6uma npugouta cakpa

e 0peOA, t36u09a ce ag npeXO9Omo u empaOmO, OMbopmma e ma3u, kOaO
uue no6egu, Alo6o8ma awoke ga 6toge anae4a Cao 8 cnoea
0Ho8Hu Me»kgy koneka no gnogeeocm u 0co3a&aemo a eama eBe30kOGmh, Ack.
obumu gy cnoea u peaocmma, aekgy 8apamna u we~epuemo

Kl008u 06pa3u fpagom, Houma, npuenume u mexume peku, pbouehe a &Alo6eume, Aukm a
ge6Go~kama, c8egent 4a 2opgume +a NO6ut
KAlo8u Momu8u Pagnama, cmoagauemo 8 Al06o8ma, eu6ekama Caoma, 6ecuuemo npeg cog-
6ama, y6ekuuuemo a cnoea
fepou upueckuam 2o8opumne u e208an1a Al06u4a, a308aa Mop+a
[IPOM3BE[IEHM

3a2a8ue u kaNp _KOAKO CM XyYEABA!", muom8opewue, 19672

A8mop Xpucmo ome8

Kowmekcm Oue mop8ume cruxo6upku a Xpucmo Qome8 Begam meaama 3a l0608ma, t
mepnpemupaa no-pa3uo 0pu2uHa 8 cpaBee ¢ npeguecmnGetuume y
Cmuxom8opeuemo oho u xy6a~al e egu om o6pauume a 6o2apckama Al0608­
a upuka. flop8ama y ny6ukatun e 8 cmuxocbuplama Camuera nocBeuue
wu. Cmuxom8opes" (1967)
0wo8a meMa lo6o8ma, Bo3Baa a eckama kpaCora ope ugeauupate Ha 06pa3a +a No6uMama

Kono3uuu Me0206po~u no8m0pet#, kOnOUL0a paMka, 0popea wpe3 pepea KOAkO

cu xy6a8a
Kpacomama, kamno Bucue nporBerue Ha 6okecm8eoro, mpa68a ga 6toge Cboxpawe+a
po6e 8a~­wucmus cu 8ug, maka e ga npogoka8a ga 6uge 8goo+oBeue u yno8aue 8 c8e-
ma. Alo6o8ma mpno8a ga 6oge 0naea 6 gpaamuume cumy@uuu 4a u30umaue,
ga 6oge 3auumea om kume~ckure npegu8ukame+cm8a, a ga Moe caaama ma ga
cna0s8a omn Beanume nponagaus" no morn
0co8u Mekgy keaurero ga ce 3ana3u N0608ma 3a8u4a u oeka n0 8060ga, Megy
opukmu eworno u 6okecm8eomo 8 l060Bma, wekgy menecomo u gyro8omno, wegy Bu­
guMoro/ocesaeomo u eyAo8uomo, co3epu3me0rho
Kloo8u 06pa Oume, ocume, woeme, pouere, oumno u32pagan ukotMU 06pa3 a NO6uMama
Kl00Bu M3no3Gauamna e (ou0cm a keama, eO6XO9uMOCmma om 0gyxOm6opeOmhO ke
oru Bu ko npucuecm&ue kamO Opemu8 a ba
fepou Aupueckusm 2oBopumen 06okecm8Gaaama om

3a2a8ue u kap _IOCBELIEHME", cmuxom@opewue, 1979 2

ea2o

----
kea

A8mop fems [ly6apo8a

Komekcm Cmuxormoopewuemo uMa Kon#kpere ooog (6goxoBumen), o 8 no­06u na mO Om-
pas6a (Bemoyceu.aero a aagama 1Poguuua noemeca.. 1Bop6ama e ny6uly8aa 8
cn. PogHa pe" npe 19792. - nocega 8 e~Hun kpamk ku6omn
0eo8a mesa Foaama Alo6o8 no onpegeetemo a caMama a8mn0pk
Kono3uuua Acmpouwet mekcm nog popwama a o6pouuewue, 0wuco8unpomubonocmaBatun,
kamo wouma (6 aaomo) u gem (6 kpan), oumo pakupan 9y9Okecm8et
mnekcm
OcH0Be flpe0gos8awe a Cpaxa om 08omo, om enoamomo u om9aBae/ no&Beu.a8awe a
po6e AN0608ma. CegBae a enpeOgOuMu Opu8 koM omkpuGamnecm8O a 08Bu, eu3­
ceg8au npOcmhpa(mnGa, a emama 3a gy08e oAem
0a0Gu Mekgy ey8epeocmmna u eocmmha, ekgy 0Max0mnO rue u 0cB60geama 0mh
owpukmu apaxooe geooaka, we#gy yCelaemno 3a 2p#x u coauemo 3a egucmBeo npabuo
peueue, egy mo4ama u (Berrama cmpaa a ku8on.a
KAlo0Gu 06pau /ywama, +Ou/a, MOpeO, CAbueTO, gen
KAM0w0Bu [lyxo8ama Bo6oga, cnogeeu mom ­ 0 8 Al0608ma, u 8 zoeaun cBmn, ko~mo
Momu8u npegu8u~a c eo6amwocmma cu

