11

COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING

Quarter 1
Week 4 & 5

Assemble Computer Hardware:

Internal Parts of the Computer
 COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING (CSS) 11
Quarter 1 - Week 4 & 5

Topic: Installing and Configuring Computer Systems (TLE_IACSS912ICCS-Ia-e-28)

Performance Standard: The learners shall be able to install and configure computer systems based
on established procedures and system requirements.

Target Competency: LO 1. Assemble Computer Hardware: Internal Parts of the Computer

Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify and differentiate internal the parts of the computer;

2. explain the function of internal parts of the computer;
3. differentiate internal parts of the computer; and
4. practice safety procedure in dealing with computer.

Information Sheet:

Welcome to the Computer Systems Servicing 11 Self Learning Module (SLM) on Installing and
Configuring Computer System (ICCS) – Assemble Computer Hardware- Internal Parts of Computer!
This is a self-paced learning material in which you should comply before the deadline of submission
is about to end.

ACTIVITY 1
Let us check on your prior learning about this topic. Please take the Pre-assessment below.
Directions: Read the following statements carefully then choose the best answer from the given
choices. Write only the letter of your answer in your activity notebook.

1. What does LPT stand for?

A. LAN Printer Terminal C. Line Printer Terminal
B. Line Port Terminal D. Local Printer Terminal

2. What interface is a standard for transmitting high-quality digital audio without converting it to
analog?
A. PS2 C. USB
B. SPDIF D. VGA

3. What exactly is the name of this port ? ?

A. DVI C. USB
B. HDMI D. VGA
4. Which of the following new technologies allows the installation of two or more graphics cards
for a specific intensive graphics application?
A. SLI C. USB
B. LAN D. LPT

5. What is the proper sequence of CPU operations?

A. Decode>Fetch>Execute>Store C. Fetch>Decode>Execute>Store
B. Execute>Fetch>Decode>Store D. Store>Decode>Fetch>Execute

6. Which of the following data transmission methods is the fastest?

A. IDE C. SATA
B. PSU D. SCSI

7. What are the two companies that developed central processing unit?
A. AMD and ATI C. ASUS and INTEL
B. AMD and INTEL D. ATI and NVIDIA

8. What is the main circuit board of computer?

A. Hard Disk Drive C. SIMM Memory
B. Power Supply D. Motherboard

9. What does RAM stand for?

A. Random Access Memory C. Rail Access Memory
B. Random Accessibility Memory D. Random Accessible Memory

10. What is the meaning of SIMM?

A. Single Inline Module Memory C. Single Inline Memory Module
B. Single Inclines Memory Module D. Single Inline Memory Modification

Reminder: Taking an independent study course is very different from taking a course in
a classroom. Instead of relying on the teacher to tell you to complete a learning activity or an
assignment, you must tell yourself to be responsible for your learning and for meeting deadlines.
 ACTIVITY 1. Let us see if you can still remember the different types and basic parts
of
computer system.
Identification: Directions: Identify the following computer types, parts or peripherals. Write your
answer in your CSS Activity Notebook.
No.

5.
 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Purchasing the components is the first step in building a computer. This topic will lead
you through a quick explanation of key components before delving deeper into them. A computer
is comprised of a case (or chassis) that houses several important internal components and provides
connections for external components, including non-peripherals.
 ACTIVITY 2. Let us first try to identify the internal components of a computer system. Fill
in the missing letters to name the following. Fill in the blanks with your answer (in its
entirety) in your CSS Activity Notebook.

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.

THE INTERNAL HARDWARE

❖ Motherboard
The main circuit board in a typical desktop computer, laptop, or server is known as the motherboard. It
performs the following primary functions:

➢ To serve as a central backbone to which all other modular parts such as CPU, RAM, and
hard drives can be attached as required to create a computer.
 ➢ To accept (on many motherboards) different components (in particular CPU and expansion
cards) for the purposes of customization.

➢ To distribute power to PC components

➢ To electronically co-ordinate and interface the operation of the components.

Motherboard Parts

Image 2.1 Motherboard. Image Source: https://www.lanner-america.com/blog/types-motherboard-form-factors/

What is Form Factor of a Motherboard?

