TL1431

Programmable voltage reference

Features

Adjustable output voltage: VREF to 36 V Sink current capability: 1 to 100 mA Typical output impedance: 0.22 0.4% and 0.25% voltage precision

Description
The TL1431 is a programmable shunt voltage reference with guaranteed temperature stability over the entire operating temperature range. The output voltage may be set to any value between 2.5 V and 36 V with two external resistors. The TL1431 operates with a wide current range from 1 to 100 mA with a typical dynamic impedance of 0.2 . Z TO92 (Plastic package)

D SO-8 (Batwing plastic micropackage)

March 2008

Rev 4

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Schematic diagrams

TL1431

Schematic diagrams
Figure 1. TO92 pin connections (top view)
Cathode Anode Reference
1 2 3

Figure 2.

SO-8 pin connections (top view)

8 7 6 5

1 - Cathode 2 - Anode 3 - Anode 4 - N.C. 5 - N.C. 6 - Anode 7 - Anode 8 - Reference

1 2 3 4

Figure 3.

TL1431 block diagram

Cathode Vref + Vref Anode

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TL1431

Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions

Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions

Table 1.
Symbol VKA Ik Iref Tj Pd Tstg

Absolute maximum ratings

Parameter Cathode to anode voltage Continuous cathode current range Reference input current range Junction temperature Power dissipation TO92 SO-8 batwing
(1)

Value 37 -100 to +150 -0.05 to +10 +150 625 960 -65 to +150 2000 200 1500

Unit V mA mA C mW C

Storage temperature range HBM: human body model (2)

ESD

MM: machine model

(3) (4)

CDM: charged device model

1. Calculated with Tj=+150C and Tamb=+25C with relative Rthja depending on the package. 2. Human body model: A 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a 1.5 k resistor between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating. 3. Machine model: A 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 ). This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating. 4. Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins.

Table 2.
Symbol VKA Ik Toper

Operating conditions
Parameter Cathode to anode voltage Cathode current Operating free-air temperature range TL1431C/AC TL1431I/AI Thermal resistance junction to ambient SO-8 batwing TO92 Value Vref to 36 1 to 100 -20 to +70 -40 to +105 130 200 Unit V mA C

Rthja

C/W

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Electrical characteristics

TL1431

3
Table 3.
Symbol

Electrical characteristics
Tamb = 25C (unless otherwise specified)
TL1431C Parameter Min. Vref Reference input voltage - see Figure 4 VKA = Vref , Ik = 10 mA Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range (1) - see Figure 4 VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tmin Tamb Tmax Temperature coefficient of reference input voltage(2) VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tmin Tamb Tmax Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change in cathode to anode voltage - see Figure 5 Ik = 10mA - VKA = 36V to 3V Reference input current , Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10k R2 = Tmin Tamb Tmax Reference input current deviation over temperature range , , Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10k R2 = Tmin Tamb Tmax Minimum cathode current for regulation - Figure 4 VKA = Vref Off-state cathode current - see Figure 6 Dynamic impedance VKA = Vref , Ik = 1 to100mA, f 1kHz
(3)

TL1431AC Unit Max. Min. Typ. Max. V

Typ.

2.490 2.500 2.510 2.493 2.500 2.507

Vref Vref --------------T

20

20

mV

13

90

13

90

ppm/C

Vref --------------Vka

-2

-1.1

-2

-1.1

mV/V

Iref

1.5

2.5 3 1.2

1.5

2.5 3 1.2

Iref

0.2

0.2

Imin Ioff ZKA

0.5 180 0.2

1 500 0.5

0.5 180 0.2

0.6 500 0.5

mA nA

1. See Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range in Section 4: Parameter definitions on page 9. 2. See Temperature coefficient of reference input voltage in Section 4: Parameter definitions on page 9. 3. See Dynamic impedance in Section 4: Parameter definitions on page 9.

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TL1431 Table 4.
Symbol

Electrical characteristics Tamb = 25C (unless otherwise specified)

TL1431I Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. V Reference input voltage - see Figure 4 VKA = Vref , Ik = 10 mA Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range (1) - see Figure 4 VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tmin Tamb Tmax Temperature coefficient of reference input voltage(2) VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tmin Tamb Tmax Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change in cathode to anode voltage - see Figure 5 Ik = 10mA - VKA = 36V to 3V Reference input current , Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10k R2 = Tmin Tamb Tmax Reference input current deviation over temperature range , , Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10k R2 = Tmin Tamb Tmax Minimum cathode current for regulation - see Figure 4 VKA = Vref Off-state cathode current - see Figure 6 Dynamic impedance (3) VKA = Vref , Ik= 1 to100mA, f 1kHz TL1431AI Unit

Vref

2.490 2.500 2.510 2.493 2.500 2.507

Vref Vref --------------T

30

30

mV

22

100

22

100 ppm/C

Vref --------------Vka

-2

-1.1

-2

-1.1

mV/V

Iref

1.5

2.5 3 1

1.5

2.5 3 1.2

Iref

0.5

0.8

Imin Ioff ZKA

0.5 180 0.2

1 500 0.5

0.5 180 0.2

0.7 500 0.5

mA nA

1. See Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range in Section 4: Parameter definitions on page 9. 2. See Temperature coefficient of reference input voltage in Section 4: Parameter definitions on page 9.

