DESIGN OF SLAB BRIDGE

DESIGN DATA AND SPECIFICATION

BRIDGE TYPE: SLAB BRIDGE -TOTAL SPAN LENGTH 5m 1 lb = 0.454 Kg =4.54 N
- C/C DISTANCE 4.6 m
-CLEAR SPAN 4.6 m 1 PSI = 6.897 KPA = 6897 X 10-3 MPA

ROAD WAY: CLEAR ROAD WAY WIDTH ( X ) 7.32 m 1ft = 0.3048m

CURBS FOR WALK ( 2*W ) 2*1.34= 2.68 m
TOTAL WIDTH ( TW ) 10 m 1 in = 2.54 cm = 0.0254 m = 0.0833 ft

LIVE LOAD: AASHTO HS-20-44 TRUCK 1lbft = 1.385 N-m

REAR AXLE LOAD , P= 145 KN
LANE LOAD IN THE TRANSVERSE DIRECTION = 9.3 KN/3m OR 3.1 KN/m
DESIGN TANDEM AXLE LOAD = 110 KN

(TANSVERSE SPACING OF WHEELS SHOULD BE TAKEN AS 1.8m)

WEARING SURFACE: 1.1 KN/m2

MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
CONCRETE:- C25 (CUBIC STRENGTH) - CLASS A CONCRETE
TAKING fc' =3000 PSI = fc' = 20.69MPA (CYLINDERICAL STRENGTH) =
fc =0.4*20.69= 8.276 MPA (ALLOWABLE CONCRETE STRESS)
Ec = 5700*SQU. OF fc' (fc' IN PSI) = 0.043*gc*1.5*SQU OF fc' (fc' IN MPA)
= 22610 WHERE gc=24000 KN/m3

REINFORCEMENT:- STEEL S 400

fyk= 400MPA (GRADE 60)
Es= 200000 MPA
ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8-15-2-2 THE TENSILE RENFORSMENT fs,SHALL NOT EXCEED THE FOLLOWING
GRADE 40 REINF.----------20 X 103 PSI = 137.94 MPA
GRADE 60 REINF.----------24 X 103 PSI = 165.53 MPA

MODULAR RATIO: n= ES/EC = 9

REFERENCE:- AASHTO STANDARED SPECIFICATIONNS FOR HIGH WAY BRIDGES (1992 EDITION)

DESIGN METHODS:- WORKING STRESS DESIGN METHOD

 CROSSECTIONAL DIMENTIONS

TW TW = 10 m
W= 1.34 m
c x c C= 0.05 m
W W
X= 7.32 m

CALCULATION
1 DEPTH DETERMINATION (AASHTO ARTICLE 8.9.2)

D= 1.2(s+10)/30 WHERE D= DEPTH OF SLAB IN FEET

S= SPAN LENGTH IN FEET

={
CLEAR SPAN + d
S C/C OF SUPPORT (WHICH EVER IS GREATER)

ASSUMED DEPTH D= 0.760 m

CONCRETE COVER= 0.025 m
REINF.DIAM. USED= Ø30= 0.03 m

={
5.320 m = 17.454 ft
S 4.600 m = 15.092 ft

THERE FORE USE S= 5.32 m = 17.454 ft

Þ D= 1.098 ft = 0.33472 m ( MINIMUM DEPTH REQUIRED FOR

THERE FORE USE D= 0.760 m DEFLECTION AND DEFORMATION )
 Þ d= 0.72 m
2 LOADING
2.1DEAD LOAD
TAKING SLAB WIDTH , b= 1 m

RC SLAB SUPER STRUCTURE = 25 KN/m3 X D X b = 19 KN/m

WEARING SURFACE = γXb= 1.1 KN/m

w= 20.1 KN/m

E (DITRIBUTION WIDTH)

TS (TO TAL SPAN)

THE SUPPORTS
X-SECTION

TW ( TOTAL WIDTH)

S (SPAN LENGTH CALCULATED) = 5.32

w (DISTRIBUTED DL PER UNIT WIDTH) = 20.10
R (REACTION ON THE SUPPORTS) = 53.47

* Moment And Shear Force Distribution Due To Dead Load

Moment due to dead load MDL (x) = Rx-wx2/2 Shear force due to dead load VDL (x) = R-wx