There are various types of form factors that serve various functions of a motherboard. In
layman's terms, form factor is the specification of a motherboard. It displays the type of board,
dimensions, power supply, number of ports, and so on. It provides all of the necessary information to
determine whether or not a consumer wishes to purchase the product.
Types of Form Factor in Motherboard

1. ATX (ATX - Advanced Technology Extended)

The ATX form factor first became popular in the mid-

1990s. The ATX board was considered revolutionary at
the time because it brought many changes to the
computer.

Previously, expansion slots were accompanied by riser

cards that had to be plugged into the board. However,
ATX eliminated the need for riser cards while also
reducing space requirements.
Image 2.1a ATX Motherboard. Image Source: https://www.lanner-
america.com/blog/types-motherboard-form-factors/

The ATX board added power pins, such as the 20-pin connector, as well as other headers for
air ventilation. Unlike its predecessors, the board had fewer overlaps with the drive bays and
connectors. Internal I/O connections were soldered to the board as well.

2. Micro ATX

Micro-ATX appeared at a time when people were

looking for a low-cost alternative to ATX
motherboards. The Micro ATX motherboard has the
same benefits as its counterparts but a better design. The
board is also smaller in size than a full-sized
motherboard, which helps to reduce costs. The reduced Image 2.1b Micro ATX Motherboard.
Image Source: https://www.lanner-
number of I/O slots allowed for the smaller size. america.com/blog/types-motherboard-form-
factors/

3. Micro Mini-ITX (ITX - Information Technology

eXtended)

iMini-ITX is a motherboard configuration designed to

support low-cost computers in small spaces. Mini-
ITX boards are 17 cm by 17 cm and were initially
introduced in 2001. The product was launched as a
niche product and aimed at smaller computer
systems. The boards require little power to operate
Image 2.1c Mini-ITX Motherboard.
and do not have any cooling fans. This made it ideal Image Source:
https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1000001545302
for use with home theater systems. The mini-fanless .html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0. -4b3a-b9b4-
6cadaa793fdd-0
 ITX's cooling system made it ideal for PC systems running in quiet environments such as
libraries, classrooms, and theaters.

4. Micro Nano-ATX
A Nano ITX motherboard is a type of computer
motherboard. VIA Technologies first proposed it
in March 2003, and it finally saw the light of day
in late 2005. Its dimensions are 12 12 cm or 4.7
4.7 inches.
Image 2.1d Nato-ATX Motherboard. Image
Source: https://www.aliexpress.com/w/wholesale-nano-
itx-motherboards.html

5. Micro Pico-ITX

The Pico-ITX motherboard form factor is the smallest in this list. Its dimensions
are 3.9 2.8 in and it is 75% smaller than the Mini-ITX. VIA designed and
developed this motherboard to enable innovation for smaller and smarter IoT
devices.

The Pico-ITX, with its x86-based platform and low-power consumption board, is
an excellent choice for embedded systems applications such as industrial
automation, in-vehicle computers, digital signage, and others.

Image 2.1e Motherboard Comparisons. Image Source: https://www.lanner-america.com/blog/types-motherboard-

form-factors/
Image 2.1e Motherboard Comparisons. Image Source:
https://www.lanner-america.com/blog/types-motherboard-form-factors/
 ❖ CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

Image 2.2a AMD Processors Image 2.2b Intel Processors. Image Source:
Comparisons. Image Source: https://www.mouser.in/new/intel/intel-7-gen-
https://www.mouser.in/new/intel/intel-7-gen- desktop-processors/factors/
desktop-processors/factors/

The central processing unit (CPU) is another name for the PC processor. It is the hardware
within a computer that executes the instructions of a computer program by performing the
system's basic arithmetic, logical, and input/output operations.

• How CPU Operates

Image 2.3 CPU Operation. Image Source: https://i2.wp.com/www.computerhunger.com/wp-

content/uploads/2019/06/Functions-of-the-CPU.jpg?resize=1074%2C300

• CPU Facts:

➢ Clock Speed is a processor rating that measures the amount of data processed per second.
➢ Front Side Bus (FSB) is the processor's connection to system memory. The higher the FSB
transfer speed, the better the processor performance.
➢ L2 Cache allows the processor to quickly access recently used data. A processor currently
operates on Level 2 (L2), which allows for faster data transfer between the processor and main
system memory.