"""."""ma aooo u a6paom cwuemo 0

IPOM3BE[IEHM

3a2a8ue u kap CnACOBA MOT AA", paka3, 1905 2

A8mop Eu feAUH
Komekcm Pakaom e ny6uly6a a mop8u om 8 on. Xygo»kuk". 3a pauka om gpyu nOBuAu
ce no mo8a Bpee m8op6u om M8a Ba308, fle++0 CaBe0k08 u 80p08, Eu f
le0-
o8urn pa3k.a3 Cogopka onmuMuCmua uepnperhau a meMama 3a Ba0am.a L
wage#gama
OeHoBa meMa Bspama u age#gama kamo egucm8en cnacumee norm 3a 908eka
Clokem Soun Mola, Ko~mo 3aegi0 0oC (Bon g8go axapu mopc uuieeue 0um.a
u3goxGa u +aMupa nok00 8 o6amuma a oama nouaa a0ka
petuy Cnaco8ges,
KoMnOuUu no8au ca OnOuuOu OXGamu, XapaknepM 3a UCL pal.a3 a Eu fleAU
onucaue a zepoume, npupoga kaprura, gua02, gpaaamnua Cyka, pegagea B
xpowoo2ua nOGegO8ameOm
OHoBe npo6e 4o8elm, 6enoouue npeg 6onecmure a maomo u 9ya, mop€u cnacenue egu-
cm8eo 8 502a.
0awoBu Melgy co8aocmma na momno u ekomama a gya, welgy eaama wok~ u we6ec-
obukmu womo yreteue
KAlo08u 06pa3u/ Mwozuama, 0apalucon, pocmo
nonocu
Klow0Bu Momu8u Mocma8eusmn ca a (e6e cu a Bo»#kumna um 08Bek, OMbpmmha kamO Chace
ue omn 3eumhe k, ecnpaBeguBomo cmpagaue a a~-eGuthe 3em.a
- geuama, u a0­6enoOuume ­cmapume X0pa
epou Lago daxapuu Mokama

a2AaBue u kanip MOAMTBA, cmnuxom8opeue, 1927 2

A8mop Amaac [lae8

CouuokyAmy pe Amaac [lase8 e npegcma8umen a Ce0Boe»UR MO9epUM. upukama &e on
u Aumepamype pegen 8a-20A8Ma cmhene kamhO uACObcka umeekTya. flpouBegeuemo
komekcmn Moura e ny6uky6Gao 3a hop8u mom 88 8. Cmpeeu" u e acm om 8mopama
, cmuxoc6upka a noema ­ Cmuxom8ope4us
0ewo8a mea Bpama u age9a0a, pexOgOcmmha a 0Beukun uom u konelomn no noo-
ueomno y u3ku69Gae
KonOuuu Cmuxom8opeuemo e cocou om werupu cmpobu c no wemupu cmuxa 8aka, 06-
pbuueterno kt So2a 000Be konOuuue no8am; noama B no&e90mnO
g@ycmusue.
OHoBe npo6eM Mo8ekom c 2oguHume e 3a6pau ouwoBeume pagocmu a kuBora, a6uA e e­
kornamna a uBeene, npocmomama a ucmume npekB9Gatun u mo8a o kapa ga ce
wy6cm8a eygoer6ope
0ao8u Mekgy gocezauus ku6om keaOmhO pa3uO kBeere; ekgy ekucmeLaa
kobumu ma co»kocm a 6umuemo u pocmomama 8 eke@e~uerno, ekgy umeekmTyaNO­
mo npekuBs~awe a (8ema u no gemcku wucmomo Bemo8opumure
KlooBu opau flpoolom, gememo, cekukume, 06ukoBeure x0pa
KAlo0Bu A0mu8u Mkycmn60mo ga kuBeeu ecmecm8eno fpoamno; enoCuaha meecm a ume
ekryaomo caaoruecm8o, cnoco6ocmnmna ga ce pag8au a aakumne euAa G
ku6omna c en0gpaBeam.a um.a pa90gm a geremno, 0my#geemO om XOpam.a
u one#om no Bo38pbu4a a 6Au30ma
fepou Aupuecunm A3 caMO/Uk, Muu0 20guHU Ca L3Ma mgaea~are om ec-
mecm@erun u Bek nomok a ku8oma.
I1POM3BE[IEHM

