WORK RELATED TO PREPARATIO OF LAYOUT LAN OF A BUILDING

AND IT’S MARKING ON GROUND

A Mini Project Report Submitted

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirementfor the Degree Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

BY
PRANJAL SRIVASTAVA

(University Roll no-1904220000051)

Under The Guidance Of

Mr. Divakar Singh

Assistant Professor

(Civil Engineering Department)

Bansal Institute Of Engineering and Technology

Lucknow-226021
2022-23
 CERTIFICATE

This is to be certified that PRANJAL SRIVASTAVA (1904220000051)

student of final year B.Tech. VII semester of Civil Engineering
Department, Bansal Institute of engineering and technology Lucknow (U.P)
have completed their mini projectentitled He has submitted his Project
Report for the partial fulfillment of the curriculum ofthe Degree of Bachelor
of Civil engineering from Bansal institute of engineeringand Technology
Lucknow.

Mr. Divakar Singh Mr. Md Wasiq

Asst .prof. Dept of Civil Engg Head of Dept Civil Egg
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I Would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Asst Prof Mr.
Divakar Singh Asst prof. Dept. of Civil Engineering, Bansal institute of
engineering and technology Lucknow (UP) India for his generous guidance,
help and useful suggestions. I express my sincere gratitude to Asst prof. Mr.
Md. Wasiq, HOD in Department of Civil Engineering, BIET,Lucknow, for
his stimulating guidance, continuous encouragement and I also wish to
extend my thanks toast Asst prof. Mr.Divakar Singh for their insightful
comments and constructive suggestions to improve the quality of this
research work. Supervision throughout the course of present work

PRANJALSRIVASTAVA
ROLL NO : 1904220000051
 DECLARATION
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the mini project report
entitled “by “PRANJAL SRIVASTAVA” 1904220000051 in partial fulfilment of
requirements for the award of degree of B.Tech. (CE) submitted in the Department
of CE at Bansal institute of engineering and technology” under Abdul Kalam Azad
Technical University, Lucknow is an authentic record of my own work carried out
during under the supervision of Mr. Divakar Singh Asst prof. CivilDepartment).

PRANJAL SRIVASTAVA
1904220000051
 ABSTRACT

The type of layout utilized will largely depend on the nature of the manufacturing activities,
including the
volume and variety of the products being produced. The plant layout generation is
challenging, especially for
the process-oriented layout. This paper presents the practical application of Muther's
systematic layout
planning (SLP) in engineering-to-order company
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION........................................................... 1

What Is Building Layout? .................................................................................... 1-2

Objectives Of Building Layout ............................................................................ 3

CHAPTER 2 Classifications Of Building Plan Drawings ..................... 4

Site Plan ............................................................................................................... 4

Site Layout Plan ................................................................................................... 5

Floor Plan ............................................................................................................5

Cross Section ........................................................................................................6

Cross Section of Building ...................................................................................... 7

2.7 Elevation of Building ............................................................................................ 7
2.8. Landscape Plan .................................................................................................. 8.

CHAPTER 3............................................................................................... 9

33.1.3 Posthole Auger ................................................................................................9.

.1.1 String line............................................................................................................. 9

3.1.4 Handsaw............................................................................................................. 9

Hatchet ................................................................................................................ 9

Hammer .............................................................................................................. 9

Chalk Line ...........................................................................................................9

Meter Tape ............................................................................................................. 10

Tracing Tape ...........................................................................................................10

Carpenter’s level.................................................................................................... 10
 Line Level ...............................................................................................................10.

Automatic Level ...................................................................................................... 10.

8d Nails .................................................................................................................. 10

Plumbing Bob ........................................................................................................ 10.

Framing Square ....................................................................................................... 10

CHAPTER 4 METHOD ............................................................................... 11.

Method Of Layout Of Building..................................................................................11

Trenches ................................................................................................................. 11

Reduced Level Excavations ..................................................................................... 12

Framed Building ......................................................................................................13

CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 14

REFERENCE ..................................................................................................... 15
 CHAPTER 1 Introduction

The placement of the structure, particularly its foundations, will be determined by

controlling measurements and also references on a drawing and this process is
called Building Layout.

Overall length and breadth, distances to roadway centerlines and other structures, inner
structural measures, approaches as well as rights–of–way, and so on are all examples.