• 32-bit (x86) CPU vs. 64-bit (x64) Comparison

CPUs are classified into two types. There is a 32-bit CPU and a
64-bit CPU. The structure is the primary distinction between these two
processors. The 32-bit processor, which is older, has a structure that
allows it to process instructions less efficiently than a 64-bit processor.
 The main distinction
between 32 bit and 64 bit is the
amount of RAM that can be
accessed. Which is better, x64 or
x86? The x86 (32 bit processors)
have a maximum physical
memory of 4 GB, whereas the
x64 (64 bit processors) can
handle 8, 16, and even 32GB
Image 2.4 CPU Architectural Comparison. Image Source:
physical memory. https://i.stack.imgur.com/o5I3c.jpg

Furthermore, a 64-bit computer can run both 32-bit and 64-bit programs. A 32-bit computer, on the
other hand, can only run 32-bit programs. This is due to the fact that their bit sizes differ from the basic
level. Laptops with pre-installed Windows are typically x64. On the contrary, the older computers may
be running Windows x86.

❖ RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

RAM is an abbreviation for “random access

memory,” and while it may sound mysterious,
RAM is one of the most basic components of
computing. RAM is the super-fast and
temporary data storage space that a computer
requires right now or in the near future.

RAM is a computer's short-term memory that

it uses to handle all active tasks and apps.
Without RAM, none of your programs, files,
games, or streams would function. Here, we'll
define RAM, explain what it means, and why
it's so important. Image 2.5a RAM Comparison. Image Source:
http://www.computerupgradesrepairs.co.uk/typesofram.htm

Different types of memory fit into different types of sockets, which are small slots that hold the strip's
bottom and sides together. The memory module's notches must line up with the dividers and holders on
their sockets. If they don't line up, you're using the wrong type of memory in the socket.
 • The Main Types of Memory

SIMM (Single In-line Memory Module) come in two main sizes, as shown in figure below, so both
sizes require a different-size socket. It is a type of memory module containing random-access
memory used in computers from the early 1980s to the early 2000s.
.

https://www.lelong.com.my/samsung-korea-chips-30-pin-1mb-simm-ram-km41c1000cj-7-untested- esonow-197777828-
2021-10-Sale-P.htm

➢ SDRAM DIMM (Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory Dual In-line

Memory Modules)
To meet the increased memory demands of newer and more powerful Pentium and AMD
CPUs, designers created the speedier SDRAM.
They slide into
newly designed slots
with little clips
holding them in
place.

Image 2.5b 168 pin SDRAM DIMM

https://www.amazon.in/Memory-Roland-MV-8000-MV-8800-PARTS-QUICK/dp/B004GQNPAQ

➢ RDRAM (Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory) or RIMM

Rambus, Inc., created a super-fast, super-expensive memory in the late 1990s and covered the chips
with a cool-looking heat shield. The
speedy 5 ¼ inch-long memory
modules, shown in the figure
below, enchanted Intel so
much that the CPU maker designed
its Pentium 4 CPUs and motherboards
around them. The rest of the https://www.yourdictionary.com/rdram
computer industry ignored RDRAM
because of its high price and licensing fees. Intel’s main competitor, AMD, stuck with standard
motherboards and SDRAM, the existing industry standard. RDRAM and SDRAM use different slots,
so stick with the type of memory your computer is built around.
 ➢ DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
The biggest competitor to RDRAM, this stuff does some tricky piggybacking on the memory bus
to speed things up dramatically. The catch? Because your motherboard must be designed to support it,
these 5 1/4-inch memory modules use slots with different notches than those designed for traditional
SDRAM. That means that DDR SDRAM modules, like the one in the figure shown below, don’t fit into
a regular SDRAM slot or an RDRAM slot.