a2a8ue u kaHp _BRPA", @muxom@opewue, 1940 2

A8mop Hukona Banuapo6

Couuokymypew Cmuxom&opewuemo ce paga 8 komekcma a Bmopama Bemo8ea Do~au e 0Ho-
u Aumepatype Bonoaatu mekcm 8 cmuxoc6up#ama Momopu necu
(940 2.). Ma4a p02pare
omekcm apakmep, 0pegcma84s6a cBoeo6para upua gelapauu, komo on08ecm6a #ku-
me@komno u noerueckomo Bepyio a Banuapo8. B kornekcmna a Aumepaypaha
om 40-me 2ogu Banuapo8ama upuka ce omkpor6a cc Boama pa3eo8opea pemo-
puka,cmeMu, yobuunyCana goaamuwomo 8pee, C guao&uocm
0ewo8a meMa Bapama u age9gaa, ym8opkgaBate a uewocmma a kuBoma, a ugera, we u-
Borom e euup no8eue om npoauwen 6urn 8#para kamo 0no0pa 3a 908eka, Bapama
88eromo ympe
Kon 3uu Cmuxom6opeuemo ce cocmou om gecem cmpobu coc cronaobugu (aynenu)
cmuxoBe, ua gbygea oaouutus. B mop8ama acm ce papoua noeuka no me­
Mama 3a uewocmmna a kuBora Bmnopara acm u8elga loo8ama mea 3a Ba.pa-

OcHoBe npo6eM BowoMoro nocezamecm8o Bopxy Bapara a upueckua A, onumume ga Doge

ya8ea we2o8ama Bapa 0o8 gr#ume wecmuru
OcHOBHu Me#gy ku~oma u owopmma, we#gy Bapara u 6es8epuemo, wekgy No6o8ma u 0par
obAumu 3ama, ekg'y peaocmnmna u ernama, ekgy acmoauuemo 6ogeuemo
KAl0W0Bu 06pa3u Ku6omomn kamn enpukOGO8ea ueOCmh, e6emhO L MartuuUhe, fueueO
6poupaama 30pa60 8 zpgume 8apa.
op40,
KlooBu omuBu O6uma lo uboma bonpeku we2oBomo me»kko 6peawe, 2omo8oamma ga ce no­
eaam pucko8e 8 uMemo a ku80irmna, Bapama 8 youcmumacku u 8 el3ucmeuuae
OMuC onmuucmnuamha Buu 3a 6bgeuemO
fepou Aupuwecum A3 ­ kuelo6u8, c enokamua Bapa