Whenever you layout a building, you must follow the architect’s

drawing or certain time engineer’s drawings.

The drawings will show you where everything must be set out, and it is an essential way
to ensure that no mistakes can happen.

When a mistake has been made and not identified before the whole construction begins, it
may be an expensive mistake that costs thousands of rupees.

What Is Building Layout?

A building layout indicates the foundation plan on a ground surface, as shown in

its drawings so that in order to carry out excavation, the positions, as well as orientation of
the structure, can be precisely defined.

The foundation is set out as per the engineer’s or architect’s foundation plan
drawings and specifications.

The layout of building plan involves the entire structure, so it must be done once
the conditional survey with desk study is completed.
 Building Foundation Layout
All garbage, obstacles, and even growing plants should be cleared from the whole area.

Setting out a building is the process of bringing architectural concepts from drawings to the
ground.

It determines the location point of site boundaries, wall center

lines, foundations, columns, along with other structural elements.

It also provides the proper size, angle, as well as level of the building. The entire
structure must be placed and constructed in accordance with the initial setting out.

The structure’s regulating points can be marked so the construction staff can quickly
find them.

This generally includes utilizing stakes, batter board with string lines, drill holes, cut-and-
fill notations, and other ways
to identify the building’s corners, horizontal and vertical locations.

The structure and foundation are placed in accordance with the controlled measurements as
well as references on the produced drawings.

The total length and breadth of the structure, lengths to road center–line and some
other structures, measurements throughout the structure, and
other assessments about approaches as well as rights-of-way are all included in
the measurements and references.
 Objectives Of Building Layout

The purposes of surveying for construction works are to set out the planned
structure in accordance with established designs and indicate the project’s controlling points
in the most practical way for the construction forces.

The stakes, drill holes, batter boards mostly with string lines, cut–and–fill notations,
and some other traditional methods are used to indicate the building’s corners as well as other
lateral and vertical positions.

Generally, some type of reconnaissance, as well as site assessment, precedes the exact
layout of the structure. The procedures listed below are typical of large construction projects:

 Conducted reconnaissance (aerial, map, and ground)

 Choosing a location (paper and instrument)
 Specifying control (horizontal and vertical) 
 Observing topography (plane table)
 CHAPTER 2 Classifications Of Building Plan Drawings

The building plans are a series of diagrams that includes site plans, floor plans, elevations, cross-
sections, plumbing, electrical, as well as landscaping designs for the convenience of construction on
the worksite.

The drawings are a way through which an architect or designer’s thoughts and conceptions are turned
into actuality.

Various types of drawings are provided by an architect based on the details and complexities of the project
for simplicity of understanding as well as smooth operation of the construction process. Several of
the various types of drawings are explored in detail below,

 Site plan
 Floor plan
 Cross section
 Elevation
 Landscape plan
Site Plan

The site plan is a detailed diagram that displays the whole layout of a building. It indicates the
site’s borders including access points, as well as nearby structures that are important for the design.

Site Layout Plan

These plans must follow local development laws, which may include limitations on historical sites.
It works as an official agreement for obtaining government approval for construction.

A certified specialist, such as an architect, landscape architect, and engineer, must develop the site plan.

In the case of a construction project, the site plan must include indicating all essential connections, such
as drainage as well as sewer lines, electrical and communications cables, water supply, external lighting,
and so on.

Floor Plan

The floor plan viewpoint is described as a vertical orthographic view of an object onto the
horizontal plane crossing through the structure.

The floor plan is a great detailed description of the room layout. The floor plans are created regardless
of whether they will be used in the construction of a house, store, or commercial project.

Floor Plan of Building

The applications involve a knowledge of the size and various types of installments. This
helps to acquire a perspective of how the limited room area should be used.

A drawing, often to scale, illustrating the interconnections between rooms, spaces, and some
other physical elements with a single level of the structure, floor Plan
Specifications, Interior walls
including corridors, restrooms, doors and windows, refrigerators, water heaters, and so on.

Cross Section

Cross–section illustrations depict viewpoints of the house as if you had cut down through
the roof with a saw and looking through a resulting opening.

These perspectives will enable the builder to better understanding the inner and external
construction details. The more complicated a housing design, the more and more cross-
sections should be included.
 Cross Section of Building
The cross-section drawings can be used to illustrate wall
and roof frame elements, external wall layers, staircase structure,
and even interior features like soffits, cabinets, and ceiling height.