Image 2.5c DDR SDRAM

https://www.devicelog.com/memory/dram/ddr-sdram/samsung-ddr-sdram-pc2700-512mb-dimm-m368l6423dtm/

➢ DDR2 SDRAM (Double Data Rate 2 SDRAM)

Short for double data rate two, DDR2 is the second generation of DDR memory that was
released in September 2003. DDR2 is capable of operating at greater speeds than DDR, offers a greater
bandwidth potential, operates on less power, and generates less heat. Due to architectural differences,
DDR2 memory modules are incompatible with DDR slots.

Image 2.5d DDR2 SDRAM

https://www.devicelog.com/memory/dram/ddr2-sdram/samsung-2gb-ddr2-sdram-dimm-2rx8-pc2-6400-m378t5663qz3-
cf7/
 ➢ DDR3 SDRAM (Double Data Rate 3 SDRAM)
Is a type of SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random-access memory) released in June 2007 as the
successor to DDR2. DDR3 chips have bus clock speed of 400 MHz up to 1066 MHz, range in
size from 1 to 24 GB, and consume nearly 30% less power than their predecessors.

Image 2.5e DDR3 (Double Data Rate 3)

https://www.etb-tech.com/samsung-16gb-pc3l-10600r-m393b2g70bh0-yh9-ref.html

➢ DDR4 SDRAM (Double Data Rate 4 SDRAM)

DDR4 is a type of system memory known as SDRAM and was released in September 2014 as
the successor to DDR3. DDR4 has bus clock speeds that range from 800 to 1600 MHz and range in
storage capacity from 4 to 128 GB per DIMM. DDR4 is also more efficient at 1.2 V when compared
to DDR3's 1.5 to 1.65 V range.

https://www.amazon.in/Kingston-Technology-ValueRAM-2133MHz-KVR21N15D8/dp/B00WUPTVX0

❖ HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)

➢ The hard disk drive is the primary data

storage hardware device in a computer,
and it is usually the largest. The hard
disk drive stores the operating system,
software titles, and the majority of other
files. Image 2.6 Hard Disk Drive. Image Source:
https://www.deskdecode.com/how-to-buy-a-good-new-hard-disk-
drive/

➢ The hard drive is sometimes referred to as the "C drive" because Microsoft Windows assigns
the "C" drive letter to the primary partition on a computer's primary hard drive by default.
➢ Internal hard disks are housed in a drive bay, which is linked to the motherboard via an ATA,
SCSI, or SATA cable. They are powered by a link to the computer's power supply (power
supply unit).
 • Common HDD Terms to Remember

IDE/ATA/PATA (Integrated Drive Electronics or Intelligent Drive Electronics):

Most hard drives still use some form of IDE technology, which is also known as ATA (AT
Attachment). Because these drives use parallel technology, they have adopted the acronym PATA to
describe all drives from this era. Transfer rates of up to 133 MB/sec are possible.

UDMA, UIDE, AT-6, Fast ATA, Ultra ATA, UDMA, and more:

These subsequent flavors of IDE/ATA technology each add new technologies and longer
acronyms. The result? More speed and more storage capacity.

SATA (Serial Advance Technology Attachment)

An interface for transferring data between a computer’s central circuit board and storage
devices. SATA was designed to replace the long-standing PATA (parallel ATA) interface.
The newest incarnation of the IDE/ATA drives, these offer still greater performance.
Older drives moved information to your computer through awkward, stubby ribbon cables. SATA
drives transfer their information faster through sleek, thin cables that route through your computer’s
innards more easily. data transfer rates as high as 300 MB/s.

External SATA
You guessed it, external SATA drives live outside your PC and plug into special eSATA ports
you can add to your PC.

SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface), Fast Wide SCSI, Ultra SCSI, WideUltra2
SCSI)
Pronounced “scuzzy,” this popular drive variety worked its way into the hearts of power users
and network administrators. Today, SATA supersedes SCSI away from even those folks. Data Transfer
Rate Up to 160 MB/sec.

Solid State Drive (SSD) versus Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

An HDD is a data storage device that is

housed within a computer. It contains
spinning disks on which data is
magnetically stored. The HDD is
equipped with an arm that houses several
"heads" (transducers) that read and write
data to the disk. HDDs are a legacy
technology, which means they have been around longer than SSDs. They are generally less expensive
and more appropriate for data that does not need to be accessed frequently, such as backups of photos,
videos, or business files. They are available in two sizes: 2.5 inch (commonly found in laptops) and 3.5
inch (desktop computers).

