Cold Formed Steel Single Channel Section Design:Truss Members (Top Chord)

Grade = 300 Mpa

Yield Stress,fy = 300 Mpa 10
Compressive force = 7.144 kN
Length of member,L = 4.5312 m
Depth of web = 90 mm
Width of flange = 45 mm
Length of lips = 10 mm
Thickness of Member,t = 1.2 mm
No. of channel section = 1
Internal Radius,R = 1.5t = 1.80 mm 90
B1 = 84 mm
B2 = 39 mm
h=B2/B1 = 0.46
i) Effective width of Web
Buckling Coefficient,
K1 = 7-1.8h/(0.15+h)-1.43h 3 = 5.50 (= K)

Critical Buckling Stress,

Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 207.62 N/mm2 1.2
where,
K = 5.50
E = 205000 Mpa
μ = 0.3
b=B1 = 84 mm

Effective width, beff

beff/b = 1 when (fc/Pcr) ≤ 0.123
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 when (fc/Pcr) > 0.123
Design compressive strength,fc = fy/ϒs
= 260.87 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 1.26
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.70
beff = 58.81

ii) Effective width of Flanges

Buckling Coefficient,
K2 = K1.h2.(t1/t2)2 = 1.18 or 4 minimum as per BS Code
Hence, K2=K = 4.00
Critical Buckling Stress,
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 700.94 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 0.37
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.99
beff = 38.52

iii) Effective width of Lips

Buckling Coefficient, K = 0.425
b = 7.00 mm
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 2311.78 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 0.11
beff/b = 1 = 1.00
beff = 7.00
iv) Effective Section in mid-line dimension
As the corners are fully effective, they may be included into the effective
width of the flat elements to form the effective section
(b-t/2-t/2) = 88.8 mm for web
(b-t/2-t/2) = 43.8
mm for flange For Gross Area
(b-t/2) = 9.40 mm for lips
(beff+2R+t) = 63.61 mm for web
(beff+2R+t) = 43.32mm for flange For Effective Area
(beff+R+t/2) = 9.40 mm for lips

v) Area of Gross section, A

A = 234.24 mm2

vi) Effective Cross-sectional Area, Aeff

Aeff = 202.86 mm2

vii) Factor defining the effectiveness of the section under consideration,Q

Q = Aeff/A
Q = 0.87

viii) Compressive strength of the member

= Q.A.fy/ϒs
= 52.92 kN 7.144 kN Ok

Design of Column:
Effective Length, Le = 1.0L = 4.5312 m Both ends Hinged
Design Strength, Py = fy/ϒs = 260.87 N/mm 2

Second moment of area of the cross section

Ixx = 209400 mm4
Iyy = 28400 mm4

Short Strut Capacity, Pcs=Aeff*Py = 52.92 kN 7.144 kN Ok

Axial Buckling Resistance

Minimum Radius of gyration, rmin = 13.16 mm
Check for maximum allowable slenderness
Le/rmin = 344.32 180 Ok
Minimum elastic flexural buckling load,
Pe= π2EI/Le2 = 2.80 kN
Perry Coefficient,n = 0.6486
ɸ=Pcs+(1+n)Pe/2 = 28.764223
Buckling Resistance under Axial Load,
Pc = (PePcs)/(ɸ+Ѵɸ2-PePcs) = 2.70 kN 7.144 kN Ok
Cold Formed Steel Section Design (Single Channel Section)

Yield Stress,fy = 300 Mpa 37

Compressive force = 50 kN
Length of member,L = 0.5 m
Depth of web = 90 mm
Width of flange = 37 mm
Length of lips = 7.5 mm
Thickness of Member,t = 0.75 mm
No. of channel section = 1
Internal Radius,R = 1.5t = 1.13 mm 90
B1 = 86.25 mm
B2 = 33.25 mm
h=B2/B1 = 0.39
i) Effective width of Web
Buckling Coefficient,
K1 = 7-1.8h/(0.15+h)-1.43h3 = 5.62 Annex B of BS 5950

Critical Buckling Stress,

Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 78.69 N/mm2
where, 0.75
K = 5.62
E = 205000 Mpa Clause 3.3.3 Of BS 5950-5
μ = 0.3 Clause 3.3.3 Of BS 5950-5
b=B1 = 86.25 mm

Effective width, beff

beff/b = 1 when (fc/Pcr) ≤ 0.123 Clause 4.3 BS 5950-5
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 when (fc/Pcr) > 0.123
Design compressive strength,fc = fy/ϒs
= 260.87 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 3.32
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.43
beff = 37.25

ii) Effective width of Flanges

Buckling Coefficient,
K2 = K1.h2.(t1/t2)2 = 0.84 or 4 minimum as per BS Code
Hence, K2=K = 4.00
Critical Buckling Stress,
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 376.69 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 0.69
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.89
beff = 29.71

iii) Effective width of Lips

Buckling Coefficient, K = 0.425
b = 5.63 mm
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 1398.48 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 0.19
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 1.00
beff = 5.62

iv) Effective Section in mid-line dimension

As the corners are fully effective, they may be included into the effective width of
the flat elements to form the effective section

