DESIGNER: PROJECT: Page No.

Made by Date Checked by Date STRUCTURE: CLEAR Job No.

WATER TANK
Design for:
REF CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
GENERAL
The calculations herein cover The Analysis & Design of a Reinforced
Concrete underground reservoir (1000m3).

LOCATION
….........................

STRUCTURE LAYOUT
Structure is rectangular in plan with three baffle walls.
The walls designed as cantilever walls reisiting internal water
pressure, lateral earth pressure and surcharge load.
No restraint between wall and roof slab (Sliding joint is provided).
Contraction joint to be provided in both floor and walls.

REFERENCES
1. BS 8110‐1: 1997 Structural use of concrete ‐ Code of practice for
design and construction
2. BS8007: 1987 Design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous
liquids - Code of practice
3. Reinforced Concrete Designers Handbook. 11th ed. Charles
Reynolds
4. Design of concrete tanks. R.D Anchor
5. Design tables to BS8007; Design of concrete structures for
retaining aqueous liquids. Richard Cheng
Abreviations
As req = Area of reinforcement required
As prov = Area of reinforcement provided
b = Breadth of a section
c = Minimum cover to reinforcement
d = Effective depth of section
ε = Concrete strain
fb = Average bond strength between concrete
and steel
fct = Tensile strength of concrete
fy = Characteristic strength of reinforcement
fcu = Characteristic strength of concrete
Gk = Characteristic dead load
hsd = Soil depth below ground level
t= Thickness of section
 T1 =
Temperature due to concrete hydration
T2 = Seasonal temperature variation
Mu = Design ultimate moment
Ms = Design service moment
Pa = Lateral earth pressure
ρ = Ratio of steel to concrete
R = Restraint factor
SLS = Serviceability limit state
V = Design shear force
ULS = Ultimate limit state
Qk = Characteristic imposed load
qu = Surcharge load
z = Lever arm
ϒc = Unit weight of concrete
ϒl = Unit weight of liquid
ɸ= Bar diameter
Ø = Soil angle of friction
α= Coefficient of thermal expansion of
concrete
αmx = Coefficient of moment for span lx
αmy = Coefficient moment for span ly

Design Assumptions
1. Ground level considered to be same as wall height.
2. Structure designed for semi continous partial restraints with
movement joints.
3. Wall end conditions - Top free and Bottom fixed
4. Ground bearing pressure 100 kN/m2
5. Wind and seismic loads not considered

Design parameters
Concrete grade fcu = 35 N/mm2
3
Conrete weight ϒc = 24 kN/m
Steel grade fy = 460 N/mm2
2
Steel grade fyv = 250 N/mm
3
Soil unit weight ϒs = 18 kN/m
3
Water unit weight ϒw = 10 kN/m
2
Young's modulus Es = 200000 N/mm
Soil angle of friction Ø = 30 degrees
Soil friction coeff' µ = 0.5
Modula ratio: αe = = 15
 Load factors
BS 8110 Dead load = 1.4
Table 2.1 Live load = 1.6
Earth and water
= 1.4
pressure

Factors of Safety
Overturning = 1.5
Sliding = 1.2

Exposure conditions
BS 8110 Severe exposure : Concrete surfaces exposed to severe rain, alternate
Table 3.2 wetting and drying
BS 8007 Crack width = 0.2 mm
CL 2.2.3.3
LAYOUT

Structure parameters
Height of wall H = 5.7 m
Height of water Hw = 5.3 m
Length of heal Lh = 1.5 m
Length of toe Lt = 3.5 m
Length of base L = 5.5 m
Thickness of wall Tw = 500 mm
Thickness of base Tb = 500 mm
Cover to reinf' c = 56 mm

WALL DESIGN
Load Case 1: Tank full, water pressure only

Shear force at the root of the wall

SLS 1 2
𝐹𝑠 = ∗ 𝛾𝑤 ∗ 𝐻𝑤
2
Fs = 140.45 kN/m
ULS
1 2
𝐹𝑢 = ∗ 1 4 ∗ 𝛾𝑤 ∗ 𝐻𝑤
2
 2
𝐹𝑢 = ∗ 1.4 ∗ 𝛾𝑤 ∗ 𝐻𝑤
2
Fu = 227.43 kN/m