POSITION OF FORCE
ACTIONS COSIDERED 0.00 CD 0.05 CD 0.10 CD 0.15 CD 0.20CD 0.25CD 0.30 CD 0.35 CD 0.40 CD 0.45 CD 0.50 CD

X (m) 0.000 0.266 0.532 0.798 1.064 1.330 1.596 1.862 2.128 2.394 2.660
 VDL ( X ) (KN) 53.466 48.119 42.773 37.426 32.080 26.733 21.386 16.040 10.693 5.347 0.000

MDL ( X ) ( KN - m) 0.000 13.511 25.600 36.266 45.510 53.332 59.732 64.710 68.265 70.399 71.110

2.2 LIVE LOAD

2.2.1 H - S - 20 - 44 TRUCK LOADING (DESIGN TRUCK)
WHEEL LOAD , P = 16000 lb = 72.6 KN

* Infulence Line For Bending Moments

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 3.24.3.2 - FOR WHEEL LOADS THE DISTRIBUTION WIDTH E, SHALL BE 4+0.06S BUT SHALL NOT EXCEED 7ft (2.135m)
- LANE LOADS ARE DISTRIBUTED OVER AWIDTH OF 2E

THERE FORE; E= 4+0.06S = 5.047 ft

= 1.538 m

Þ P' = P/E= 47.192 KN/m

FOR LOADING CASE -1 MLL ( X ) = p' XY/S {1+ (Y-4.27)/Y +(Y-8.54)/4Y}

FOR LOADING CASE - 2 MLL ( X ) = p' XY/S {1+ (Y-4.27)/Y +(Y-8.54)/4Y}

IMPACT FACTOR , I = 15.24 /(S+38.10) < 30% WHERE S IS IN ft

 THERE FORE; I = 0.274 < 0.300
TAKE I = 0.3

Þ MLL+ I = ( 1+I ) X MLL = 1.300 XMLL

* Infulence Line For Bending Moments

LOADING CASE WHICH CREATES MAXIMUM SHEAR

FOR THIS LOADING CASE THE SHEAR FORCE AT DISTANCE X,

VLL( X ) = P' ( S - X ) / S + P' ( S - X - 4.27 ) / S + P'/4 ( S - X - 8.54 ) / S

VLL+I ( X ) = 1.300 VLL( X )

* The Maximum Moment And Shear Force For Design

( For The Live Load Type , HS - 20 - 44) )

Mmax = MDLmax + MLL+I ( max )

= 152.70455 KN-m/m

Vmax= VDLmax + VLL+I ( max )

 = 126.9239 KN / m

2.2.2 DESIGN TANDEM AXLE LOAD

WHERE AXLE LOAD = 110 KN

WHEEL LOAD = 55 KN
TAKING ADISTRIBUTION WIDTH OF, E= 1.538 KN/m

P' = WHEEL LOAD / E = 35.751 KN / m

M ( X ) = P' XY / S* {1+( Y-2)/Y }

V ( X ) = P' / S* ( 2Y-1.2 )

* The Maximum Moment And Shear Force For Design

( For The Live Load Type , Design Tandem)

Mmax = MDLmax + MLL+I ( max )

= 159.498 KN-m/m

Vmax= VDLmax + VLL+I ( max )

= 128.990 KN / m

2.2.3 LANE LOADING

SINCE LANE LOADING GIVES MAXIMUM SHEAR FORCE AND MOMENT FOR LONG SPAN BRIDGES WE DIDN'T CONSIDER HERE.
 ( i.e IT WILLNOT BE A GOVERNING LOADING CASE)

* Design Moment and shear

Comparing the results (i.e Mmax & Vmax ) in the two live load types ,HS-20-44 & DESIGN TANDEM LOAD ,WE GET THAT

Mmax ( design moment ) = 159.498 KN-m/m

Vmax (design shearforce) = 128.990 KN / m

DEPTH CHEKING FOR SHEAR

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.15.5.2.1

SHEAR STRESS CARRIED BY CONCRETE :- vc =0.95 ( f'c)1/2 IN PSI

THERE FORE ; TAKING f'c = 20.96 MPA = 3000 PSI

vc = 52.034 PSI
= 0.359 MPA

Vacting = Vmax / bd = 0.179 MPA

Þ Vc > Vacting THERE FORE IT IS OK

3 REINFORCEMENT

K = n*fc / ( n*fc +fs ) = 0.307 WHERE fs = 165.53 MPA

j = 1 -K / 3 = 0.897
Þ R= K j fc /2 = 1.138

EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d rquired = ( M / Rb )1/2 = 374.344 mm

d used = 720.000 mm

Þ dused >drequired----------OK!