(b-t/2-t/2) = 89.25 mm for web

(b-t/2-t/2) = 36.25 mm for flange For Gross Area
 (b-t/2) = 7.13 mm for lips
(beff+2R+t) = 40.25 mm for web
(beff+2R+t) = 32.71 mm for flange For Effective Area
(beff+R+t/2) = 7.12 mm for lips

v) Area of Gross section, A

A = 132.00 mm2

vi) Effective Cross-sectional Area, Aeff

Aeff = 89.94 mm2

vii) Factor defining the effectiveness of the section under consideration,Q

Q = Aeff/A
Q = 0.68

viii) Compressive strength of the member

= Q.A.fy/ϒs
= 23.46 kN 50 0

Design of Column:
Effective Length, Le = 1.0L = 0.5 m Both ends Hinged
Design Strength, Py = fy/ϒs = 260.87 N/mm2
Second moment of area of the cross section
Ixx = 165900 mm4
Iyy = 22600 mm4

Short Strut Capacity, Pcs=Aeff*Py = 23.46 kN 50 0

Axial Buckling Resistance

Minimum Radius of gyration, rmin = 13.21 mm
Check for maximum allowable slenderness
Le/rmin = 37.85 180 Ok
Minimum elastic flexural buckling load,
Pe= π2EI/Le2 = 182.72 kN
Perry Coefficient,n = 0.0357
ɸ=Pcs+(1+n)Pe/2 = 106.35148
Buckling Resistance under Axial Load,
Pc = (PePcs)/(ɸ+Ѵɸ2-PePcs) = 22.54 kN 50 0
7.5
Ok 0
Cold Formed Steel Section Design (Single Channel Section):Truss Members

Yield Stress,fy = 495 Mpa

Compressive force = 7.435 kN
Length of member,L = 0.367 m
Depth of web = 90 mm
Width of flange = 37 mm
Length of lips = 7.5 mm
Thickness of Member,t = 0.75 mm
No. of channel section = 1
Internal Radius,R = 1.5t = 1.13 mm 90
B1 = 86.25 mm
B2 = 33.25 mm
h=B2/B1 = 0.39
i) Effective width of Web
Buckling Coefficient,
K1 = 7-1.8h/(0.15+h)-1.43h3 = 5.62 (= K)

Critical Buckling Stress,

Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 78.69 N/mm2
where,
K = 5.62
E = 205000 Mpa
μ = 0.3
b=B1 = 86.25 mm

Effective width, beff

beff/b = 1 when (fc/Pcr) ≤ 0.123
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 when (fc/Pcr) > 0.123
Design compressive strength,fc = fy/ϒs
= 430.43 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 5.47
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.34
beff = 29.33

ii) Effective width of Flanges

Buckling Coefficient,
K2 = K1.h2.(t1/t2)2 = 0.84 or 4 minimum as per BS Code
Hence, K2=K = 4.00
Critical Buckling Stress,
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 376.69 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 1.14
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.73
beff = 24.36

iii) Effective width of Lips

Buckling Coefficient, K = 0.425
 b = 5.63 mm
Pcr = ((kπ E)/12(1-μ ))*(t/b)
2 2 2
= 1398.48 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 0.31
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 1.00
beff = 5.60

iv) Effective Section in mid-line dimension

As the corners are fully effective, they may be included into the effective width of
the flat elements to form the effective section
(b-t/2-t/2) = 89.25 mm for web
(b-t/2-t/2) = 36.25 mm for flange For Gross Area
(b-t/2) = 7.13 mm for lips
(beff+2R+t) = 32.33 mm for web
(beff+2R+t) = 27.36 mm for flange For Effective Area
(beff+R+t/2) = 7.10 mm for lips

v) Area of Gross section, A

A = 132.00 mm2

vi) Effective Cross-sectional Area, Aeff

Aeff = 75.93 mm2

vii) Factor defining the effectiveness of the section under consideration,Q

Q = Aeff/A
Q = 0.58

viii) Compressive strength of the member

= Q.A.fy/ϒs
= 32.68 kN > 7.435 kN Ok

Design of Column:
Effective Length, Le = 1.0L = 0.367 m Both ends Hinged
Design Strength, Py = fy/ϒs = 430.43 N/mm 2

Second moment of area of the cross section

Ixx = 165900 mm4
Iyy = 22600 mm4

Short Strut Capacity, Pcs=Aeff*Py = 32.68 kN > 7.435 kN Ok

Axial Buckling Resistance

Minimum Radius of gyration, rmin = 13.21 mm
Check for maximum allowable slenderness
Le/rmin = 27.78 < 180 Ok
Minimum elastic flexural buckling load,
Pe= π2EI/Le2 = 339.15 kN
Perry Coefficient,n = 0.0156
ɸ=Pcs+(1+n)Pe/2 = 188.55415
Buckling Resistance under Axial Load,
Pc = (PePcs)/(ɸ+Ѵɸ2-PePcs) = 32.13 kN > 7.435 kN Ok
37

7.5

0.75
s Hinged
Cold Formed Steel Section Design (Single Channel Section): (Longitudinal wall members)
Grade = 550 Mpa
Yield Stress,fy = 495 Mpa 37
Compressive force = 0.129 kN
Length of member,L = 1.981 m
Depth of web = 90 mm
Width of flange = 37 mm
Length of lips = 7.5 mm
Thickness of Member,t = 0.75 mm
No. of channel section = 1
Internal Radius,R = 1.5t = 1.13 mm 90
B1 = 86.25 mm
B2 = 33.25 mm
h=B2/B1 = 0.39
i) Effective width of Web
Buckling Coefficient,
K1 = 7-1.8h/(0.15+h)-1.43h3 = 5.62 (= K)

Critical Buckling Stress,

Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 78.69 N/mm2
where,
K = 5.62
E = 205000 Mpa
μ = 0.3
b=B1 = 86.25 mm

