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LABORATORY SETUP FOR LONG

TRANSMISSION LINE
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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

LABORATORY SETUP FOR LONG TRANSMISSION LINE

Mr.Vinayak Gaikwad1, Suyash Tripathi2, Yash Wanjari2,

Ankesh Thakre2, Diksha Dakare2, Jayant Shendre2

1Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

2Students, Department of Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - - Transmission lines happen to be one of the entire length of km using seven π sections consisting of
important subjects in electrical power system curriculum. calculated lumped parameters i.e. R, L & C. Thus each π
Unfortunately, the theoretical concepts learned in the class section represents 50 km long length. In order to verify the
room cannot be verified in a laboratory. The development of performance of transmission line the SIMULINK model of
laboratory model to perform experiments is very much transmission line is developed. The performance of
essential. So in this regard the designing and development of transmission line model was then tested & a laboratory
laboratory model for transmission line is carried out. panel is then prepared for performing various experiments
Moreover, the MATLAB based simulation of the designed line related to transmission line.
and online monitoring of model is also presented. This in- The idea about this model was taken from [5] which
house made demo model will be helpful for finding out voltage discuss the steps involved in the design & development of a
regulation as well as to observe voltage profile on laboratory model of transmission line. Moreover, the
transmission line. This model will not only be used to observe MATLAB based simulation of the designed line is also
Ferranti effect but also to do online monitoring of parameters. presented.
In future work, this model will be helpful for designing
protection system and various other applications such as 2. Design of transmission line model
development of FACTS controllers.
This work includes developing a scaled down
Key Words: Transmission line, laboratory model, laboratory model of transmission line. This transmission line
fabrication & testing, MATLAB simulation; experiments model will be put in practice to perform different power
system experiments.
1. INTRODUCTION This scaled down model is developed from the
actual parameters of KORADI-BHUSAWAL transmission line
Transmission line is one of the major parts of power system. of 400kV and 351km long. These double circuit line having
Electrical power system is vast subject having various power handling capacity of 750 MVA. These parameters are
theoretical concepts. These concepts of power system cannot scaled down to 7.188 KVA and 415 VOLTS in a single circuit
be cleared therefore experiments should be perform on design. For developing this model for transmission line
laboratory basis to conceptualize this knowledge. This parameters such as series resistance and inductance, shunt
project is a laboratory setup to perform various power capacitance given in per km are used.
system experiments on demonstration level. The main It is decided to represent entire length of 351km
objective of this project is to study Ferranti effect and to find using π sections consisting of resistance, inductance and
various parameters regarding transmission line. shunt capacitances. Thus each π section is representing
This in-house made demo model will be used to find 50km line length. By using the following data the various
out voltage regulation as well as to observe voltage profile quantities related to transmission line model is calculated.
on transmission line. This project also highlights the design,
fabrication, online monitoring/automation and testing of A) Actual Transmission Line Ratings
transmission line.
We have done design, fabrication and testing of The ratings of actual transmission line are as follows:
transmission line and explain the performance of long MVA rating: - 375MVA
transmission line with an experimental study on demo Voltage rating of the line: 400kV
model. In this scaled down laboratory model of transmission Resistance: . Ω/Km
line the real line parameters of KORADI-BHUSAVAL line are Inductive Reactance: . Ω/Km
used. The parameters of the actual transmission line are 351 Capacitive Reactance: 0.296×
km; 375MVA & 400kV are scaled down to 415 volts and 10 Frequency: 50Hz
Amp. For developing these model parameters, positive 1) The current in the line is calculated as:
sequence components of transmission line which is given in
per kilometer length are used. It is decided to represent

© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1545
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Current (I), Iph= �=

I =10 Amp
=
=541.26 Amp Base impedance (Z) :
2) Base Impedance (Z) Z= =
Zph=
Z = 23.9Amp

= D) The actual values of Resistances & Reactance’s

Zph = 546.67
In the scaled down model
3) Series Inductance (The subscript SD stands for scale down)
XL= πfL 1) �SD = �PU × �
L= XL = 6.32 23.9
= . mΩ/km
L=
=1.0631 mH 2)LSD = �PU × �
=6.32
4) Shunt Capacitance = . Ω/km
Xc= �SD =XLSD
C= =
= =5.92
=1.075 F
3) CSD =
5) Shunt Admittance
Y=ωC =
= π =0.192
= 3.37 Ʊ/km
The Line Parameter for each Section.
6) Propagation Constant RL = RSD 50
=1.51
= = . Ω
=3.38 LL =LSD 50
B) Per unit values:- =5.92
=2.99mH
Per unit values of Resistance CL = CSD 50
=0.192
�PU = � =9.64
=0.027 CL/2=
=6.32 =4.82
Per unit values of Reactance