3.1 STEEL AREA CALCULATION

Main Reinforcement

AS = M / fsJd ; where M= 159.498 KN-m/m

 fs= 165.53 MPA
j= 0.897
d= 720.000 mm
Þ AS = 1491.94740572174 mm2/m

IF REINF.USED IS SPACING ( S )
Ø32 538.79 mm WHERE S = ( as / As)*1000
Ø30 473.54 mm
Ø28 412.51 mm
Ø24 303.07 mm
Ø20 210.46 mm
Ø18 170.48 mm

THERE FORE ; USE Ø30 C/C 125 mm

Distribution Reinforcement

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 3.24.10.2 IN CASE OF SLAB BRIDGE THE MAIN REINFORCEMENT IS PARALLEL TO TRAFFIC
AND PERCENT OF DISTRIBUTION REINORCEMENT = 100 / ( S )1/2 < OR = 50% WHERE S = ,IN ft

DISTRIBUTION REINFORCEMENT IN PERCENTAGE = 23.936 < 50

THERE FORE USE 24 %

As MAIN PROVIDED = (as / sused) * 1000 = 5654.800 mm2/m W/R as = 706.85 mm2

Þ AS DISTRIBUTION = 1353.533 mm2/m

IF REINF.USED IS SPACING ( S )
Ø20 231.99 mm
Ø18 187.91 mm
Ø16 148.47 mm
Ø14 663.23 mm
Ø12 83.51 mm
Ø10 58.00 mm

THERE FORE ; USE Ø16 C/C 220 mm

 CHECK FOR STEEL RATIO

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.16.3.1 THE RATIO OF THE REINFORCEMENT r PROVIDED SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.75 OF THE RATIO rb
THAT WOULD PRODUCE BALANCED STRAIN CONDITIONS FOR THE SECTION.

Asteel provided = 5654.800 mm2/m

r =As / bd = 0.0079

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.16.3.2.2 THE BALANCED REINFORCEMENT RATIO , rb IS GIVEN BY

rb = (0.85 b1f'c/fy) * (87000/(87000+fy))

ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 8.16.2.7 b1 = 0.85 FOR CONCERET STRENGTH , fc' = 20.963000 PSI
MPAUPTO AND INCLUDING
( 3000PSI 4000PSI
) UPTO AND INCLUDING 4000PSI

rb = 0.0377

rmax = 0.75*rb = 0.0283

r < r max THERE FORE IT IS OK

MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT

ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 8.17.1.1 AT ANY SECTION OF AFLEXURAL MEMBER WHERE TENSION REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED BY ANALYSIS ,THE REINFORCEMENT
PROVIDED SHALL BE ADEQUATE TO DEVELOPE AMOMENT AT LEAST 1.2 TIMES THE CRACKING MOMENT CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF THE MODULUS
OF RUPTURE FOR NORMAL WEIGHT CONCRETE SPECIFIED IN ARTICLE 8.15.2.1.1

i.e fMN > 1.2Mcr WHERE f = 0.9 , FOR FLEXURE ( ARTICLE 8.16.1.2.2 )
MN = As fy (d - a/2) W/R a = Asfy / 0.85fc'b
Mcr = fr *s W/R s = b D2 / 6 , fr =7.5(fc')1/2
fy = 60000 PSI
fc' = 3000 PSI
d= 28.35 in
b= 39.37 in
As = 8.76 in2
D= 29.92 in
 Þ a= 5.238
s= 5874.55
fr = 410.792
THERE FORE
fMN = 12176.920 klb-in
1.2Mcr = 2895.862 klb-in
fMN > 1.2Mcr THERE FORE IT IS OK!
SHRINKAGE AND TEMPRTURE REINFORCEMENT

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.20.1 THE TOTAL AREA OF REINFORCEMENT PROVIDED SHALL BE ATLEAST 1/8 in2/ft IN EACH DIRECTION

As = 1/8 in2/ft = 264.41mm2/m

USING Ø12 ,SPACING = a/As*1000 = 427.4 mm

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8-20-2 THE SPACING OF SHIRINKAGE AND TEMPRATURE REINFORCEMENT SHOULD BE