Effective width, beff

beff/b = 1 when (fc/Pcr) ≤ 0.123
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 when (fc/Pcr) > 0.123
Design compressive strength,fc = fy/ϒs
= 478.26 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 6.08
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.32
beff = 27.92

ii) Effective width of Flanges

Buckling Coefficient,
K2 = K1.h2.(t1/t2)2 = 0.84 or 4 minimum as per BS Code
Hence, K2=K = 4.00
Critical Buckling Stress,
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 376.69 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 1.27
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.70
beff = 23.16

iii) Effective width of Lips

Buckling Coefficient, K = 0.425
 b = 5.63 mm
Pcr = ((kπ E)/12(1-μ ))*(t/b)
2 2 2
= 1398.48 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 0.34
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.99
beff = 5.58

iv) Effective Section in mid-line dimension

As the corners are fully effective, they may be included into the effective width of
the flat elements to form the effective section
(b-t/2-t/2) = 89.25 mm for web
(b-t/2-t/2) = 36.25 mm for flange For Gross Area
(b-t/2) = 7.13 mm for lips
(beff+2R+t) = 30.92 mm for web
(beff+2R+t) = 26.16 mm for flange For Effective Area
(beff+R+t/2) = 7.08 mm for lips

v) Area of Gross section, A

A = 132.00 mm2

vi) Effective Cross-sectional Area, Aeff

Aeff = 73.05 mm2

vii) Factor defining the effectiveness of the section under consideration,Q

Q = Aeff/A
Q = 0.55

viii) Compressive strength of the member

= Q.A.fy/ϒs
= 34.94 kN > 0.129 kN Ok

Design of Column:
Effective Length, Le = 1.0L = 1.981 m Both ends Hinged
Design Strength, Py = fy/ϒs = 478.26 N/mm 2

Second moment of area of the cross section

Ixx = 165900 mm4
Iyy = 22600 mm4

Short Strut Capacity, Pcs=Aeff*Py = 34.94 kN > 0.129 kN Ok

Axial Buckling Resistance

Minimum Radius of gyration, rmin = 13.21 mm
Check for maximum allowable slenderness
Le/rmin = 149.96 < 180 Ok
Minimum elastic flexural buckling load,
Pe= π2EI/Le2 = 11.64 kN
Perry Coefficient,n = 0.2599
ɸ=Pcs+(1+n)Pe/2 = 24.801238
Buckling Resistance under Axial Load,
Pc = (PePcs)/(ɸ+Ѵɸ2-PePcs) = 10.36 kN > 0.129 kN Ok
l members)

7.5

0.75
s Hinged
Cold Formed Steel Section Design (Single Channel Section): (Longitudinal wall members)
First Floor
Yield Stress,fy = 495 Mpa 37
Compressive force = 3.687 kN
Length of member,L = 2.999 m
Depth of web = 90 mm
Width of flange = 37 mm
Length of lips = 7.5 mm
Thickness of Member,t = 0.75 mm
No. of channel section = 1
Internal Radius,R = 1.5t = 1.13 mm 90
B1 = 86.25 mm
B2 = 33.25 mm
h=B2/B1 = 0.39
i) Effective width of Web
Buckling Coefficient,
K1 = 7-1.8h/(0.15+h)-1.43h3 = 5.62 (= K)

Critical Buckling Stress,

Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 78.69 N/mm2
where,
K = 5.62
E = 205000 Mpa
μ = 0.3
b=B1 = 86.25 mm

Effective width, beff

beff/b = 1 when (fc/Pcr) ≤ 0.123
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 when (fc/Pcr) > 0.123
Design compressive strength,fc = fy/ϒs
= 430.43 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 5.47
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.34
beff = 29.33

ii) Effective width of Flanges

Buckling Coefficient,
K2 = K1.h2.(t1/t2)2 = 0.84 or 4 minimum as per BS Code
Hence, K2=K = 4.00
Critical Buckling Stress,
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 376.69 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 1.14
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.73
 beff = 24.36

iii) Effective width of Lips

Buckling Coefficient, K = 0.425
b = 5.63 mm
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 1398.48 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 0.31
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 1.00
beff = 5.60

iv) Effective Section in mid-line dimension

As the corners are fully effective, they may be included into the effective width of
the flat elements to form the effective section
(b-t/2-t/2) = 89.25 mm for web
(b-t/2-t/2) = 36.25 mm for flange For Gross Area
(b-t/2) = 7.13 mm for lips
(beff+2R+t) = 32.33 mm for web
(beff+2R+t) = 27.36 mm for flange For Effective Area
(beff+R+t/2) = 7.10 mm for lips

v) Area of Gross section, A

A = 132.00 mm2

vi) Effective Cross-sectional Area, Aeff

Aeff = 75.93 mm2

vii) Factor defining the effectiveness of the section under consideration,Q

Q = Aeff/A
Q = 0.58

viii) Compressive strength of the member

= Q.A.fy/ϒs
= 32.68 kN > 3.687 kN Ok

Design of Column:
Effective Length, Le = 1.0L = 2.999 m Both ends Hinged
Design Strength, Py = fy/ϒs = 430.43 N/mm 2