Window measurements, exact positions in reference to interior walls,

and heights with respect to a ceiling or floor are also shown in cross–sections. Apart from
sections that expressly specify wall or floor layer, cross–sections generally may not reveal
completed wall or flooring materials.

Elevation

Elevation diagrams are a type of architectural drawing that shows a building or a part of
a building. A drawing of a building’s interior surface taken from a vertical
plane looking straight at it is called an elevation.

This is the same as if you stand right in front of a structure and looked at it.
The elevations are a popular design drawing as well as a professional
architectural or engineering standard used to graphically represent buildings.
 Elevation of Building
Elevation diagrams are orthographic projections. This indicates there is no foreshortening as
well as they are not depicted in perspective. A projection sketch of a single side of
a building is known as an elevation diagram.

The elevation drawing’s aim is to show how a specific side of the house will look when
finished, and also provide vertical height measurements. Four elevations
are generally sketched, one for each side of the house.

Typically, an elevation plan contains the identification of a house particular side which
the elevation shows, doors, and windows, Material symbols, grade lines, roof
features, finished floor along
with ceiling levels, decks and patios, Porches, location of exterior wall corners and dimension
s of key elements in the vertical plane.

Landscape Plan

The landscape design is similar to an outdoor area for the floor plan.
The landscape design, similar to a floor plan, produces a visual representation of a
location utilizing scaled measurements.

Natural features such as trees, flowers, and grass, and also man–made components such
as garden furniture, waterfalls, and sheds, are all included in landscape plans.
Landscape Plan of Building
Overlays for irrigation as well as lighting are also included in landscape designs.

Landscape plans are generally utilized to plan the layout of outside space, whether that is
a private garden plan for the house or a commercial plan for a business.

Making the landscaping plan can also help with the material selection process. Also,
it provides the owner of the property as well as the landscaping
contractor with better cost estimating tools, allowing the project to
be finished within financial limitations.
 CHAPTER 3

Building Layout Tools

The most widely used layout tools are as follows:

String line

To differentiate the dimensions of a building layout, a sledgehammer is utilized to drive corner

pegs, batter boards, as well as posts into the ground.

SledgeHammer

The sledgehammer is utilized to drive corner pegs, batter boards, as well as posts into the ground.

Posthole Auger

In some soils, the posthole auger is utilized to drill the holes needed to correctly set posts.

Handsaw

For cut batter boards as well as posts, a handsaw is needed.

Hatchet

The hatchet is used to sharpen batter-board posts as well as stakes.

Hammer

When building batter boards, you will need a hammer.

Chalk Line

To produce a straight guideline, the chalk line is required to put chalk on the surface.
 Meter Tape

The 30-meter tape is being used to measure diagonally (typically in 100-foot lengths) and also to draw
out excavation and foundation marks.

Tracing Tape

For placing excavation or foundation lines, tracing tape is utilized. This tape is roughly 1 inch broad and
composed of cotton fabric. It generally comes in a length of 200 feet.

Carpenter’s level

The carpenter’s level is being used to sight level lines as well as level a surface. It can be utilized with
a straightedge or immediately on the surface.

Line Level

The presence of a spirit bubble on the line level shows that it must be level. When it is put midway
between the spots to be leveled, it gives the best results.

Automatic Level

An automated level can generate grades across short distances by measuring estimated changes in
elevation. The landscape, level bubble, as well as index line may all be seen in the tube.

8d Nails

8d nails are used to secure the string line to a batter board.

Plumbing Bob

Corners of a building measurement are located using a plumbing bob.

Framing Square

Proper squareness of lines is checked using a framing square.

 CHAPTER 4

Method Of Layout Of Building

For the simplest building layout, as in a rectangle, a line connected to corner posts marks the building’s
outline, a line can be attached to a nail on top of the post.

To cut off 90-degree angles for the remaining corners, utilize a theodolite, builder’s square, or site
square. Ranging rods can be required to create a straight line between corner posts.

Foundation Layout Plan

The corner posts are generally 50 mm x 50mm wood posts with a nail in
the middle driven firmly into the ground.

Dried lime or a similar powder can be used to draw the outline on

the ground. Timber profile boards can be used at the corners.