3a2a8ue u kaNp ~BETPEHATA MEAHMLA", pa3ka, 19022

A8mop EAuN TleAu

Komekcm To8a e ego om pawume npoubegerun a Eu leu, gage+o no BpeMemo, Ko­

zamo nucamemn Bce oue kuBee B pogHomo Cu e Da008o. flop8ama ny6Akau.u
a m@op6ama e 8 cn. Aemonugu
OcHo8Ha men~ Tpygom Bgomo8eue, omo npo8okupa woBeuukama uoopemamenocm, ueocm
u yweuemo ga ce npebpoua genulmn 8 npauk
Clokem Aaap [lo6aka u ggo Kopan g8aa Bogeuapu 8 ccegacm8o, ce 3ax8auuamn ga
cmpom Barmospeta eua ka0 caceue Om 20A9aha (Na. Ego 06Aae a XOpu
30a co6upa ceOmO Ok0AO cmpOeka, a8 cnomnaO 3an0a0m0 a9u2paBae a
powewuua Aanap u cnewen8a 6yAka ­ Bywkama a ggo opea - Xpucmua
KoMnouuua Pempocnekmu8to a+a0, egma lo»kera uun, pa8uBauua ce pa8oueG+0, Boge-
a po a guano2a, om8ope4 puMa
OcoBew npo6new flpegu8ukamecm8ama a pupogama (cyuama) 8 #u8oma Ha CeCku 0Bek, ue-
ama eepau, c konmno mo~ ce npomubonocma8s a 6egume.
OcHoB Mekgy woBeka u pupogama, mpeooeama u +age#gar1a, wegy yepueomo ceau.-
obnukmu ko copue"u yweeugama ga ce omnycka, Bece u o6ua ceca gyua
Kloo8u obpau Cyuama, a2oxaume Bogeuu, Bempeama weoua, 06awemo, opomo.
KAlO0Bu 0mu8u PoAauume amTypu u meXume epeaNU3Upa g0kpa na0Be, Barre.ptu.a-
Bure atau Ha ygume 2AaBu, mope(kno aa0y u08eka, u3kygm6om0 a
mawua, No6oume npegu8ukamnecm8a woBeuulama ycmou8ocm 6 unumauma
fepou Aasap [lo6aka, 9go op+ans, puCmua, ceHume
 IPOM3BEIEHM

3a2a8ue u kaHp ~AIBE [Yu", cmuxom8opewue, 19072

A8mop fle~0 80p08
CouuokyAmype Cmuxom6opeuemo e omnearnano op8oaa08cn. Muco", a npes 1910z. mel­
umepamypen cmom e BkleH 8 noemuwecku uulo po3pemus" a 80p0Barna amoo&us lo-
omekcm 9up ekume a o6auume". To8a e m8op6a, npegoabumea 3a cuboucmuoama
oemuka e ca0 a 8op08, 0 a 3a0a940e8pone0ckama A0gepuCmua 0Ou
npe 19. Bek
OcHoBa meMa epapeuuwume npomubopetu u pa9boewuemo 8 gyure8tun Barn a caa0mama
Au4Oh
KoMnO3UUU epagenwo e om mpu wemupucruuwu cmpobu; peppewom A +e uBe. a3 2op»", ¢
Mau poet 8 kpa, 0bop kOnO3Oa paMka a cmuxOmnGopeere
0co8eH Aupuweckunm A a noko, uMo8a om 6oeeo gyuebro pa3g6oeue
po6e
OOH0Bu Melgy gyuama a aen u gyuuama a gewow, Me#gy Beruama (0awok, 2Opee)
obukmu wpaka (nenen us more 6ekpa0)
KAlo0Bu 06pau A2e geMO; aMbk, kak, neneA, Barhop
KAlo8u uBorom cmpagasue, caaomama, g6o0cm&eama woBeuuka npupoga, unenesae­
wormuBu mo a o8eukus gyx B opcee a (e6eno#age
fepou Aupueckusmn A - caomnew u c mpacu+o pagboe gy.
a