3. See Dynamic impedance in Section 4: Parameter definitions on page 9.

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Electrical characteristics

TL1431

Figure 4.

Test circuit for VKA = VREF

Figure 5.
Input

Test circuit for VKA = VREF

R IK Output

Input

R IK=10mA

Output
R1 IREF

VKA

VKA VREF

R2

VREF

R1 VKA = VREF ( 1 + ------- ) + R1 x IREF R2

Figure 6.

Test circuit for IOFF

Figure 7.

Test circuit for phase margin and voltage gain

10F

VKA=36V
IK=10mA

IOFF
10F

15k 8.25k

Output

Input

VREF

Figure 8.

Test circuit for response time

Figure 9.
2.500 2.498 2.496 2.494 2.492 2.490 2.488 2.486 -40

Reference voltage vs. temperature

IK=1mA
1 mA 0 mA

Reference voltage (V)

Output

IK=10 mA VKA=VREF=2.5 V See figure 1

-20

20

40

60

80

100

120

Temperature (C)

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TL1431

Electrical characteristics

Figure 10. Reference voltage vs. cathode current

3

Figure 11. Reference voltage vs. cathode current

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

Reference voltage (V)

VKA=VREF See figure 1

Reference voltage (V)

VKA=VREF See figure 1

-1 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Cathode current (mA)

Cathode current (mA)

Figure 12. Reference current vs. temperature

2.0

Figure 13. Off-state cathode current vs. temperature

0.10

0.08 1.5 IREF (A) IOFF (A) 0.06

VKA = 36V See figure 3

1.0

0.04

0.5

IK=10 mA VKA=VREF See figure 1

0.02

0.0 -40

-20

20

40

60

80

100

120

0.00 -40

-20

20

40

60

80

100

120

Temperature (C)

Temperature(C)

Figure 14. Ratio of change in VREF to change in VKA vs. temperature

0.0

Figure 15. Drift of RKA vs. temperature

0.00

VREF / VKA (mV / V)

-0.5

IK=10 mA VKA=VREF See figure 2

RKA ( )

-0.01

IK=10 mA VKA=VREF= 2.5V see figure 1

-1.0

-0.02

-1.5

-0.03

-2.0 -40

-20

20

40

60

80

100

120

-0.04 -40

-20

20

40

60

80

100

120

Temperature (C)

Temperature (C)

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Electrical characteristics

TL1431

Figure 16. Maximum operating current vs. temperature

0.52 0.50

Figure 17. Gain and phase vs. frequency

60 Gain 40 IK=10 mA See figure 4

200 150 100

0.48 IMIN (mA) 0.46 0.44

-100 -20

IK=IMIN VKA=VREF See figure 1

Gain (dB)

20

Phase

50
Phase ()

0 0 -50

0.42 0.40 -40

-40 1 10 100 Frequency (kHz) 1000

-150 -200 10000

-20

20

40

60

80

100

120

Temperature (C)

Figure 18. Stability behavior with capacitive loads

100

Figure 19. Maximum power dissipation

VKA=VREF
Cathode current (mA)
Cathode current (mA)

100 TAMB= +25C SO8 Batwing

80

VKA=5V
60 Stable Area

Instable Area

Stable Area

80

60 TO92 40 Safe Area

VKA=12V VKA=24V

40

20

20

0 1E-10

1E-9

1E-8

1E-7

1E-6

1E-5

10

20 Cathode voltage (V)

30

Capacitive Load (F)

Figure 20. Pulse response for IK = 1 mA

6

Current step: 1 mA

Voltage (V)

TAMB=+25C See figure 6 Output voltage

0 0 1 2 Time (s) 3 4 5

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TL1431

Parameter definitions

Parameter definitions

Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range

Vref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full temperature range. Vref = Vref max. - Vref min.
Figure 21. Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range

V ref max.

V ref min. T1 T2 Temperature

Temperature coefficient of reference input voltage

The temperature coefficient is defined as the slopes (positive and negative) of the voltage versus temperature limits within which the reference is guaranteed. Figure 22. Temperature coefficient of reference input voltage

-n p
Max 2.5V min

pm

/C

p +n p

m/

Temperature 25C

Dynamic impedance
KA The dynamic impedance is defined as | ZKA| = -------------- IK

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Package information

TL1431

Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK packages. These packages have a lead-free second level interconnect. The category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an ST trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com.