The profile board is generally 0.6 m -1m tall and made up of two 50 mm x 50mm posts and
a 150 mm X 38mm cross-board pushed a minimum of 600mm into the ground.
When a building’s shape is more complicated than a conventional rectangle, a range of points
must be established in the same manner that a conventional rectangle must be laid out.

However, extreme caution is needed, as the number of points increases, small mistakes are
more likely to happen.

The simplest approach to laying out an irregular building form is to

start with a big rectangle that will surround the entire structure or a major portion of
it. After that, deductions, as well as adjustments, can be done to get the exact layout needed.

The layout of a building is created in three stages,

 Trenches
 Reduced Level Excavations
 Framed Building
Trenches

The trench plan determines the direction, size, and shape of the excavation, and also
the breadth and location of walls.

Trenches are excavated once the building outline has just been established.
For correct hand excavation, a line of dots of dried lime powder is often marked, whereas
a centerline is drawn for exact machine excavation.
 Foundation Trenches
To manage trench location, breadth, and depth, outline profile boards are often utilized.

The profile boards must be placed at least 2 meters away from trench sites so that they do
not disrupt excavation activity.

To indicate a top of the concrete strips that will be poured later, pegs are frequently
hammered into the bottom of the trench.

A corner of walls is relocated from crossing cord lines to mortar locations on

the concrete foundations utilizing a spirit level for accuracy.

Trench cutting should be done with extreme caution, particularly whether they have to be left
open for a lengthy period of time since the sides may cave in.

Reduced Level Excavations

A baseline can be used to draw the overall outline of a lower–level area. The corner
post is secured to an excavation area’s outline, which is defined with dried sand or equivalent
material.
Foundation Marking on Construction Site
The sight rails are set at an appropriate height and within locations that enable a traveler to
be utilized to control the depth of the excavation.

The traveler is indeed a fixed–height profile board that is used to manage

excavation levels within profile boards.

By positioning the traveler in the sightline between two–level boards, it is necessary to

assess whether or not the excavation is conducted to correct levels

Framed Building

Framed structures are generally connected to

a grid and are often laid out through a baseline. Gridline crossings indicate the center
locations for isolated or pad foundations.

The theodolite is used to draw out the grid,

as well as pegs are used to indicate grid intersections. After the grid has just been laid
out, offset pegs could be installed out of the way of any future excavation operations.

A traveler seen between sight rails or even a level with staff tied to a site datum can
be used to control excavation depth.
The building layout is one of the important and preliminary steps in any building
construction project. The foundation marking and building layout should be done with high
accuracy because they can not be changed after work has been processed.
 CONCLUSION

The modern office is a work in progress. The office, work format, and worker are still
evolving in the new economy, and values are shifting. Productionbased value assessments are
on the decline as increasing emphasis is given to the knowledge worker. This fundamental
shift, which has seen graphic acceleration due to technological advances such as the Internet,
requires the interior designer to invest time at the beginning of each project to understand the
true nature of the client. Often, after completing the strategic planning, the direction of the
project and preconceived notions of the design are changed from that of the initial direction.
It is important to remember that this is a preliminary phase of the project and can be
reevaluated throughout the duration of the project. For example, while working on
AmSouth’s corporate headquarters facility, the departmental requirements changed
dramatically, decreasing their required space allocation from a full four-story building to only
half of that building. From the programming and workplace analysis, the designers had
already determined that the offices should be designed as movable partitions to provide
flexibility in the design. Since the offices were an open office format as opposed to a closed
office format, the designer was only required to redesign and relocate the movable partitions
and furniture and did not need to redesign the walls, plumbing, HVAC, electrical, or
telecommunications systems, which resulted in a cost savings for the rework of $2.5–$3
million. Thus, we are brought back to the driving force of the design—the client. It is
imperative that we, as interior designers, take into account in any design the unique nature of
each organization and its precious resources and staff. If the design reflects the corporate
culture and creates an energizing workplace environment, it will succeed for its client, even
when unforeseen obstacles are encountered at a later stage of the project.
 REFERENCE

https://kendallsquare.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/MIT_Vol_III_S
oMa_Final_DevPlan-09-SecE.pdf

https://civiconcepts.com/house-plans-free-download

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Site_layout_plan_for_construction

https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-C13-
9f0048221f7c7a0e0a272f3d79c30c24/pdf/GOVPUB-C13-
9f0048221f7c7a0e0a272f3d79c30c24.pdf