Second moment of area of the cross section

Ixx = 165900 mm4
Iyy = 22600 mm4

Short Strut Capacity, Pcs=Aeff*Py = 32.68 kN > 3.687 kN Ok

Axial Buckling Resistance

Minimum Radius of gyration, rmin = 13.21 mm
Check for maximum allowable slenderness
Le/rmin = 227.02 < 180 0
Minimum elastic flexural buckling load,
Pe= π2EI/Le2 = 5.08 kN
Perry Coefficient,n = 0.4140
ɸ=Pcs+(1+n)Pe/2 = 19.931722
Buckling Resistance under Axial Load,
Pc = (PePcs)/(ɸ+Ѵɸ2-PePcs) = 4.72 kN > 3.687 kN Ok
l members)

7.5

0.75
s Hinged
Cold Formed Steel Section Design (Double Channel Section): (Longitudinal wall members)
Grade
Yield Stress,fy = 495 Mpa
Compressive force = - kN
Length of member,L = 2.999 m
Depth of web = 90 mm
Width of flange = 37 mm
Length of lips = 7.5 mm
Thickness of Member,t = 0.75 mm
No. of channel section = 2
Internal Radius,R = 1.5t = 1.13 mm
B1 = 86.25 mm
B2 = 33.25 mm
h=B2/B1 = 0.39
i) Effective width of Web
Buckling Coefficient,
K1 = 7-1.8h/(0.15+h)-1.43h3 = 5.62 (= K)

Critical Buckling Stress,

Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 78.69 N/mm2
where,
K = 5.62
E = 205000 Mpa
μ = 0.3
b=B1 = 86.25 mm

Effective width, beff

beff/b = 1 when (fc/Pcr) ≤ 0.123
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 when (fc/Pcr) > 0.123
Design compressive strength,fc = fy/ϒs
= 430.43 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 5.47
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.34
beff = 29.33

ii) Effective width of Flanges

Buckling Coefficient,
K2 = K1.h2.(t1/t2)2 = 0.84 or 4 minimum as per BS Code
Hence, K2=K = 4.00
Critical Buckling Stress,
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 376.69 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 1.14
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.73
 beff = 24.36

iii) Effective width of Lips

Buckling Coefficient, K = 0.425
b = 5.63 mm
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 1398.48 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 0.31
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 1.00
beff = 5.60

iv) Effective Section in mid-line dimension

As the corners are fully effective, they may be included into the effective width of
the flat elements to form the effective section
(b-t/2-t/2) = 89.25 mm for web
(b-t/2-t/2) = 36.25 mm for flange For Gross Area
(b-t/2) = 7.13 mm for lips
(beff+2R+t) = 32.33 mm for web
(beff+2R+t) = 27.36 mm for flange For Effective Area
(beff+R+t/2) = 7.10 mm for lips

v) Area of Gross section, A

A = 264.00 mm2

vi) Effective Cross-sectional Area, Aeff

Aeff = 151.85 mm2

vii) Factor defining the effectiveness of the section under consideration,Q

Q = Aeff/A
Q = 0.58

viii) Compressive strength of the member

= Q.A.fy/ϒs
= 65.36 kN > - kN Ok

Design of Column:
Effective Length, Le = 1.0L = 2.999 m Both ends Hinged
Design Strength, Py = fy/ϒs = 430.43 N/mm 2

Second moment of area of the cross section

Ixx = 331800 mm4
Iyy = 45200 mm4

Short Strut Capacity, Pcs=Aeff*Py = 65.36 kN > - kN Ok

Axial Buckling Resistance

Minimum Radius of gyration, rmin = 13.21 mm
Check for maximum allowable slenderness
Le/rmin = 227.02 < 180 Ok
Minimum elastic flexural buckling load,
Pe= π2EI/Le2 = 10.16 kN
Perry Coefficient,n = 0.4140
ɸ=Pcs+(1+n)Pe/2 = 39.863443
Buckling Resistance under Axial Load,
Pc = (PePcs)/(ɸ+Ѵɸ2-PePcs) = 9.45 kN > - kN Ok
all members)
s Hinged
Cold Formed Steel Section Design (Single Channel Section): (Transverse wall members)
Grade 550 Mpa
Yield Stress,fy = 495 Mpa 37
Compressive force = 0.467 kN
Length of member,L = 0.358 m
Depth of web = 90 mm
Width of flange = 37 mm
Length of lips = 7.5 mm
Thickness of Member,t = 0.75 mm
No. of channel section = 1
Internal Radius,R = 1.5t = 1.13 mm 90
B1 = 86.25 mm
B2 = 33.25 mm
h=B2/B1 = 0.39
i) Effective width of Web
Buckling Coefficient,
K1 = 7-1.8h/(0.15+h)-1.43h3 = 5.62 (= K)

Critical Buckling Stress,

Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 78.69 N/mm2
where,
K = 5.62
E = 205000 Mpa
μ = 0.3
b=B1 = 86.25 mm

Effective width, beff

beff/b = 1 when (fc/Pcr) ≤ 0.123
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 when (fc/Pcr) > 0.123
Design compressive strength,fc = fy/ϒs
= 430.43 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 5.47
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.34
beff = 29.33

ii) Effective width of Flanges

Buckling Coefficient,
K2 = K1.h2.(t1/t2)2 = 0.84 or 4 minimum as per BS Code
Hence, K2=K = 4.00
Critical Buckling Stress,
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 376.69 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 1.14
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.73
 beff = 24.36

iii) Effective width of Lips

Buckling Coefficient, K = 0.425
b = 5.63 mm
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 1398.48 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 0.31
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 1.00
beff = 5.60