Moments at the root of the wall

SLS 1 3
𝑀𝑠 = ∗ 𝛾𝑤 ∗ 𝐻𝑤
6
Ms = 248.13 kNm/m

ULS 1 3
𝑀𝑢 = ∗ 1.4 ∗ 𝛾𝑤 ∗ 𝐻𝑤
6
Mu = 432.12 kNm/m

Load Case 2: Tank empty, earth pressure & surcharge loadonly

2
Surchage load qu = 10 kN/m
Lateral earth pressure coefficients

1 − sin ∅ = 0.33
𝐾𝑎 =
1 + sin ∅
1 + sin ∅ = 3
𝐾𝑝 =
1 − sin ∅

Shear force at the root of the wall

SLS 1 2
𝐹𝑠 = ∗ 𝐾𝑎 ∗ 𝛾𝑠 ∗ 𝐻𝑤 + 𝐾𝑎 ∗ 𝑞𝑢 ∗ ℎ
2
Fs = 116.47 kN/m
ULS
1 2
𝐹𝑢 = ∗ 1.4 ∗ 𝐾𝑎 ∗ 𝛾𝑠 ∗ 𝐻𝑤 + 1.6 ∗ 𝐾𝑎 ∗ 𝑞𝑢 ∗ ℎ
2
Fu = 166.86 kN/m

Moments at the root of the wall

SLS 1 3
1
𝑀𝑠 = ∗ 𝐾𝑎 ∗ 𝛾𝑠 ∗ 𝐻𝑤 + ∗ 𝐾𝑎 ∗ 𝑞𝑢 ∗ ℎ2
6 2
Ms = 239.34 kNm/m

ULS 1 3 1
𝑀𝑢 = 6
∗ 1.4 ∗ 𝐾𝑎 ∗ 𝛾𝑠 ∗ 𝐻𝑤 +2 ∗ 1.6 ∗ 𝐾𝑎 ∗ 𝑞𝑢 ∗ ℎ2

Mu = 345.91 kNm/m

Therefore, Load case 1 is critical

Ref. 4 From design tables

TableA2.10 Crack width W = 0.2 mm
& Cover C = 56 mm
Ref. 5 Provide;
Table B26 Wall thickness = 500 mm
Reinforcement = T25 @ 125mm
STABILITY CHECK
Overturning (Load Case 1)
Stabilizing Moments about point A
Vol Weight Moment Stabilizing moments
Element (m3) (kN) arm (m) (kNm)
Wall 2.9 68.4 1.75 119.7
Base 2.8 66 2.75 181.5
Water 20 199.5 3.75 748.125
333.9 1049.325

Overturning moment
Ms = 248.13 kN/m
Factor of safety against overturning
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝐹. 𝑜. 𝑆 =
𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
F.o.S = 4.23
Ok in overturning

Sliding
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑊 ∗ 𝜇
= 166.95 kN
Sliding force due to water pressure
= 140.45 kN
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝐹. 𝑜. 𝑆 =
𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
= 1.19
Provide Shear Key
Passive force required
𝑃𝑓 = 𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 ∗ 𝐹. 𝑜. 𝑆 𝑟𝑒𝑞 − 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
= 1.59 kN
Required key depth

2 ∗ 𝑃𝑓
ℎ𝑘𝑒𝑦 ≥
𝐾𝑝 ∗ 𝛾𝑠

= 0.24 m

Overturning (Load Case 2)

Stabilizing Moments about point D
Moment Stabilizing moments
Element Vol Weight arm
Wall 2.9 68.4 3.75 256.5
Base 2.8 66 2.75 181.5
Soil above heel 20 153.9 4.75 731.03
Surcaharge 15 4.75 71.25
303.3 1240.28
Overturning moment
Ms = 239.34 kN/m
Factor of safety against overturning
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝐹. 𝑜. 𝑆 =
𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
F.o.S = 5.18
Ok in overturning