XLPU=XL

=0.334
=7.8281

C)Scaled down model for 7.188 KVA and 415 Volt

Current (I) = Fig1.Model of transmission line

© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1546
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Therefore,
3.HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION:

3.1 Inductor C = 0.0107 μF/Km

Type - Laminated Core Scaled Down Calculations for 415V, 10A, 7.188KVA

Construction of inductor: Z = = 23.78 Ω/ph.

XLSD = Z×XLPU = 18.77mΩ/Km/ph.
The construction of inductor is done according to the rating LSD = = 0.0598mH/Km
required. The calculation for rating of the required inductor γ = √LC = . × -6
is done as follows: CSD = γ2/LSD =0.191μF/Km/phase
As per the collected data: Line parameters for 50Km Line Model:
(Total line distance=351 km)
The positive sequence inductive reactance (XL) is found to be
= . Ω/Km/phase Thus for a section of km transmission line of a π model
Since Inductance of a coil is given by; having two distributed capacitance value is found to be;
L=
Where f is the supply frequency = 50 Hz CL = 50 × = 4.784 μF/ph.
Therefore L =
= 1.063 mH/km Thus finally the capacitor having a value of 4.784μF/ph is
used in this model.
Scaled Down Calculations for 415V, 10A, 7.188KVA
3.3 Contactor
Z = V/I = 23.78 Ω/ph.
XLSD = Z×XLpu = 18.77mΩ/Km/ph. Rating of contactor used in laboratory setup of long
transmission line is given as follows:
LSD = = 0.0598mH/Km
MNX 18 contactor manufactured by L &T,
Line parameters for 50Km Line Model: Ue: 415 V (Ac voltage), AC-3,
(Total line distance=351 km) Power rating: 9.3 kW
Ith10 A
LL = 50×LSD=2.99 MH/ph. Temperature rating: suitable for ˚c
Thus finally the inductor having a value of 2.99 mH/ph is
used in this model. Auxiliary Contact:

3.2 Capacitor Ie: 4 A, AC -15

50 Hz/60 Hz
Type-Electrolyte Capacitor
The analysis of the requirement of capacitor for the 3.4 Miniature circuit Breaker (MCB):
laboratory setup for long transmission line is done as
follows: Rating of Miniature circuit breaker used in The Laboratory
Setup for Long Transmission Line:
The positive sequence capacitive reactance (XC) is found to
Current Rating: The breaking current rating of a MCB is 15
be = 0.296×106 Ω/Km/phase
kA
Since capacitance of a coil is given by;
Voltage rating: 415 Volts (AC)
Class used – C 10

3.5 Current Transformer (CT):

CT Ratio – 20A/5A
Where f is the supply frequency = 50 Hz
3.6 NOVA Meter:

© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1547
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072



Manufactured by L&T Y phase active power
B phase active power
This panel meter measures voltage, current and kWh energy
in a 3 phase 4 wire system. The meter has an LCD display 3.7 PLC
with backlight, thus enabling ease of reading.
COMPONENTS USED IN PLC:

 SMPS (SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY)

Voltage rating: 12 V DC (Regulated supply)

 PLC (ALLEN BRADLEY):

MICROLOGIX 1100

 RELAY :

Type- 8 Channel Relay

Fig.2 NOVA Meter
Features:



Class 1 accuracy


AC/DC auxiliary supply


RS 485 communication
Password protected CT/PT value programming

Table 1:-Nova Meter Technical Specification

Dimension 96X96 mm X105 mm(HXWXD)

Connection 3P 4W
Display Backlit LCD
Type kWh Meter
Measurements kWh/kW/Frequency/voltage/current
Starting Current 0.2% of rated current(5A)
Class of Accuracy Class 1.0 Fig 3.Photograph of Front View of Prototype
Current 5A (rated),10A (max)
Voltage (P-N) 3 X 240 V (-30% to +20% of Vref)
Frequency 50 Hz ± 5%
Auxiliary Supply 88V TO 300V AC/DC

DISPLAY PARAMETERS:



Cumulative energy


Total active power


Frequency


R phase voltage


Y phase voltage


B phase voltage


R phase current


Y phase current


B Phase current
R phase active power Fig 4:- Photograph of Back View of Pane

© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1548
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Table2:- list of software

SR
SOFTWARE VERSION QUANTITY
NO
Rockwell Automation
1
software
a) Boot-Dhcp Server 2.3 1
b) Rs linx CLASSIC 1
Rs Logix Micro Starter
c) 8.30.00 1
Lite
Wonderware Intouch
2
7.0
a) Window Maker 7.0 1
b) Window viewer 7.0 1

5.RESULT

The calculated scaled down values were used for MATLAB

simulation. The simulation has been carried out for results
are as tabulated below.
Fig 5:- Graphical user interface of SCADA Testing on the In-house laboratory based model is
conducted.
4. AUTOMATION
The hardware results are given below:


4.1 Advanced Transmission line Automation
Ferranti Effect
The real need for advance transmission line automation is
associated with the growing demand for reliability of power Table3:-Simulation Results
supply and desire for optimized network condition in
normal and emergency operations, one of the most
important aspects of transmission automation system is Sending end voltage Receiving end voltage
Load
featured by the electric utility dispatcher’s ability to (volts) (volts)
remotely monitor, coordinate and operate transmission line NO
415 461
components. LOAD

Transmission automation ensures power system stability, Table 4:-Hardware Results

fast load restoration, advance fault notification and fault
analysis. In addition, condition monitoring can be Sending end Receiving end
Load
implemented, reducing maintenance costs while improving voltage(volts) voltage(volts)
reliability. NO
392.4(3-ϕ Supply) 438
LOAD
In this model, automation has been done using PLC-SCADA.
NOVA meter is used for data acquisition. RS485 port has
been used for communication between PLC and NOVA meter.
After data acquisition by NOVA meter, data has been sent to
PLC which sends data to SCADA system. This system helps to
online monitoring of parameters.

For controlling transmission line, the equipment’s should be

connected as per control diagram and power diagram.
Following software are used to access online monitoring of
Laboratory setup for long transmission line model.

© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1549
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Table5:-Simulation Result of 1- ϕ De-scaled Model

INPUT 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240

VOLTAGE(Vph)
LOAD (kVA) 2.38 NO LOAD 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 1.195 1.76
POWER FACTOR 1 - 0.8(lag) 0.85(lag) 0.9(lag) 0.95(lag) 1 1
OUTPUT 242.2 257.6 212.7 215.7 219.5 225.2 252 247.5
VOLTAGE(Vph)
RECEIVING 10.7 0 8.85 8.97 9.132 9.368 5.241 7.222
CURRENT(amp)
EFFICIENCY 97.75 0 97.97 98 98 97.97 98.59 98.2
REGULATION (%) 5.97 - 17.43 16.26 14.79 12.57 2.17 3.92

6. CONCLUSION [5] Hardware Implementation of Transmission Line and

Its Study using MATLAB: International journal of
Using the actual transmission line parameters a laboratory engineering research & technology (IJERT) by authors Mr.
based de-scaled model can be fabricated. This model helps Sagar V. Chavan, Mr. Rohit V. Patil& Mr. Suraj S. Kamble on
the students/research scholars to design various laboratory January-2014.
experiments for enriching the theoretical concepts.
In this project work the Ferranti effect demonstration,
calculation of regulation of transmission line has been
conducted. The de-scaled model gives approximately same
results as that of the original transmission line.
By using the PLC-SCADA the automation can be
implemented in the laboratory based panel which helps the
students to understand the remote control & operation of
the power system.

REFERENCES

[1]Analysis and Design of Transmission Line Tower 220

kV: A Parametric Study International Journal of Engineering
Research and Technology (IJERT) by authors Dr S. A.
Halkude and Mr. P. P. Ankad on 8th of August 2014.

[2]An Experimental Setup Investigation to Study

Characteristics of Fault on Transmission System:
International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer
Scientists by authors P. Yindeesap, A. Ngaopitakkul, C.
Pothisarn and C. Jettanasen on March 18-20 2015, Hong
Kong.

[3] Study of 132 kV Transmission Line Design and

Calculation of its Parameters:International Journal of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IJEEE) by the authors
JyotideepDeka, Kamaldeep Sharma, Krishan Arora on
January – June 2016.

[4] A book of Electrical Power System Design: M. V.

Deshpande. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 01-Aug, 2001,
Edition-1.

© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1550