S SHOULD BE = { < 3D =
< 18in =
2280
457.2
mm
mm

TAKING THE MINIMUM OF THE THREE SPACING VALUES

Smin = 427.4 mm
USE S = 420 mm

THERE FORE PROVIDE Ø12 C / C 420 mm IN BOTH DIRECTION

4 DESIGN OF EDGE BEAMS

c
C= 0.00 m
W= 1.34 m
50mm M
w G= 1.34 m
E= 0.00 m
L= 0.76 m
N N= 0.00 m
M= 0.85 m
L

G E
 50mm M
w

G E

DEAD LOAD
CURBS = { 0.5*( W+G )*L + 0.5*( W+ (W-C) )*N } * 25 = 25.460 KN / m

RAILING AND POSTS @ 1 KN / m

TOTAL DEAD LOAD OF THE ADGE BEAM PER METER WIDTH OF THE SPAN ( w ) = 26.460 KN / m

WHERE S = 5.32 m

THERE FORE MDL = W S2 / 8 = 93.610 KN - m /m

LIVE LOAD
ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 3.24.8.2 THE EDGE BEAM OF ASINGLE SPAN SHALL BE DESIGNED TO RESIST ALIVE LOAD
MOMENT OF 0.10PS WHERE P = WHEEEL LOAD IN (lb)
S= SPAN LENGTH IN (ft)
THERE FORE
MLL = 0.10PS = 27926.509 lbft
= 38.678 KN-m
 MTOT = MDL + MLL+I = 143.892 KN-m

dreq =(M/Rb)1/2 = 355.559 mm

dused =( N+L-Concrete Cover-Rein.diam.Used ) = 744.975 mm IF f 30 IS USED

Þ dused >drequired----------OK!

As = M / fsjd = 1300.845 mm2/mm

Asmin = pbd = 1489.950 mm2/mm
Asmin > As provided
Þ Asmin< Aprovided----------NOT OK!

IF REINF.USED IS SPACING ( S )
Ø32 617.94 mm WHERE S = ( as / As)*1000
Ø30 543.11 mm
Ø28 473.11 mm
Ø24 347.59 mm
Ø20 241.38 mm
Ø18 195.52 mm

THERE FORE ; USE Ø30 C/C 130 mm

DESIGN OF SHEAR FOR EDGE BEAMS

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.15.5.1.1 : THE DESIGN SHEAR STRESS , v ,SHALL BE COMPUTED BY:
v = Vacting / bwd WHERE bw = THE WIDTH OF THE WEB ( IN OUR CASE, = b )

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.15.5.3.1 : WHERE Vacting > Vc ,SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED .

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.15.5.3.2 : WHEN SHEAR REINFORCEMENT PERPENDICULAR TO THE AXIS OF THE MEMBER IS USED

Av =( v - vc )bwS / fs
Þ S = Avfs / (v-vc)bw

IF Vacting IS LESS THAN VC,NOSHEAR REINFORCEMENT DESIGN IS REQUIRED. BUT ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 18.9.1.1, AMINIMUM AREA OF SHEAR
REINFORCEMENT SHALL BE PROVIDED IN ALL FLEXURE MEMBERS EXCEPT SLABS AND FOOTINGS ( IN SOME CASE)

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.19.1.2 : WHERE SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IS REQUIRED BY ARTICLE 8-19-1-1 OR BY ANALYSIS, THE AREA PROVIDED
SHALL NOT LESS THAN
 Av = 50bwS / fy , WHERE bw & SARE IN in

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.19.3 SPACING OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT PLACED PERPENDICULAR TO THE MEMBER SHALL NOT EXCEED
d/2 OR 24"

CLCULATION

Vacting (V) = ws / 2 = 70.384 KN/m

SHEAR STRESS, vacting = V/bd = 0.0945 MPA

ACCORDING TO AASHTO ARTICLE 8.15.5.2.1 ALLOWABLE SHEAR STRESS IS GIVEN BY

vc = 0.95( fc' )1/2 = 52.034 PSI WHERE fc' = 3000 PSI

0.3589 MPA
vc > vacting
Þ NO SHEAR DESIGN IS REQUIRED RATHER PROVIDE MINIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT AT MINNIMUM SPACING

