| See in | amo DA — 4 —Rovnon uniform ——_! lpg ——- —_Seecection | On = Pin SB ——— rg py $A0 Baa SA Se. tin Off | SA A 2 Normal stain = €n +8. pi bed pe) cl u | Shea stroin_ { Leo. = Legtoainal strain C Arial cl | ekoin _____elHoake qu, elostic and lines (elatio modulus Of rigidity i Sheot shess_ al T: shea stiain ae eee ta Se a, Fie Scanned with CamScanner: Date: —_) “# Cnxe_ GA-YSW — py Oz aateW =p Sa =) oy ti Se Roe vee Te. @ £22, Sea - VOxx -Y6y_——Q & e EB a | on ieobopic material, [Cay|= ICipx]_complemettay shear stecseas ___|_ __ G: Sheu shess cette | Shea ean de Ge 7 | Therefore Cy. Fay "se of Ray 2228 be | se Ee oe Hn i Bo 6 fom ®,@ond@, 01©+@ | Grote yy B22» Ox 2-2) ow Cus -ay\t ee fi) e | Sau _tygt €2e x eae + abel yj Gea) fo ee = ——}Srour_fyy + tea = Con’ aye self ey ee spice iid Son. yy eee» (1B) [mt yt 2) = Oc a amt lon) a ae (ayy. 02)“ —fon @_ Tred Gy Fee = eae eee se al Corus tyr te) + * (ie) Beto a Gad s =. |__—e3a (t= is Egy ea) i5e i Cine Denes veyy | Deve t eo -aveo) Go _E {eoren ‘aaityy avin) COD) ae petal a hen) yy veer) - ri Cres) City) BS : Scanned with CamScanneree SRE igre ee — 2 By: & eee et Se im eer 8 | Tye 5 sale Les re eC) aa i oy = i — aim ———*| fe Bex. pat aa. a eC) oS el a . oa |__ Gio «9 9 6 0 | Say, 7G») v Oo 0 Oo | Egy | On |. F var oo © | lee | By | cred) » | 618 9 © (Yer) 0 0 ny Lae iz rn 5 2&6 fis ° i sp Shiffneso matns ‘Shess_mobix += 0 ¢ Peseta sige tte Sl a fo |_Saj= Bn €4j 4 NG aj Eek ___€kv com be _€u,€2e,€33 | oh Se Sa i = i sat “Ge Oa | | Os\__ Ore _S, = - Scanned with CamScannerHee els : laa eterna een CU is the displacement. in 2. diection) _ a One “ur dpox. Nal er br af, CMa)». oy dy Ponenal r a ached meas "bx lay Nome it Date: 1. 2 di * ane ox) _Let _U be the displacement in -2¢ direction “ond V be the. dispiocementin y aivection. | _# Shear strain. dis placement_relation anes 1 pon ae ~ 2 fn: bancta = Sle. oe. “ae cy : yeas oo c sve ol he aed ea raga get “:C Complementary dein stage\d | 2 Sy Lay ; t a Seat) * ~_ Luyiware the e bre dieplacements. long %y aid 2 divections tecpectvely § Slenjeu fous Be SEs ey on may (1-2) fe (Qe | ne Sate Scanned with CamScanner3 “30 ‘Stess ot a point. E _+| Te Syyctin Ne = on BeP_ plone (2 plane _( Diection of BCP plane is x) + 08), CPA. prone _C Cy plane) (Direction of CPA plane isy J _ “ela pane_Ce plane) (Direction of APG plane is ) 4} Stiess. components on ABC plane Conit nowtnalf,)—— Directional. osines nx,ny 2 2 Since. the body is at equilibtivm ony. point inside of tt-16-40. equilibtiom. _——1Noat ipaaabbuete Ag acd Poh |e the ren of ABE be 2 —__—_| Aten ot Bez An | Atea of CPA* Ang & a | init BBs ne een Boy forces 19 24,2 siete ey yond “Ti the suvtoce frees. andl body forces ate ih equililotiam Bice, SFie0 and Shis0 a Ana — Cex Anz — Gey | ‘Any + fe (istic 20, a Sy Any = Gey An — Coy Aga + Sy (ushas)*0_ ssh he Sia Aye = ye Any = Cer Ana + S2Cushme)=0 Scanned with CamScannerno :Ledatre 02 bate: lho /ange. = “e it ‘Ceneat) Tis