ELEMENTS OF DEMOGRAPHY

DEMOGRAPHY INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT RECORD (ITR)

 It is the empirical, mathematical, and statistical study of  The foundation or building block
human populations.  A document, form, or a piece of paper upon which is
 It is the quantitative study of Five Processes which are: recorded the date, name, address of patient, presenting
1. Fertility symptoms, treatment, and date of treatment.
2. Mortality  Includes the patient’s consultation record
3. Marriage  Complaints or presenting symptoms
4. Migration  Diagnosis
5. Social Mobility  Treatment given
 The five processes mentioned above determine the size,  Date, name, address of patient, etc.
composition, and distribution of population.  This record will be maintained as part of the system of
 It is simply the statistical analysis of population data. records at each health facility on all patient seen.

CENSUS Sample ITR

 The total process of collecting, compiling, and publishing
demographics, economic, and social data pertaining to all
persons in a country or delimited territory.
 It is done every 5 to 10 years.
 2 Types of Census
1. De Facto Method
2. De Jure Method

DE FACTO METHOD
 It means “existing in fact”
 Census every person in a given area at a given time TARGET CLIENT LIST (TCL)
based on where he or she is found.  Used to plan and carry out patient care and service
delivery
DE JURE METHOD  For the “targets” or “eligible”
 All persons are enumerated according to their usual place  Also used to record services delivery
of residence.  TCL to be maintained are those for:
 Prenatal
SAMPLE SURVEY  Post-partum Care
 Method of data collection where only part of the population  Family Planning
is interviewed to represent the whole.  Under one year old children
 They are like the “representative”  Sick children
 NTP TB Register
 When the sample is properly designed, it offers virtues of
 National Leprosy Control Program Form 2
speed, inexpensiveness, and better quality of data over
that of census.  Purposes of TCL
1. Help nurse/midwife plan and carry out patient
care and service delivery.
REGISTRATION SYSTEM
o This is the first and primary purpose
 Recording, compilation, and tabulation of certain events at
2. Facilitate monitoring and supervision of service
or near their times of occurrence in an annual or monthly
delivery activities.
basis.
3. To report the services delivered.
 Vital Events
4. To provide a clinic-level database which can be
 Birth, Civil Status, Death accessed for further studies.
 Vital Statistics
 Description and characteristics of vital events SUMMARY TABLE
FIELD HEALTH SERVICES AND INFORMATION  Helps the nurse and MHO get the monthly trend disease
 A form with 12-month columns retained at the facility
SYSTEM (FHSIS)
 Midwife records all monthly relevant data
 It is a network of information.
 The summary table is composed of:
 Provides the DOH with management information on
1. Health Program Accomplishment
several public health programs.
2. Morbidity Disease
 The official system of the DOH.
 It monitors the health service delivery nationwide. THE MONTHLY CONSOLIDATION TABLE
OBJECTIVES OF FHSIS  It is where the nurse at the RHU records the reported data
per indicator by each BHS or miwife.
 To provide summary of data on health service delivery
 The source document of the nurse for the quarterly form.
 To provide data which can be used for program monitoring
and evaluation purposes  The Consolidation Table shall serve as the Output Table
of the RHU as it already contains listing of BHS per
 To provide a standardized, facility-level data base
indicator.
 Which can be accessed for more in-depth studies
 To minimize the recording and reporting burden at the
service delivery level to allow more time for patient care
POPULATION SIZE
and promotive activities  Total number of people in a given area at a particular
period
COMPONENTS OF FHSIS
 They serve as the recording tools of the system
POPULATION COMPOSITION
 Description of a population according to characteristics
 It includes the following:
such as age and sex.
1. Individual Treatment Record (ITR)
2. Target Client List (TCL)
3. Summary Table SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION
4. The Monthly Consolidation Table