iv) Effective Section in mid-line dimension

As the corners are fully effective, they may be included into the effective width of
the flat elements to form the effective section
(b-t/2-t/2) = 89.25 mm for web
(b-t/2-t/2) = 36.25 mm for flange For Gross Area
(b-t/2) = 7.13 mm for lips
(beff+2R+t) = 32.33 mm for web
(beff+2R+t) = 27.36 mm for flange For Effective Area
(beff+R+t/2) = 7.10 mm for lips

v) Area of Gross section, A

A = 132.00 mm2

vi) Effective Cross-sectional Area, Aeff

Aeff = 75.93 mm2

vii) Factor defining the effectiveness of the section under consideration,Q

Q = Aeff/A
Q = 0.58

viii) Compressive strength of the member

= Q.A.fy/ϒs
= 32.68 kN > 0.467 kN Ok

Design of Column:
Effective Length, Le = 0.358 m Both ends Hinged
Design Strength, Py = fy/ϒs = 430.43 N/mm 2

Second moment of area of the cross section

Ixx = 165900 mm4
Iyy = 22600 mm4

Short Strut Capacity, Pcs=Aeff*Py = 32.68 kN > 0.467 kN Ok

Axial Buckling Resistance

Minimum Radius of gyration, rmin = 13.21 mm
Check for maximum allowable slenderness
Le/rmin = 27.10
Minimum elastic flexural buckling load,
Pe= π2EI/Le2 = 356.41 kN
Perry Coefficient,n = 0.0142
ɸ=Pcs+(1+n)Pe/2 = 197.07893
Buckling Resistance under Axial Load,
Pc = (PePcs)/(ɸ+Ѵɸ2-PePcs) = 32.18 kN > 0.467 kN Ok
members)

7.5

0.75
s Hinged
Cold Formed Steel Section Design (Single Channel Section): (Transverse wall members)
First Floor
Yield Stress,fy = 495 Mpa 37
Compressive force = 0.139 kN
Length of member,L = 1.981 m
Depth of web = 90 mm
Width of flange = 37 mm
Length of lips = 7.5 mm
Thickness of Member,t = 0.75 mm
No. of channel section = 1
Internal Radius,R = 1.5t = 1.13 mm 90
B1 = 86.25 mm
B2 = 33.25 mm
h=B2/B1 = 0.39
i) Effective width of Web
Buckling Coefficient,
K1 = 7-1.8h/(0.15+h)-1.43h3 = 5.62 (= K)

Critical Buckling Stress,

Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 78.69 N/mm2
where,
K = 5.62
E = 205000 Mpa
μ = 0.3
b=B1 = 86.25 mm

Effective width, beff

beff/b = 1 when (fc/Pcr) ≤ 0.123
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 when (fc/Pcr) > 0.123
Design compressive strength,fc = fy/ϒs
= 430.43 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 5.47
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.34
beff = 29.33

ii) Effective width of Flanges

Buckling Coefficient,
K2 = K1.h2.(t1/t2)2 = 0.84 or 4 minimum as per BS Code
Hence, K2=K = 4.00
Critical Buckling Stress,
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 376.69 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 1.14
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.73
 beff = 24.36

iii) Effective width of Lips

Buckling Coefficient, K = 0.425
b = 5.63 mm
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 1398.48 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 0.31
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 1.00
beff = 5.60

iv) Effective Section in mid-line dimension

As the corners are fully effective, they may be included into the effective width of
the flat elements to form the effective section
(b-t/2-t/2) = 89.25 mm for web
(b-t/2-t/2) = 36.25 mm for flange For Gross Area
(b-t/2) = 7.13 mm for lips
(beff+2R+t) = 32.33 mm for web
(beff+2R+t) = 27.36 mm for flange For Effective Area
(beff+R+t/2) = 7.10 mm for lips

v) Area of Gross section, A

A = 132.00 mm2

vi) Effective Cross-sectional Area, Aeff

Aeff = 75.93 mm2

vii) Factor defining the effectiveness of the section under consideration,Q

Q = Aeff/A
Q = 0.58

viii) Compressive strength of the member

= Q.A.fy/ϒs
= 32.68 kN > 0.139 kN Ok

Design of Column:
Effective Length, Le = 1.0L = 0.9905 m Both ends Hinged
Design Strength, Py = fy/ϒs = 430.43 N/mm 2

Second moment of area of the cross section

Ixx = 165900 mm4
Iyy = 22600 mm4

Short Strut Capacity, Pcs=Aeff*Py = 32.68 kN > 0.139 kN Ok

Axial Buckling Resistance

Minimum Radius of gyration, rmin = 13.21 mm
Check for maximum allowable slenderness
Le/rmin = 74.98 < 180 0
Minimum elastic flexural buckling load,
Pe= π2EI/Le2 = 46.56 kN
Perry Coefficient,n = 0.1100
ɸ=Pcs+(1+n)Pe/2 = 42.18072
Buckling Resistance under Axial Load,
Pc = (PePcs)/(ɸ+Ѵɸ2-PePcs) = 26.13 kN > 0.139 kN Ok
members)

7.5

0.75
s Hinged
Design of Cold formed steel Beam (First Floor)
Grade = 550 Mpa
Span, l = 0.4 m
Modulus of Elasticity,E = 205000 Mpa 37
Yield Stress, fy = 495 Mpa
Maximum Moment in Beam,M = 0.18 kN-m
Maximum Shear Force, V = 1.094 kN
Depth of web = 90 mm
Width of flange = 37 mm
Length of lips = 7.5 mm
Thickness of Member,t = 0.75 mm
No. of channel section = 1 90
Internal Radius,R = 1.5t = 1.13 mm
Radius of gyration, ryy = 13.21 mm
Second moment of area, Ixx = 165900 mm4
Section modulus, Zxx=Ixx/(D/2) = 3686.67 mm3
Assume only compression flange is subjected to local buckling.