USING f 12 Av ( in2 ) = 0.171

bw ( in ) = 39.370

SPACING, S = Avfy / 50bw = 10.401 in = 264.193 mm

S SHALL NOT EXCEED { d /2 =

24" =
372.488
609.600
mm
mm

MINIMUM OF THE THREE SPACINGS S = 264.193 mm

THERE FORE ; USE S = Ø12 C/C 265 mm

 P'= 47.192 KN/m
S= 5.32 m

a b c d e f
x y (y-4.27)/y (y-8.54)/4y (x-4.27)/4x 1+c+d

0.00S 0.000 5.320 0.197 -0.151 0.000 1.197

0.05S 0.266 5.054 0.155 -0.172 0.000 1.155

0.10S 0.532 4.788 0.108 -0.196 0.000 1.108

0.15S 0.798 4.522 0.056 -0.222 0.000 1.056

0.20S 1.064 4.256 -0.003 -0.252 0.000 1.000

0.25S 1.330 3.990 -0.070 0.000 0.000 1.000

0.30S 1.596 3.724 -0.147 0.000 0.000 1.000

0.35S 1.862 3.458 -0.235 0.000 0.000 1.000

0.40S 2.128 3.192 -0.338 0.000 -0.252 1.000

0.45S 2.394 2.926 -0.459 0.000 -0.196 1.000

0.50S 2.660 2.660 -0.605 0.000 -0.151 1.000

P'= 47.192
S= 5.32

a b c d e
x y=s-x y/s (y-4.27)/s (y-8.54)/4y

0.00S 0.000 5.320 1.000 0.197 -0.151

0.05S 0.266 5.054 0.950 0.147 -0.172

0.10S 0.532 4.788 0.900 0.097 -0.196

0.15S 0.798 4.522 0.850 0.047 -0.222

0.20S 1.064 4.256 0.800 -0.003 -0.252

0.25S 1.330 3.990 0.750 -0.053 0.000

0.30S 1.596 3.724 0.700 -0.103 0.000

0.35S 1.862 3.458 0.650 -0.153 0.000

0.40S 2.128 3.192 0.600 -0.203 0.000

0.45S 2.394 2.926 0.550 -0.253 0.000

0.50S 2.660 2.660 0.500 -0.303 0.000

W/R COLUMN ( I ) IS MOMENT FOR LOADING CASE-1
W/R COLUMN ( J ) IS MOMENT FOR LOADING CASE-2

g h I j MAX. MLL
MLL+I M DL MLL+I +M DL
1+c+e p'xy/s f*h g*h MAX of (I or j)

1.197 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

1.155 11.925 13.775 13.775 13.775 17.908 13.511 31.419

1.108 22.595 25.040 25.040 25.040 32.552 25.600 58.152

1.056 32.010 33.794 33.794 33.794 43.932 36.266 80.198

1.000 40.170 40.170 40.170 40.170 52.221 45.510 97.731

1.000 47.074 47.074 47.074 47.074 61.196 53.332 114.528

1.000 52.723 52.723 52.723 52.723 68.540 59.732 128.272

1.000 57.116 57.116 57.116 57.116 74.251 64.710 138.961

1.000 60.255 60.255 60.255 60.255 78.331 68.265 146.596

1.000 62.138 62.138 62.138 62.138 80.779 70.399 151.178

1.000 62.765 62.765 62.765 62.765 81.595 71.110 152.705

KN/m
m

f d e
c+d+e VLL VLL+I VDL VLL+I +VDL (y-4.27)/s (y-8.54)/4y

1.197 56.506 73.458 53.466 126.924 0.197 0.000

1.097 51.787 67.323 48.119 115.442 0.147 0.000

0.997 47.068 61.188 42.773 103.961 0.097 0.000

0.897 42.349 55.053 37.426 92.479 0.047 0.000

0.800 37.754 49.080 32.080 81.159 0.000 0.000

0.750 35.394 46.012 26.733 72.745 0.000 0.000

0.700 33.034 42.945 21.386 64.331 0.000 0.000

0.650 30.675 39.877 16.040 55.917 0.000 0.000

0.600 28.315 36.810 10.693 47.503 0.000 0.000

0.550 25.956 33.742 5.347 39.089 0.000 0.000

0.500 23.596 30.675 0.000 30.675 0.000 0.000

 c d e
(y-4.27)/y (y-8.54)/4y (x-4.27)/4x

0.197 0.000 0.000

0.155 0.000 0.000

0.108 0.000 0.000

0.056 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000

 FOR TANDEM DESIGN P'= 32.74 KN/m
LOAD S= 5.32 m

a b c
MLL+I M DL
x y 1+(y-1.2)/y p'xy/s

0.00S 0.000 5.320 1.774 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.05S 0.266 5.054 1.763 8.273 18.957 13.511