3a2naBue u kap _hOTOMKA", cmuxom@opeHue, 1925 2

A8mop EuaGema Sa2pHa

Komekcm flop8ama ny6ukauus a I
lomoka e 8 cn. 3amopo" floe 1927 mn8op6ama e
Bklorea 8 geiomama cmuxoc6upka a ba2pma Beama u cBmnama. Aumepa
yprunm komekcm, 8 omno ce nos8s6a m8opwecm8omo a bacpma npe 20me
20guMu Ha 20. Bek, A omkpo»Ga kamo oBarnopcu noemuwe 2ac ­ 0puuaes, eA,
gap0Bum. A meMama 3a npeomkpuBawemo a pogomo ce Bnuc8a 8 kornekcma a
, Aumepatypama u Om bop8omo gegGoeO geemuAre
0aw08a mea Pogo&ama naer, Boo3kama a AuOGmnmna C a.kama 3e keaha ( p0guah
Kono3uuu Cmuxom8opeuemo ge cocmou om uecm emupucmuuau cmpobu; neuubua ko
no3uuuOa 0CO6eOGmh e guaoueckamna acoweocmn a 00A0a 180p6arr e
pa3gee4a yCA0BO mpU CM0CA0Bu acmhu
OaoBeH Aupuwecama zepouon e uea om 8uguau (egu 3a Bpoka c npeguufe, NO go60­
po6ne ko8eama po8a u ewouuoaa naem oku8s8am 06pau u yet.arun 3a m1au
cg608a cBpa0cm
0aw0Bu C6nkGam e orpuuawuero u ym8op»kgeuemo; g@e ompacmu ueooCu guc
kodumu mneau, g6e pauu 2egHu mOku a upuMeCkama 2epOu u a kpep8amu8
06uecm8ea cpega, a ugu8ugya0mo u koekmnuB0mo co3age, Kobuk Ack
y 3aCuaAu 8 (Bo#na cmamuwocm 6urn u unoeomo c npegu8ukameAm8a
woBeuuko 6urue
KAl008u 06pa3u flpa6a6a mo4ooka, wy#gecpawe Berno xa, Koe, Bamop, pa~gy4a8kume pa6u­
wu, mom, 4Makara 3es,
KAlo0Bu bymom u eoogwuweuerno a pogo8un kaOH, 0amama 2pex0Bocmn, 4Bo6ogHu­
omuBu nm u36op a eama, cmpeelm ko emu6o no3aue a gem8ume0gmrn.a
po0Mafua.a Al0608
Aupuweckama zepour - 9po3la, (0060golo6u8au 8 cou0mo 8pee Bapa go4ep
a Makara e
I1IPOM3BE[IEHA / MEKIIVTEKCTOBA BP3KM

3a2a8ue u kap ~AME(TEH KPCT", Aupo-enuecka noeMa, 1982 2

A8mop Sopuc Xpucmo8
Couuolymypew 'Hecme kpocme Bm0para upuwecka uza a Dopuc Apucmo8, 0cmnaBea om 18
u Aumepatype cmuxomBopeus u puaa noea.a, oceuua €bu0mnO 3a2aBue. B komekca a Aume
komekcm parypama om 80-me 2oguwu bopuc Kpucmo8 ce no88s8a u 9pucocm8a nplo, coc (Bo~
0puzuHae mn8ope(u nOepk. B couuokyypun kKOmekGIT a CHUA COLLaOM
m8opwecm8omo My e npoBokauua lo Be oue Bacm&auuun ecmemuwecu kao
0ewo6a meMa M6opom a m6opeua gar e Doge acm om ulycm8o, oemo we omeoapa a e20Bus
ueocme (Bemoaeg u a ecmerueckure 4y Kpumepuu; mekcmom uaa aaube
mew xapa#rep
Kon03uu# floeama ce cocmou om ge@em acmu c pauwe 6po~ gtycmuuusu cmpobu; ono­
uuu0O e 0mnkpo8a peppewm locu e Bak, a Bore paMee keet / kamnO
omlocama polka wag nponacmu u 6egu
Oco8e lycm6omo u ureparypara Ca uy6uNu cnoCO6ocmma cu ga 6ogam 0pave
po6AeM opekmu8 a 06uecm6omo, cmaau ca 0ogBacmu +a Doug6opwomo yemnee"
ogemo ca ce acmatu Dpegamencm8omo, opopMu3wot, y20guwecBomo, a8­
moue3ypara, nouogmnmn.a.
0co8Mu Megy mbopeua u couuaaa ge0cm8umeocm, elgy wecroro Go8o y9oonto-
obumu mo 2oBopee; ekgy o6peeweu omn nopouu (Bamn u npocmo ycmpoewomo u 6uko
go npupogama wo8eulo 6urnue, we#gy yemama a 0aBama u aeocmma ga OCuu
wecru cu pcm; onouuuma ku~om -0pm" kamo mpa~HO puatu,a 8
mBopecmn8omo a noemna
KAl0408u 06pa3u pocmom, Balorn, aoBomo/ ukycm8omo, noemom, #uBorom, ovwoprma, 6u6e0ca
06paw0cm - Agaa, DOga, fluam, Beeuom om mpons, uy6ewunm pa, gop8omno 2
ku8oma u 9
KlooBu EBazecu 0mu8u ­­ xogeemO no Bume, OeemhO a kpbcmha, a mbeHL
womuBu Beweu; noa8aemno c Bae6cm8ua c noceg8auto npegamecm8o; womuborn 3a Bob­
aem0 a3a9 k eguOma g hpOmOmnama, OmuBn 3a Ca0mnam.a a
906po8ou u3auk.
fepoi upuekusmn A3 enpucnoco6u u enpuage.au a (Bmn, o~mo y e ykg we¢-
uocm8o
me npeg cede cu,Peg oere