SSDs got their name—solid state—because they use solid state devices under the hood. In an
SSD, all data is stored in integrated circuits. This difference from HDDs has a lot of implications,
especially in size and performance. SSDs are more expensive than HDDs per amount of storage (in
gigabytes (GB) and terabytes (TB)), but the gap is closing as SSD prices decline at a faster pace that
HDD prices year over year.

Internal Parts of HDD and SSD

Image 2.7 Hard Disk Drive. Image Source: https://cyberhoot.com/wp-

content/uploads/2020/12/1_smpUI4VO-KlX4nTZZCPLEA.png

❖ POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU)

A Power Supply Unit (PSU) is an internal IT

hardware component. Despite the name, Power
Supply Units (PSU) do not supply systems with
power - instead they convert it. Specifically, a
power supply converts the alternating high voltage
current (AC) into direct current (DC), and they also
regulate the DC output voltage to the fine tolerances
required for modern computing components.
Image 2.8 Power Supply. Image Source: https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51Ps3bJZA9L._AC_SX450_.jpg
 • What is the function of a power supply?

1. Power Supply change the voltage - Power supplies are primarily used to change voltage.
Regardless of the type of device that must use it, the power source has a consistent output.
To prevent overload, power supplies step down — or step up — the voltage to match the
device's requirements.
2. Power Supply converts power - Power conversion converts incoming electricity into a
format that electrical devices can understand. There are two types of power supplies: DC-
DC and AC-DC. DC-DC power supplies allow you to plug electrical devices into car outlets
or other direct current, or DC, power sources. These power supplies, however, are not the
most commonly used.
3. Power Supply regulates power - An unregulated power supply can deliver more power
than expected. Such a surge fed to delicate electronics like computers and televisions could
cause severe damage to the parts or even permanent harm that could cause damage beyond
repair.
Image Source: https://www.actpower.com/educational/what-is-a-power-supply-and-how-does-it-work/

• Power Supply Form Factors

Power supply form factors are identical to motherboard form factors. ATX power supplies are the most
common, and they are compatible with all ATX and BTX motherboards. Smaller power supplies that
fit microATX, FlexATX, and microBTX motherboards are also available.
https://sites.google.com/site/computeressentialsii/power

PSU CONNECTORS
 ❖ GRAPHICS CARD

Graphics Card (also

called a video adapter,
display card, graphics
card, graphics board,
display adapter or graphics
adapter) is an expansion
card which generates a
feed of output images to a
display.

Image 2.9 System Unit

with on board and attached
video card

https://unsupportedvideoconfigurationdetected.com/

• Common Types of Graphics Card

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)

PCI, which stands for

Peripheral Component Interconnect,
was introduced by Intel in 1992. The
PCI bus was used to connect
hardware to a computer and was
available in 32-bit (133MBps) and
64-bit versions. PCI, which was
widely used in computers from the
late 1990s to the early 2000s, has
since been replaced by PCI Express.

Image 2.9a Video Card. Image Source: https://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/computer_video_card_annotated_600.jpg

 AGP Accelerated Graphics Port (often shortened to AGP)

AGP, which stands for Accelerated Graphics

Port, is a high-speed port designed for video
cards and 3D accelerators. AGP, designed by
Intel and introduced in August 1997,
introduces a dedicated point-to-point channel
that provides the graphics controller with direct
access to system memory. The image below
Image 2.9b Video Card. Image Source:
depicts how your motherboard's AGP slot https://www.techpowerup.com/24745/palit-introduces-the-
first-x1950gt-512mb-agp-video-card
might look.

Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI-E)

PCIe is a high-speed serial computer expansion

bus standard that was designed to replace the
older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards. PCI
Express, also known as 3rd Generation I/O
(3GIO), was approved as a standard in July
2002.

Image 2.9b Video Card. Image Source: https://twen.rs-

online.com/web/p/graphics-cards/6667817/

What’s on the card?