0.10S 0.532 4.788 1.749 15.676 35.650 25.600

0.15S 0.798 4.522 1.735 22.208 50.078 36.266

0.20S 1.064 4.256 1.718 27.868 62.243 45.510

0.25S 1.330 3.990 1.699 32.658 72.143 53.332

0.30S 1.596 3.724 1.678 36.577 79.778 59.732

0.35S 1.862 3.458 1.653 39.625 85.150 64.710

0.40S 2.128 3.192 1.624 41.802 88.257 68.265

0.45S 2.394 2.926 1.590 43.109 89.099 70.399

0.50S 2.660 2.660 1.549 43.544 87.678 71.110

P'= 32.74 KN/m

S= 5.32 m

a b c
VLL+I V DL
x y 2*Y-1.2 p'/s

0.00S 0.000 5.320 9.440 6.154 75.524 53.466

0.05S 0.266 5.054 8.908 6.154 71.267 48.119

0.10S 0.532 4.788 8.376 6.154 67.011 42.773

0.15S 0.798 4.522 7.844 6.154 62.755 37.426

0.20S 1.064 4.256 7.312 6.154 58.499 32.080

0.25S 1.330 3.990 6.780 6.154 54.243 26.733

0.30S 1.596 3.724 6.248 6.154 49.986 21.386

0.35S 1.862 3.458 5.716 6.154 45.730 16.040

0.40S 2.128 3.192 5.184 6.154 41.474 10.693

0.45S 2.394 2.926 4.652 6.154 37.218 5.347

0.50S 2.660 2.660 4.120 6.154 32.962 0.000

MLL+I +M DL

0.000

32.468

61.249

86.344

107.753

125.475

139.510

149.859

156.522

159.498

158.788

VLL+I +V DL

128.990

119.387

109.784

100.181

90.578
80.976

71.373

61.770

52.167
42.564

32.962
DISTANCE MOMENT DIAGRAMS FOR MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE FOR
( m) ( KN-m/m)
0.000 0.000
H-S-20 LIVE LOAD TYPE
0.266 31.419

M O M E N T (K N -m /m )
0.532 58.152
0.798 80.198
1.064 97.731
1.330 114.528
1.596 128.272
1.862 138.961
MOMENT DIAGRAM
2.128 146.596
2.394 151.178
200
2.660 152.705
150

100

50

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
DISTANCE (m)
SHEAR FORCE ( KN )

DISTANCE SHEAR
( m) FORCE ( KN)
0.00 126.92
0.27 115.44
0.53 103.96
0.80 92.48
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
1.06 81.16
1.33 72.75 140.00
1.60 64.33 120.00
1.86 55.92 100.00
2.13 47.50
80.00
2.39 39.09
60.00
2.66 30.67
40.00
20.00
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
DISTANCE ( m )
RCE FOR THE
TYPE

GRAM

2 2.5 3 3.5 4
NCE (m)

DIAGRAM

2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00

NCE ( m )
 MOMENT
DISTANCE ( KN-
( m) m/m)
0.000 0.000
0.266 32.468
0.532 61.249
0.798 86.344 MOMENT DIAGRAMS FOR TANDEM LIVE LOAD TYPE
1.064 107.753
1.330 125.475
1.596 139.510
1.862 149.859
2.128 156.522
2.394 159.498
2.660 158.788
MOMENT (KN m/m)

MOMENT DIAGRAM
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03
DISTANCE ( m )
 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03
DISTANCE ( m )

DISTANCE SHEAR FORCE

( m) ( KN)
0.00 128.99
0.27 119.39 SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAMS FOR TANDEM LIVE LOAD TYPE
0.53 109.78
0.80 100.18
1.06 90.58
1.33 80.98
1.60 71.37
1.86 61.77
2.13 52.17
2.39 42.56
2.66 32.96
SHEAR FORCE ( KN )

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50
DISTANCE ( m )
2.00 2.50 3.00
0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50
DISTANCE ( m )
2.00 2.50 3.00