forces then thet plane is called & principal. plane. - ict id 3 + CNoumat') Plincipal plane CTheve ave thee peipendicutor principal_plones in 3D cooidinate eystem)—> Pincipal_plane~ No sheor sbess: (ectional_coeines of the puncipal planes C plone thot has a noimal Stress) , feed — hea. s+ Coteo gwen by Gn). s teres ae The Pes td Ta Ty.ond eae the components of Laction Rrce in-x,y and 2 he “tng = tm __aredions respectively. : eee tyes tn ase a Oe ie 4 eae Aasising to Cavcny shess function T= Gran t Ty ng + Gene | foreng genes plane Je Tyga Siynys Cyeqe | fom Fe+ Gena t Upenys Gene J 4 si seep “Tra pincipal_plane. 1s Selected asa genetol plone x2 Gout + Gyqy e Gage) iy be ty a Tnetecd of T We conuse & _@= Thy Taya t Say nyt Ce ne — + = The= Genet Cyenys Sane a = (Coe -) qa + Byny + Ganz se a = | Tayqa + Coyy=99 yy fe ee sh | Tran + Uyeny-+ Coea-qz20-J = = Scanned with CamScanner|] anata uate (aye¥ RFs nn ™ a te A ea pasar 2 ae — ae aD 3] ea ie By considering the first row, —— paar he | Coram acu + Cay Got Crates? Coax ntaiae “tGerse) Cappy - \— Tyeten) tite (yx Tay = Tex boy Cine cy iy cre = ae = Ong = Teeter] pie read ____sle Gina = eyes = OTT In = Ty LoPoyyots ona ot a, Ste) a hea tS te tajljetia Coote b Gee Gey to bet = Cexyy =|02— Coxat cyt Sez) 52+ (Coxacyy + eases + Srey) — Coy" x4 Io SS peslees _Trxcyyerse 1 2 taylye lex ~ Coral ye 4 qyy ta es Seatag ps0 - — Pex ae C-o) | 2 | Characteristic equation of S, a a shee G and 67,63 and O3 are_puncipal stresse¢ Such that we select_them_as ede = Substitute Si in equation A | sped —s ( | teeengeengte) a i. L -| Repeat it fo thiee prinapal planes oo | o_6i_we ain find three principal planes floc. Nhy., Nye Paleo has thiee principal plone hax, Nags ee —|__SG has three principal planes gwen by the directional. cosines vote: og Scanned with CamScanner——*|Bxample- The stete of stiecs_ot 4 point_1S_given by the cartesian. stress. tensoi = ——|d) Fina stress invaionts, 6) Pinapalctreeses, €)_ Unit noinal-of plincipal planes [se ey tay ae 8 Cag —ciig—Cey-|2-|-6 —8— 2 Tie_Giens Gyyt G22 Loe Tye_ yy, eae. oe cL. eras a San el Sy ess 21 oie oy cee aus Bhge eal le antec es [Tes Corxcyy t_ iy: S22 tan: Gee) “Confit SG fo oe fs | Tes (Cars) C x1) + Coxe) = (364 ure] ye Ta. sayy oT. | 4 © 3|, acs cer scs fo |e 2 — i 32.4 | = 9c? Ceo-u) — 6 Cau-6) +3 Cio-ts) asap} —_-SaUED Chin) = Ciel pl eee | [eon ae Chactevistic equation _B~T15"4 bE ~T..0 2 Ja G3 ~186? ¢ S20" -2]-0 By solving the cubie equation. si,2 and -G>_con be found. = eof be all Gistwc Mee Se 2.8 MPa O- 0-7NMPo 6-46) e he ad OTe eB == 9-540108/F_-_¢ ~O-sel Weim fee Tracie ane Vannes nase Scanned with CamScanneri ext iss SU 2 Vinee? View rrersee = ad c-saneaitf - Jare®ice — \/i0.1q>+ 13.6710-9° 0-033 498374, oa Genera id Ns = = 0.052aq23 f. Vioiaes 13.971092 ice es Scanned with CamScannerVise Non BS Date! ly EACLE esecRiGn Coie h ee >| Brampie poiynomiat functions. 1d 420% Lo ae “Oy Ox? Oy? __ Gras 9%. 