DisplayPort is a digital display interface developed by the Video
Electronics Standards Association (VESA). The interface is primarily
used to connect a video source to a display device such as a computer
monitor, though it can also be used to transmit audio, USB, and other
forms of data.

Image 2.3 DisplayPort

(HDMI) High Definition Multimedia Interface simultaneously

transmitting visual and audio data via the same cable.
 Image 2.4 HDMI Port
(DVI) Digital Visual Interface Digital-based standard designed for
displays such as flat-panel displays (LCDs, plasma screens, wide high-
definition television displays) and video projectors

Image 2.5 DVI Port

Analog D-Sub is standard interface for analog monitor. It was designed
for CRT displays.

Image 2.6 15 pin Analog D-Sub

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/815221970023940584
/

❖ Common Graphics Card Terms

• Fill Rate
GPU’s speed in drawing pixels depending on the number of (ROP) Raster Operation
Pipeline units of the graphics card.

• GART (Graphics Address Remapping Table)

A capability of reading texture directly from the memory without the need to copy them to
video memory.

• Pixel Pipeline
Pixels pass through GPU unit called Pipeline which crunch complex vertex and pixel shaders
programs for lighting and effects. The more pipelines, the better.heaper cards usually have
four pipelines while mid-range to high end have 8-16 pipelines or more.

• Pixel Shader
Also called as pixel processor and unified shaders-usually used for realism gamming. Pixel
and Vertexshaders

• SLI (Scalable Link Interface) and Crossfire [ATI]

New technologies that allow two or more graphics cards installation for certain intensive
graphics application.
• DirectX
DirectX is a set of components in Windows that allows software, primarily and especially
games, to work directly with your video and audio hardware. Games that use DirectX can
use multimedia accelerator features built-in to your hardware more efficiently which
improves your overall multimedia experience.
• Driver
A set of files that tells a piece of hardware how to function by communicating with a
computer's operating system. All pieces of hardware require a driver, from your internal
computer components, such as your graphics card, to your external peripherals, like a printer
• Port
A computer port is an interface or connection point between a computer and an external or
internal device. Internal ports can connect hard drives, CD ROM or DVD drives, and other
devices; external ports can connect modems, printers, mice, and other devices.

❖ INPUT/ OUTPUT (IO) PORTS

• PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse
✓ Keyboard and Mice Connectors - Old
Style 5 Pin DIN Keyboard connector.
The 5 pin DIN connectors are rarely
used anymore. Most computers use the
mini-DIN PS/2 connector, but an
increasing number of new systems are
dropping PS/2 connectors in favor of
USB. Adapters are available to convert
5 pin din to PS/2.
✓ PS2 Keyboard (Purple) and Mouse (Green). NOT
interchangeable
✓ Newer Motherboards may have a single PS2
connector with 1/2.

Image 2.10 IO Ports. Image Source: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/t-A1ExnkfA8/maxresdefault.jpg

 • Serial Port
External modems and old mice use the serial or
COM-1 port. On newer computers, it is being
phased out. USB has taken its place.

• Parallel / Printer Port

Also called as Line Printer Terminal
(LPT Port) used for old printers. It is
not being found on newer computers.

Image 2.11 Parallel Port. Image Source: https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-6c93599f07ccd0a47923847396b529ee

• Universal Serial Bus (USB) Ports

Use the USB ports to connect USB devices. (Universal Serial Bus) Used for just about everything
attached in a computer.

Image 2.12 USB Port Types. Image Source: https://www.reichelt.com/magazin/en/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/USB-

Typen_klein.jpg
 • Audio and Game Ports
SPDIF is a standard for transmitting high-quality
digital audio without going through an analogue
conversion process. The SPDIF interface can be
implemented in two different ways, Coaxial and
Optical.
Image 2.13 Game Port. Image Source: https://recompute.co.zw/buying-
guides/a-complete-guide-of-every-type-of-computer-port/

Image 2.14 Computer Back Panel Showing Updated Ports. Image Source:
https://pcpartpicker.com/product/dLzv6h/gigabyte-motherboard-gaf2a88xup4

• Ethernet LAN Port

Alternatively referred
to as an Ethernet port,
network connection,
and network port, the
LAN port allows a
computer to connect to
Image 2.15 Integrated LAN Port. Image Source:
a network using a wired https://www.trentonsystems.com/blog/what-is-a-lan-port

connection. The picture is a close up of what a LAN port looks like for a network cable using a
RJ-45 connector. The two led lights will blink when the port is active.
 ACTIVITY 3. Let us try this activity to check and deepen your knowledge about the types
and basic parts of computer system. You may go back to the previous pages if you are in
doubt of your answer.