i) Limiting Stress for stiffened web in bending

Po=(1.13-0.0019*(D/t)*(fy/280)^0.5)*Py
Py = fy/ϒs = 430.43 N/mm2
Po = 355.90 N/mm2 0.75
fc = 355.90 N/mm 2

ii) Effective width of compression flange

B1 = 33.25 mm
B2 = 86.25 mm
h=B2/B1 = 2.59

Buckling Coefficient,
K1=5.4-(1.4h/0.6+h)-0.02h3 = 3.91 or 4 whichever is greater
or, k = 4.00
Critical Buckling Stress,
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 376.69 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 0.94 > 0.123
beff/b = 1 when (fc/Pcr) ≤ 0.123
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 when (fc/Pcr) > 0.123
Here,
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.80
beff = 26.52 mm
This means the full section is not effective in bending.
Ixr=Ixx = 165900 mm4
Zxr=Zxx = 3686.67 mm3

iii) Moment of resistance of trial section

Mcx = Zxr*Py
= 1.59 kN-m > 0.18
iv) Shear resistance of trial section
Shear yield strength, Pv = 0.6Py = 258.26 N/mm2

Shear Buckling Strength, qcr = (1000t/D)^2

= 69.44 N/mm2
Max shear force, Fv.max = 1.094 kN
Shear Area of the section = 67.5 mm2

Average shear stress,fv = 16.21 N/mm2 < 69.44

 7.5

ver is greater

kN-m
N/mm2 Ok
Design of Cold formed steel Beam (Ground Floor)
Span, l = 1.958 m
Modulus of Elasticity,E = 205000 Mpa 37
Yield Stress, fy = 495 Mpa
Maximum Moment in Beam,M = 0.618 kN-m
Maximum Shear Force, V = 0.872 kN
Depth of web = 90 mm
Width of flange = 37 mm
Length of lips = 7.5 mm
Thickness of Member,t = 0.75 mm
No. of channel section = 1 90
Internal Radius,R = 1.5t = 1.13 mm
Radius of gyration, ryy = 13.21 mm
Second moment of area, Ixx = 165900 mm4
Section modulus, Zxx=Ixx/(D/2) = 3686.67 mm3
Assume only compression flange is subjected to local buckling.

i) Limiting Stress for stiffened web in bending

Po=(1.13-0.0019*(D/t)*(fy/280)^0.5)*Py
Py = fy/ϒs = 430.43 N/mm2
Po = 355.90 N/mm2 0.75
fc = 355.90 N/mm 2

ii) Effective width of compression flange

B1 = 33.25 mm
B2 = 86.25 mm
h=B2/B1 = 2.59

Buckling Coefficient,
K1=5.4-(1.4h/0.6+h)-0.02h3 = 3.91 or 4 whichever is greater
or, k = 4.00
Critical Buckling Stress,
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 376.69 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 0.94 > 0.123
beff/b = 1 when (fc/Pcr) ≤ 0.123
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 when (fc/Pcr) > 0.123
Here,
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.80
beff = 26.52 mm
This means the full section is not effective in bending.
Ixr=Ixx = 165900 mm4
Zxr=Zxx = 3686.67 mm3

iii) Moment of resistance of trial section

Mcx = Zxr*Py
 = 1.59 kN-m > 0.618

iv) Shear resistance of trial section

Shear yield strength, Pv = 0.6Py = 258.26 N/mm2

Shear Buckling Strength, qcr = (1000t/D)^2

= 69.44 N/mm2
Max shear force, Fv.max = 0.872 kN
Shear Area of the section = 67.5 mm2

Average shear stress,fv = 12.92 N/mm2 < 69.44

 7.5

ver is greater
kN-m

N/mm2 Ok
Design of Cold formed steel Purlin
Span, l = 1.958 m
Modulus of Elasticity,E = 205000 Mpa 37
Yield Stress, fy = 495 Mpa
Maximum Moment in Purlin,M = 0.618 kN-m
Maximum Shear Force, V = 0.872 kN
Depth of web = 90 mm
Width of flange = 37 mm
Length of lips = 7.5 mm
Thickness of Member,t = 0.55 mm
No. of channel section = 1 90
Internal Radius,R = 1.5t = 0.83 mm
Radius of gyration, ryy = 13.27 mm
Second moment of area, Ixx = 122100 mm4
Section modulus, Zxx=Ixx/(D/2) = 2713.33 mm3
Assume only compression flange is subjected to local buckling.