0 | ‘ in Peal on Ob 8 Dy: on) B_CGnstont) — pe Letcher £9)» Ayes Bay t Cx? the Stes “clistiibation iy ____CAn example is. “pimpte_beom bending) yy> 28.0 Se [by 8 = By. B20 cal bad Poaoreay CUMpc) Sas 2b bolxy ‘Tay = ot 0 Hay: 20. acy: Tay. ae Ady? sab? Atlas Scanned with CamScanner__—Lecture03_= Strain Measurements ae _—Hoote’s lowe. §on_o% e {6G gay (-G-snifoun deformation). lien te demain isso vom 1 G2 (0 Sdes (YP ax . _ Ey 4 ae ; Stes A a Villimate stress point feild point ot postional- limit 7 Fracture goin. | : } i ! ee Plastic Fegion - ” Shin region ——*] Revision exetcee = AB hos a ciasto. thicinasa ofan Caleulate the elongationot the —Therdve bo the lookN oxialtoad-Use E:200@ —§| Bg omm ze bok) oem looky a | c AE . ie = PL. looxto? X10 cs 8 AE e00x104x = L10m — Scanned with CamScanner| wot These equations are valid only when eit ie. the Gtiesses do not exceed the re ~ + Poisson's ratio 22= — Lateral strain ee a Atal ongtwdinal st1ai0 acne peal loading _ Ex: ¢ De fy €2+ = ae ising notelel oe > ips Se Th Noading _ Biot osang ~ ‘principle. of Gupeiposition.. “etateo Yt the efed of 0. guen-combined loading 2 Various - 01. _stveture_can be. obtained by determining —Seperatelyt the effects_of th 1 following —condlitons © Setisfe, - —lonuis _and_cambining the results obtoined,, provided that. th |) Baen effedt is Vinearly telated to the toad that produces tt | the conditions. _°) The defi resulting fiom any given ood 6 emoll_and does not affect. ns Le i _ a ‘ a) application of the other loads. + Foe V8» Cone 2 | a = oa} on 8 pox Cs = Sea ao ‘s) oie COuveie ey Lyede Gu-0 = oO} 02) TMhowial ldasing Exes 1 (x= >9y= P52] Tnultfaxtal Toadng ofa hamagenous ez 1 f=vox=20yr oz) J tsotsopic_matenial — te J | GeagE ae sneys nae St mae bs a “Twai-ed Tube has a side length equal Fo unity. wns Veiume chenge e+ (CiresacirenCireey) =| | 2% (Weucyrer}at CBecrse exty, cyte, £7 | L 1 _@s Ext Gy r€: Almost negligeble (= chonge_in_volume pet unit volume, £2 ENG ~an| oS Caitatatir) a Cash fos, Scanned with CamScannerAe bate: - ~ | pialin ced 22 oye ise) _ a —— ‘Ththe cube 16 Sees, bo o_uniform. fomnposeee peau CP) + tan f-e-p-8}. —Ciay}Cae)_____ cj € KCoconstond _ CK hoe the units of Pa) Cre) where _€ ~ diabotion = But madtutos.of the material _________— |We know that» & ©. | 8C-ay) - - a = ~ Therefore Ci-exJyo a ee oe Wyev__>€05 oa — ‘ ae he ; ANY - = 4 7 Recaverable stain energy ___o-4 - : T if Tue = thus..Of hness_ —— Say aS MT = Scanned with CamScanner| Fir the elastic region, the dadacgeliny ease 4 7 es Gag eeaer bébedsy ) 2 atte tis ete et © Cetrain) = many Us Eee, oe 2 a ae ~ er =e . i ee {When _o. Soe toa beneile owe —___| within ite elaetio region, the shaded o1ea_0 of the gioph wil. give phi ere = a eral ISTE. Ff Sao Bae oe hee vie Wa coum ghee \ Un TO bey Ln Shan sey Usa ee J | Us Strainenergy density= 2 Scanned with CamScannerDate: a1 ~ -lood eating onthe coss secon AB_CP)» #1 Cone) . — a Pls Pt @ngs _ Cunere Ais the {rose eecional ea) Sein