MEK[IYTEKCTOBM TEMATH BP3KM

Meeumn cBemuuk" ~Sa faweo ypa~Sankacku cgpo"

l
Om � CJTIPil"'1, rrdl.) e ce,,,e(;(. ll8oOon6et< o6p.n ,.. P01JH0f00. n� o6p.n ,.. pognon,o.
m8omno/pogom, omn gyea ­ o6uau nOAo»kumneurn 4al0geA Becena 8 ko0no Ce go0a8 Socoltmn aeg
am goat a e3u.a, bpa0au mn- Db2a.p, u 0puaeurh bakaacku e600neOCu uOC-
puaa 8uku boa2p poor a ba fatoo. me Oge

Bculo, oemo aau8a ueocmina 008a, oemo nOgkona6a ue Mogemne a 0buucmnGe u ymy-

i
u �,.. � >IOCllHJme ycmou ..a 6',,.t.op<:koo,., �>4<lilom, """"""��
mo, Doge u 0bu.wooar. pouku obuuecm8o eg 0Bo6ogewero ueepueO, oOyMa0pCufTe
pa4ap0or, 0Mau, Db2ap 40 U 0039a6a ea00e4 06pa a p0­ a2aCu, DOOM.a 8 ulyBono,
gonolouu mnaku8a, kourno e 0rO 0eb90nap6O/UM, ae­ Auna0a+M.a 390a6 0pa .a 0OU
ce 8nu8arn 8 0bu0coo.a. eoaa, 0re .a leenu.pa. cogee ueMNOOu

�
faucu Hoe8 ko@we?"
outafuec 4Bue 06pa a leego4are4 06pa a 4aOro, Merap0puo0 02page4 06pa a Mu

!
ucmop,NMko .........., � hal<tw:I om 2oeaure aono, pe9mnaBew an0 Cbupae
ko@mo Do9pane6a nap0Ou uOOpUeku oburnu, mn.aka u om a pore Ma kuBona,yak.a0on
HU....,e,rn,ga.l<aokmOu..a""""°°"' �..a.-..,<dek"8uc• .g,,o,,:mo..ana, ,n11T1,J",.,>!<l.&en,,...arr,.
et ppMeceu npe3 Doeero no­
i
---
ma a apo9tu bygone goo- mnopuma, 0Oro Me au/pa AM-
Be Bogar. monocmpatuuume~. Bog 3a p00Opt pa40CM
 MEKIIVTEKCTOBM TEMATMHH BPB3KM

aucu~
Bokpee6a naaermnaa gave rook8a ce npomuBonocmaBae flaaemma e Hoe6"koBe,
ko0mno mpa-
mo uao ­ Bpeemo a ea­ mno naem 6enaermocm: Ba ga noepe u ga npeece npe 8pee
ucua0no Db2a.po Lap0Bo, Moomnoaurrne nuCatu3an mo aBeute pk6a6au .a
"° �-
. u � ... � � l!Oo'.eM"""' 0>6umut1.
kMOTIO c� e f!!HO """"" u loo<Mu.
ero (8ropaa OM0Bua a Nun8a narem 3a eu3Becmure we0lo, mnala, kakrno w0Belon Co6upa
!

Lt8. Belk) en0a0a, 90pupa.a Opa C moo­an.a .p0Kha 0Beu.a cebe cu 3e0 u 6oiler8e0
flaucu0. goaaa

6op6a Agpeuko" ~lpukaka a cr.a6amna

I�
npu,,,upe,,o, or,,,e,ne,,o (�11,,.c, � 6 � 06ulKfflflo,.. � u 6o,amo,, 4pe,
Po6<:I<,.,
8 3a6ygu, ye0e0 cot Mope mono 0Oma eO-2pagDegoon cuboo­aeopuurne 06pa04 .a
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Alo woemo np8 Aue ~Ho8omno 2po6uue ~Kpageum a npackogu

wag Cu8wuua
KuBomom e ooue 8 g6a 0.. Ku6oromn e 068pa A0mu8a 3a uBorromn e o68pa w0mu6a 3a
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wuemo ocouem@sae e 8 6op­ ure npOgbkGarn ga Sewn. pu kuBomn 0gy40m60pe u By-
6amna. &au
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