i) Limiting Stress for stiffened web in bending

Po=(1.13-0.0019*(D/t)*(fy/280)^0.5)*Py
Py = fy/ϒs = 430.43 N/mm2
Po = 308.46 N/mm2 0.55
fc = 308.46 N/mm 2

ii) Effective width of compression flange

B1 = 34.25 mm
B2 = 87.25 mm
h=B2/B1 = 2.55

Buckling Coefficient,
K1=5.4-(1.4h/0.6+h)-0.02h3 = 3.94 or 4 whichever is greater
or, k = 4.00
Critical Buckling Stress,
Pcr = ((kπ2E)/12(1-μ2))*(t/b)2 = 190.92 N/mm2
fc/Pcr = 1.62 > 0.123
beff/b = 1 when (fc/Pcr) ≤ 0.123
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 when (fc/Pcr) > 0.123
Here,
beff/b = (1+14((fc/Pcr)^0.5- 0.35)^4)^-0.2 = 0.62
beff = 21.17 mm
This means the full section is not effective in bending.
Ixr=Ixx = 122100 mm4
Zxr=Zxx = 2713.33 mm3

iii) Moment of resistance of trial section

Mcx = Zxr*Py
 = 1.17 kN-m > 0.618

iv) Shear resistance of trial section

Shear yield strength, Pv = 0.6Py = 258.26 N/mm2

Shear Buckling Strength, qcr = (1000t/D)^2

= 37.35 N/mm2
Max shear force, Fv.max = 0.872 kN
Shear Area of the section = 49.5 mm2

Average shear stress,fv = 17.62 N/mm2 < 37.35

 7.5

ver is greater
kN-m Ok

N/mm2 Ok
 DESIGN OF COLD FORMED STEEL ROOF TRUSS
Material Properties
Grade of steel, fy = 495 Mpa

i) Structural Model
Span of truss = 1.958 m
Maximum Spacing of truss = 1.958 m
Height of truss = 0.793 m
Number of truss = 6
Spacing of Purlin = 0.392 m
Maximum length of rafter = 0.392 m
Maximum length of bottom chord = 1.958 m
Maximum length of the vertical member = 0.493 m
Maximum length of inclined member = 0.358 m

Finite Element model of a truss in SAP 2000

ii) Loading
calculation for dead load
CCGI Sheet = 0.055 kN/m2
Fixings = 0.025 kN/m2
Services = 0.1 kN/m2
Total Load = 0.18 kN/m2

For 1.958 m bays

Roof Dead Load = 0.35 kN
Weight of Purlin = 0.074 kN
self weight of one truss = 0.2 kN
Weight of Ceiling = 0.17 kN
Total dead load = 0.794 kN

Calculation for nodal dead loads

No. of intermediate nodes = 5 at top chord
Dead load at each intermediate node = 0.16 kN
Dead load at each endnode = 0.16 kN including projection part
Tributary area for each node = 0.384 m 2

Live load = 0.49 kN/m2

Live load at intermediate nodes = 0.19 kN
Live load at end nodes = 0.19 kN
ing projection part
iii) Design of Purlin
Span of Purlin = 1.958 m
Spacing of Purlin = 0.392 m
Roof Slope = 23 Degree

Load Calculations:
Live load on sloping roof = 0.49 kN/m2 As per IS 875 Part 2
Total dead Load on Purlin = 0.18 kN/m 2

Wind Load = -1.833 kN/m2

Load combinations:
1. DL +WL
Normal to slope = -1.662 kN/m2
parallel to slope = 0.06 kN/m2

2. DL+LL = 0.67 kN/m2

Due to continuity of purlins, factored bending moments and shear force are as follows:
Load combination (Max Response)
Mz = 0.29 kN-m
My = 0.21 kN-m
SFz = 0.33 kN
Grade of steel = 550 Mpa
Factor of safety = 1.1
DESIGN OF MASONRY STRIP FOOTING
Axial Load, P = 2.765 kN/m
Size of wall = 90 mm
Unit weight of soil, ϒ = 20 kN/m3
Angle of repose for the soil,ɸ = 30 Degree
Allowable bearing capacity of soil,qo = 50 kN/m2

Depth of Foundation
Df=(P/ϒ)(1-sinɸ/1+sinɸ)2 = 0.28 m
Provided depth of footing = 0.9 m Ok

Design Load = 3.04 kN/m

Area, A = 0.06 m2
Breadth of foundation, B = 0.06 m
Provided width of footing, B = 0.9 m Ok

Net Upward Pressure on footings,p = 3.379444 kN/m2 < 50kN/m2

Maximum Bending Moment, M = 0.04

Moment of Resistance Mr of PCC (1:2:4) = mr x d2/6
where, mr=modulus of rupture of concrete = 0.527 N/mm2
d=depth of bed concrete
Equating moment of resistance to maximum BM
d = 20.80 mm
Provided depth of bed concrete = 75 mm Safe
 60

Safe
Design of Rivet Connection
Diameter of rivet,d = 4 mm
i. Shear capacity Ps of a rivet in tilting and bearing
For t4/t3 = 1.0
Ps = 3.2(t33d)0.5Py
whichever is smaller
or Ps = 2.1t3dPy
Where,
t3 = the thickness of the member in contact with the screw
head or the preformed rivet head
t4 = the thickness of the member remote from the screw head
or the preformed rivet head
d = Diameter of the fastener
Py = Design strength of member material

Here,
Yield strength, fy = 495 Mpa
ϒs = 1.15
Therefore, Py=fy/ϒs = 430.43 N/mm2

t3=t4 = 0.75 mm

Ps = 1.79 kN
or Ps = 2.71 kN

Hence Take Ps = 1.79 kN

Maximum applied shear force = 7.435 kN

No. of rivet required for shear criteria = 4.155

ii. calculation of tensile capacity, Pt

Head diameter of rivet,ds = 7.9 mm
The tensile capacity Pt at a screwed connection may be taken as smallest of a), b) and c)
a) Pulling of the connected material over the screw head or washer
Pt = 1.1t3dsPy = 2.81 kN

b) Pull out from the base material

Pt = 0.65t4dPy = 0.84 kN

c) Tensile failure of the rivet itself = 1.54 kN

Hence, Take Pt = 1.18 kN

Maximum applied Tension force = 1.325 kN

No. of rivet required for tension criteria = 1.1228813559
Design of Rivet Connection at nodes
Diameter of rivet,d = 4 mm
i. Shear capacity Ps of a rivet in tilting and bearing
For t4/t3 = 1.0
Ps = 3.2(t33d)0.5Py whichever is smaller
or Ps = 2.1t3dPy
Where,
t3 = the thickness of the member in contact with the screw
head or the preformed rivet head
t4 = the thickness of the member remote from the screw head
or the preformed rivet head
d = Diameter of the fastener
Py = Design strength of member material