Sliding
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑊 ∗ 𝜇
= 151.65 kN
Sliding force due to earth pressure & surcharge
= 116.47 kN
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝐹. 𝑜. 𝑆 =
𝑆𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
= 1.30
Ok in sliding

Wall footings

Total weight on the base

N = 333.90 kN

Service Moment Ms = 248.13 kNm

Moment about the center of the base

𝑇𝑤
𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 𝑀𝑠 + 𝑊𝑤 ∗ 0.5𝐿 − (𝐿ℎ + − 𝑊𝑙 ∗ 0.5 𝐿 − 𝐿𝑡
2
= 117.03 kNm

𝑀𝑐 = 0.35
The 𝑁
resultant lies within the middle third of the base

Earth pressure below the base at SLS

𝑁 6𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑑
𝑝𝑒 = ±
𝐿 𝐿2
2
Pmax = 83.92 kN/m
 2
Pmin = 37.50 kN/m

Pmax<100, Therefore, ground bearing adequate

Pressure at root of wall

𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝐿𝑡 + 𝑇𝑤
𝑃𝑏 = 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 +
𝐿
2
Pb = 71.26 kN/m
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝐿𝑡
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 +
𝐿
2
Pc = 67.04 kN/m

Moments at root of wall in the base

Mb = 89.66 kNm
Mc = -132.64 kNm

Design moment at B
Mu,b = 125.53 kNm

Base reinforcement
Thickness Tb = 500 mm
Effecitve depth Φ2
𝑑 = 𝑡 − 𝑐 − Φ1 −
2
d = 418 mm
Cover C = 56 mm

𝑀𝑢
𝐾=
𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑑2

= 0.02
Lever arm factor
𝑘
𝑙𝑎 = 0.5 + 0.25 −
0.9

= 0.98
Therefore use la = 0.95
Lever arm 𝑍 = 𝑑𝑙𝑎
= 397.1 mm

𝑚
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 =
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑍
2
= 789.89 mm

2
Provide T16 @200 As,pro = 1010mm

BS 8007 THERMAL AND SHRINKAGE CRACKING

 Horizontal Reinforcement
APP. A Reinforcement required to control thermal and shrinkage cracking in
immature concrete.
Try T 12 @ 125 mm c/c
2
As = 1610 mm
Crack width w = 0.2 mm
o
α = 0.000012 /C
o
T1 = 15 C
o
T2 = 30 C
o
T1 + T2 = 45 C
R = 0.5
Surface Zone depth
d = 250 mm

Crack spacing

𝑓𝑐𝑡
BS 8007 = 0.67
Table A.1 𝑓𝑏
𝐴𝑠
𝜌=
𝑏𝑑
= 0.00644
𝑓𝑐𝑡 Φ
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑓𝑏 2𝜌

= 624.22 mm

Crack width
𝑤𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑅𝛼 𝑇1 + 𝑇2
= 0.17 mm

Crack width satisfactory

ROOF SLAB
-The slab is simply supported on the walls of the tank
-The slab is analysed in prokon software-see attached.

Dimensions
Long span lx = 6.1
Short span ly = 3.7
Slab thickness t = 250

BS 8007 THERMAL AND SHRINKAGE CRACKING

APP. A Minimum reinforcement required to control thermal and shrinkage
cracking in immature concrete.
Try T 12 @ 150 mm c/c
2
As = 754 mm
 Crack width w = 0.2 mm
α = 0.000012 /oC
o
T1 = 30 C
o
T2 = 10 C
o
T1 + T2 = 40 C
R = 0.5
Surface Zone depth
d = 125 mm

Crack spacing

𝑓𝑐𝑡
BS 8007 = 0.67
Table A.1 𝑓𝑏
𝐴𝑠
𝜌=
𝑏𝑑
= 0.006032
𝑓𝑐𝑡 Φ
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑓𝑏 2𝜌

= 666.45 mm

Crack width
𝑤𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑅𝛼 𝑇1 + 𝑇2
= 0.16 mm

Crack width satisfactory