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TL1431

Package information

5.1

SO-8 batwing package information

Figure 23. SO-8 batwing package mechanical drawing

Table 5.

SO-8 batwing package mechanical data

Dimensions

Ref. Min.

Millimeters Typ. Max. Min.

Inches Typ. Max.

A A1 A2 b c D E E1 e h L k ccc 0.25 0.40 1 0.10 1.25 0.28 0.17 4.80 5.80 3.80 4.90 6.00 3.90 1.27

1.75 0.25 0.004 0.049 0.48 0.23 5.00 6.20 4.00 0.011 0.007 0.189 0.228 0.150 0.193 0.236 0.154 0.050 0.50 1.27 8 0.10 0.010 0.016 1

0.069 0.010

0.019 0.010 0.197 0.244 0.157

0.020 0.050 8 0.004

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Package information

TL1431

5.2

TO92 (ammopack and tape and reel) package information

Figure 24. TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical drawing
A1 P P T H

H1

H0

I1

W2 W1 W W0

L1

D0

F1 F2 P2 P0

Table 6.
Dim.

TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical data

Millimeters Min Typ. Max. Min. Inches Typ. Max.

AL A T d I1 P PO P2 F1/F2
h P

5.0 5.0 4.0 0.45 2.5 11.7 12.4 5.95 2.4 -1 -1 17.5 5.7 8.5 12.7 12.7 6.35 2.5 0 0 18.0 6 9 13.7 13 6.75 2.8 1 1 19.0 6.3 9.75 0.5 20 15.5 16 16.5 25 3.8 4.0 4.2 11 0.150 0.157 0.610 0.630 0.098 0.461 0.488 0.234 0.094 -0.039 -0.039 0.689 0.224 0.335 0.500 0.500 0.250 0.098 0 0 0.709 0.236 0.354 0.018

0.197 0.197 0.157

0.539 0.512 0.266 0.110 0.039 0.039 0.748 0.248 0.384 0.020 0.787 0.650 0.984 0.165 0.433

W W0 W1 W2 H H0 H1 DO L1

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TL1431

Package information

5.3

TO92 (bulk) package information

Figure 25. TO-92 bulk package mechanical drawing

Table 7.
Dim.

TO-92 bulk package mechanical data

Millimeters Min Typ. Max. Min. Inches Typ. Max.

L B O1 C K O2 a 3.2 4.45 4.58 12.7 0.407 0.35

1.27 3.7 5.00 5.03 4.2 5.2 5.33 0.126 0.1752 0.1803 0.5 0.5 0.508 0.016 0.0138

0.05 0.1457 0.1969 0.198 0.1654 0.2047 0.2098

0.0197

0.02

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Ordering information

TL1431

Ordering information
Table 8. Order codes
Temperature range Package Packing Marking

Order code

TL1431CD TL1431CDT SO-8 TL1431ACD TL1431ACDT TL1431CZ TL1431CZT TL1431CZ-AP TL1431ACZ TL1431ACZT TL1431ACZ-AP TL1431ID TL1431IDT SO-8 TL1431AID TL1431AIDT TL1431IZ TL1431ZT TL1431IZ-AP TL1431AIZ TL1431AIZT TL1431AIZ-AP TL1431IYD(1) TL1431IYDT(1) SO-8 (Automotive grade) -20C, +70C

1431C Tube or tape and reel 1431AC

TL1431C TO92 Bulk or Tape or Ammopack TL1431AC

1431I Tube or tape and reel 1431AI

-40C, + 105C TO92

TL1431I Bulk or Tape or Ammopack TL1431AI

Tube or tape and reel

1431IY

1. Qualification and characterization according to AEC Q100 and Q003 or equivalent, advanced screening according to AEC Q001 and Q 002 or equivalent are on-going.

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TL1431

Revision history

Revision history
Table 9.
Date

Document revision history

Revision Changes

01-Mar-2002 01-Nov-2005

1 2

Initial release. PPAP references inserted in the datasheet seeTable 8: Order codes on page 14. Minimum value for temperature range updated in Table 2: Operating conditions. Vref --------------Minimum values added and maximum values deleted for Vka parameter in Table 4 in Section 3: Electrical characteristics. Package information for TO92 tape and reel updated, see Section 5: Package information. Format update. Corrected SO-8 package mechanical data. Corrected footnote for automotive grade order codes in order code table. Corrected packing information for TO92 devices in order code table.

25-Apr-2007

11-Mar-2008

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TL1431

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