Here,
Yield strength, fy = 495 Mpa
ϒs = 1.15
Therefore, Py=fy/ϒs = 430.43 N/mm2

t3=t4 = 0.75 mm

Ps = 1.79 kN
or Ps = 2.71 kN

Hence Take Ps = 1.79 kN

Maximum applied shear force = 7.435 kN

No. of rivet required for shear criteria = 4.155
Hence provide 2 Rivets at each side of the braces joints.

ii. calculation of tensile capacity, Pt

Head diameter of rivet,ds = 7.9 mm
The tensile capacity Pt at a screwed connection may be taken as smallest of a), b) and c)
a) Pulling of the connected material over the screw head or washer
Pt = 1.1t3dsPy = 2.81 kN

b) Pull out from the base material

Pt = 0.65t4dPy = 0.84 kN

c) Tensile failure of the rivet itself = 1.54 kN

Hence, Take Pt = 1.18 kN

Maximum applied Tension force = 1.325 kN

No. of rivet required for tension criteria = 1.123
Hence provide 2 Rivets at each side of the braces joints.
act with the screw

e from the screw head

Design of Screw Connection
Diameter of screw,d = 3.8 mm
i. Shear capacity Ps of a screw in tilting and bearing
For t4/t3 = 1.0
Ps = 3.2(t33d)0.5Py whichever is smaller
or Ps = 2.1t3dPy
Where,
t3 = the thickness of the member in contact with the screw
head or the preformed rivet head
t4 = the thickness of the member remote from the screw head
or the preformed rivet head
d = Diameter of the fastener
Py = Design strength of member material

Here,
Yield strength, fy = 495 Mpa
ϒs = 1.15
Therefore, Py=fy/ϒs = 430.43 N/mm2

t3=t4 = 0.75 mm

Ps = 1.74 kN
or Ps = 2.58 kN

Hence Take Ps = 1.74 kN

Maximum applied shear force = kN

No. of rivet required for shear criteria = 0

ii. calculation of tensile capacity, Pt

Head diameter of screw,ds = 4.8 mm
The tensile capacity Pt at a screwed connection may be taken as smallest of a), b) and c)
a) Pulling of the connected material over the screw head or washer
Pt = 1.1t3dsPy = 1.70 kN

b) Pull out from the base material

Pt = 0.65t4dPy = 0.80 kN

c) Tensile failure of the screw itself = 12.0 kN

Hence, Take Pt = 1.12 kN

Maximum applied Tension force = kN

No. of rivet required for tension criteria =
act with the screw

e from the screw head

Design of Post (In verrandah)
Factored Compressive force = 7.77 kN
Using, fy = 250 Mpa
Trial section,
Width,B = 91.5 mm
Depth,D = 91.5 mm
Thickness,t = 4.5 mm
Area of cross section = 1514 mm2
Moment of inertia = 1875700 mm4
Radius of gyration = 35.2 mm
KL = 2226.4 mm
λ = 63.25 < 180 Ok
fc = 190.775 N/mm2 From IS 800:2007

Axial compression capacity = 288.83 kN Safe

Design for Anchor Bolt
Anchor bolt diameter = 12 mm
Length of bolt = 100 mm
Max. tension in the structural member = 6.573 kN
Max. shear in the structural member = 0.175 kN

Using hex high carbon steel,

Max. tensile capacity of the bolt = 14.4 kN
Ok
Max. shear capacity of the bolt = 16.7 kN

No. of bolts required = 0.46

Hence provide 1 number of bolt.

Along Y-Direction
Anchor bolt diameter = 12 mm
Length of bolt = 100 mm
Max. tension in the structural member = 103.80 kN
Base Shear along Y-direction (Wind Governing) = 67.771 kN
Total length of the wall along Y- direction = 13.706 m
Providing 3 numbers of anchor bolts at each of the seven walls along Y-direction of length 1.958 m.
Total No. of Bolts used = 21
Using hex high carbon steel,
Max. tensile capacity of each bolt = 14.4 kN
Max. shear capacity of each bolt = 16.7 kN
Hence, Total Shear capacity of Bolts = 350.7 kN > 67.771 kN
Hence, Total tensile capacity of Bolts = 302.4 kN > 103.80 kN

Along X-Direction
Anchor bolt diameter = 12 mm
Length of bolt = 100 mm
Max. tension in the structural member = 2.71 kN
Base Shear along X-direction (EQx Governing) = 10.71 kN
Total length of the wall along X- direction = 23.68 m
Total No. of Bolts used = 36
Using hex high carbon steel,
Max. tensile capacity of each bolt = 14.4 kN
Max. shear capacity of each bolt = 16.7 kN
Hence, Total Shear capacity of Bolts = 601.2 kN > 10.71 kN
Hence, Total tensile capacity of Bolts = 518.4 kN > 2.71 kN
Ok
Ok

Ok
Ok