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 The patterns of settlement and dispersal of population CBR = Number of registered live birth in a year x 1,000
within a country. Mid-year population, July 1 of the same year
 Population Density
 Number of persons living per unit of land area.  Example:
VITAL STATISTICS  The Philippines registered a total of 1,516,042
 The application of statistical measures to vital events like livebirths in 2020. If its midyear population was
births, deaths and common illnesses. 108,907,503, what was its CBR?
 Answer:
 Use of Vital Statistics
 Indices of the health and illness status of the
community CRUDE DEATH RATE
 Serves as bases for planning, implementing,  A measure of one mortality from all causes which may
monitoring, and evaluating community health result in a decrease of population.
nursing programs and services. CDR = Number of deaths in a year x 1,000
Midyear population, July 1 of the same year
BASIC CONCEPTS
 Period  Example
 This refers to the time interval wherein the  In 2020, a total of 613,936 deaths were
measure is computed. registered in the Philippines, it has a mid year
 Usually a calendar year population of 108,907,503. Compute for the
 Mid-year Population CDR?
 An estimate of the actual population that is  Answer:
exposed to the risk of the occurrence of an event
during the period as of July 1 of the relevant year
 Constant MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
 A given number usually expressed as k.  It measures the risk of death from causes related to
 Count pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium in a given year per
 The absolute number of population or 100,000 women of reproductive age.
demographic event.  It is an index of the obstetrical care needed and received
 It is raw data that may be considered as a by the women in a community.
measure itself or used as basis for derivation of
MMR = Number of deaths due to pregnancy, delivery & puerperium in a calendar year x 100, 000
another measure. Total live births, same year
 Example:
o In 2017, a total of 1,700,618 live births
were registered in the Philippines  Example:
 Maternal deaths in the Philippines totaled 1,975
in 2020. Using the total number of live births for
MID-YEAR POPULATION
that year, which is 1,528,684, compute for the
MMR.
Pmid-year = P1 + n / N * (P2 – P1)
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
Where:  Refers to the number of death under one year of age per
- P1 = Total population as of earlier census 1000 live births in given year.
- P2 = Total population in a later census  It is a good index of the general health condition of the
- n = Number of month/s between P1 and desired mid- community since it reflects the changes in the environment
year population estimate and medical condition of a community.
- N = Total number of months elapsed between P1 &
P2 IMR = Number of deaths under 1 yr of age in a calendar year x 1,000
Number of registered live births, same year

 Example:
 There were 16,885 infant deaths reported for the
Philippines in 2020. Using the total number of live
births for that year, which is 1,528,684, compute
for the infant mortality rate.
 Answer:

FETAL DEATH RATE

 Measures pregnancy wastage.
 Death of the product of conception occurs prior to its
complete expulsion irrespective of duration of pregnancy.
FDR = Number no. of fetal deaths registered in a calendar year x 1,000
Number of registered live births, same year

 Example:
 There were 9,083 fetal deaths reported in the
Philippines in 2019. Using the total number of live
births for that year, which is 1,673,923, compute
Another Example: for the Fetal Death Rate.
- The total population of Philippines in August 1, 2020  Answer:
is 109,035,343, while in May 1, 2015 is 100,981,437.
- Compute the July 1, 2020 Midyear population. NEONATAL DEATH RATE
 The number of deaths during the first 28 days of life per
CRUDE BIRTH RATE 1,000 live births; may serve as index of the effects of
 A measure of characteristic of the natural growth or prenatal care and obstetrical management on the
increase of a population. newborn.

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 NDR = Number of death among those under 28 days old x 1,000
Number of registered live births, same year

 Example:
 There were 18,854 neonatal deaths reported in
the Philippines in 2020. Using the total number of
live births for that year, which is 1,528,684,
compute for the Neonatal Death Rate.
 Answer:

DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A POPULATION

URBAN AREAS
 All cities and municipalities having a population density of
at least 1000 persons per square kilometer.
 Poblacions or central districts of municipalities and cities
which have a population density of at least 500 persons.
 Poblacions or central districts (not included in a and b)
regardless of population size but which have the following:
1. Street pattern
2. At least 6 establishments
3. At least 3 of the following
a. Town hall, church or chapel with
religious activities at least once a month.
b. Public plaza, park and cemetery
c. Public building like school, hospital, and
health center
 Barangays having at least 1000 inhabitants which meet
the conditions set forth above, and where the occupation
of the inhabitants is predominantly non-farming or fishing.
 All areas not falling under any of the above classification
are considered RURAL

VITAL STATISTICS

Mid-year Population Pmid-year

Number of registered live birth in a year

Crude Birth Rate CBR = x 1, 0 0 0
Mid-year population, July 1 of the same year
Number of deaths in a year
Crude Death Rate CDR = x 1,000
Mid-year population, July 1 of the same year

Maternal Mortality Rate Number of deaths due to pregnancy, delivery, & puerperium in a calendar year
x 100 ,0
Number of women of reproductive age (15-49 y.o), same year

Maternal Mortality Ratio Number of deaths due to pregnancy, delivery, & puerperium in a calendar year
x 100, 0
Total live births, same year

Infant Mortality Rate Number of deaths under 1 year of age in a calendar year
x 1,000
Number of registered live births, same year
Number of fetal deaths registered in a calendar year
Fetal Death Rate FDR = x 1,000
Number of registered live births, same year

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