soe os he elocticlimt Us 1X loadx extension - + U. A (merase ane bee ot e Us 1 fr typ _ Ue FP 4 PRGA + eerele5. Mes faces 2PRgAs 4 Sadia Ro - =a Re, eynst + Oear ee > = Peg AL Levgana) o Pre [Titel stain energy = , 3 Wee PPA rs se FT Boobs th | “Ene | Vey 283 a eo enegy Chiain enetgy dve Lo — + ve fo the = eee eee saci applies bet . rat of the 7 2 | Strain energy- SHEAR _ Ps —Suoin eneigy = Wor done = Ly load x extension Us1as 1Q tas wo hte TR GT ” U2 4ar0" ds 5% 6 wet oa Teal stain eneigy Uta cant @ i | [ - oe AL ore Scanned with CamScanner‘Shouté | ¢ Volumetic o: dilatational strain energy —2 due enorme as Date: —/_y_4 dewed + % Shedl oi-distotional-stiain energy —> due bo Sheor sb1258925 * — + Soin enetgy - Syadeny, applied loads . & Extension as = — Since the woitdone is both instances are. the Some. Ne Pl 2 pitasae 1 tt b — —Trorine [aig P= Stattally applied load -——_—______ Plo gualdenty applied load. Pa ~*:Stiom enegy Arial smpoct loading fet dence moved, ——EE . -Straineneigy CWoirdone)= S2AL_. WChig) Sh 1 a SA Wh Chie = iy s oo RE I AL si — = bk (a Wo —Wheo rs e. —— Tithe extension is_ o> wit /pune + aane, teeneennea| not boo small compared AL a ED taseate acne eee pet pe : 1 7 Alles Scanned with CamScannerQ+0-4m> 900 mm b+ tm + 2100. mm NS a | the equilibriutn_of the tod a ope _——l2ybo_ To tox 10% nm =) er eet RAIRB— 206x\c'=0 —— Moment about A= Ma-0), __| Raa 2) Ce0enis*x0'9)-0 | Res sen / Rg. Pa v famQ_| Ra 16646 = fom @ f—Re fe for OKxS fa = Uap t oe, aoe | ua f2 me ox af Me? dx — [uses exe Bean ft x fe Crit én - fea ee Ci Up fag} Flet__( ian <2) “ | eae LOE ay B= ayy av -2 4 La) lu. pur 5 cafeop tee] — eer . = Ceoexic%) "Coa? (comea + cuceens Gar Coeren’)- oa e228 | Bxeaowto® KOUy IP X15” x (3.6? i : $ faa 5. OR as > ae . Ue Yow Von fm me. tes fA Sat dy ___ J lu 4 a. ay mde te f° ae yedy— te = > pe bead + orb), Ceosxto3)” (chon ly. BOE vee): ail ta): “eet Estee} exzoond 06H 8 ma my ~__U. 686 Scanned with CamScannerNo: Azeonstant Cinfluence cneficient) . Date: —/— * Stan, enetgy-Geveral loads .- —By considering only Pe = = Nz AuPi | ta > haa jes AP, dos rae _— Workdone = Poa = LP.chney inked “A,Ponea® LPoceoke | wlth Pe =P Aeo Loupe - =a. ete: Tr Pris inialy_ applied ond then Po pt ¢Wottdone with Pols LPaxea+ \PeclesPe- Loe Pe 26 | Wok done with Py » Le nies Pihates “Liebe —o Pare ——Woteione with Pes 1 Paxees 1 PactarPes | Pavhae.t tL PiPe Workdone with P= 1 Pran= Le du Pl= Le%oty Me Ls rn: zt Le AnPre 4 2PiPemert AeaPer]} - = = se Sigss, Skt Sb Min ple oh cy HN» Scanned with CamScanner| Ses nso unre loxios 20 — Wee Sce Txy\_and_C ty at) ee grat © = 3 eens | Cans’, ex) Principal stroing, 2 8as2nsi R=, Mes a ~ -€b- 2X04 = —Bo.sux wy Cela 185) 5 Cap =) _____IReaivs ¢ omatanl i . es = Cons Cony 2. : 4,X8:6569 104 se seeynet ———_________= 2-80 a —<—— | Mexinan _sheaing San Try Ty) tty» op ws a co ime ee ———| Cottesponding direct _strain=_2x154 = 200 yg_, oe Bs 20 8) contctocrwee) Scanned with CamScanner