Naming Computer Ports/Connectors. Identify or name the following pictures of computer ports and
connectors given. Write your answer in your CSS Activity Notebook.

PORTS / CONNECTORS NAME

1.
6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

9.
4.

5. 10.

ACTIVITY 4. FILL ME UP. In your CSS A ctivity N otebook, write the word that best
completes the following sentences. Select the best answer from the words found in the box.

AGP HDMI GART

Motherboard SPDIF SATA

LAN Port DirectX Molex

Driver SCSI P1

iMini-ITX SIMM ATX 12V or P4

1. ____________________ is a set of components in Windows that allows software, primarily

and especially games, to work directly with your video and audio hardware.
 2. ____________________ is a type of memory module containing random-access memory used
in computers from the early 1980s to the early 2000s.
3. _____________________ is a set of files that tells a piece of hardware how to function by
communicating with a computer's operating system.
4. _____________________ is a four pin power connector that goes to the motherboard in
addition to a 20 pin P1 to supply power to the processor.
5. __________________ allows a computer to connect to a network using a wired connection.
6. __________________ an interface for transferring data between a computer’s central circuit
board and storage devices.
7. __________________is a motherboard configuration designed to support low-cost computers in
small spaces. Mini-ITX boards are 17 cm by 17 cm and were initially introduced in 2001.
8. ___________________ is the main circuit board in a typical desktop computer, laptop, or server.
9. ___________________ is the capability of reading texture directly from the memory without
the need to copy them to video memory.
10. ___________________ is a standard for transmitting high-quality digital audio without going
through an analogue conversion process.

ACTIVITY 5. Identifying Computer Parts and its peripherals.

Performance Objective: Identify and explain the function of the different parts of computer
found in the first column. Write you answer in your activity notebook
Parts / Computer Peripherals Name Functions

1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

Components Scoring Rubrics

5 4 Points 3 1 Point
Points more content and Points content and
Most content knowledge some content knowledge are not
and were given and
knowledge were given knowledge were given clear and relevant
 References:

Adjurfhoxdemon. 2020. Part's Of Computer. Accessed June 23, 2020.

http://adjurfhoxdemon.weebly.com/parts-of-computer.html

Computer Hope. 2020. What Is Hardware?. Accessed June 23, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/h/hardware.htm

Glendille Lapinig. 2020. INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTERS. Accessed June 23, 2020.

http://computertech-jake.weebly.com/introduction-of-computers.html

Google Sites. 2020. Computer Parts - Negros Mission Academy TLE. Accessed June
23, 2020. https://sites.google.com/site/arvinsalastle/computer-parts

Microsoft Corporation. 2020. Accessed June 23, 2020. https://support.microsoft.com/en-

ph/help/17073/windows-usingkeyboard

Rd Nard. 2020. Welcome | Learn Computer Maintenance, Mobile Technics And General
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Sendukbesii. 2020. Welcome To Myblog. Accessed June 23, 2020.

http://sendukbesii.blogspot.com/

Study.com. 2020. What is computer hardware. Accessed June 23, 2020.

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-computer-hardware-components- definition-examples.html

SSolutions. 2020. SUNNY Computers Accessed June 23, 2020.

http://sunnycomputerskng.blogspot.com

En.wikibooks.org. 2020. How To Assemble A Desktop PC/Choosing The Parts - Wikibooks, Open
Books For An Open World. Accessed June 23, 2020.
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/How_To_Assemble_A_Desktop_PC/Choosing_the_pa rts

Yinsheng Zou. 2020. MOGAT | Proceedings Of The 20Th ACM International Conference On
Multimedia. Accessed June 23, 2020. https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2393347.2393409

Writer: JOSE GOCELA TAPOROC, JR., SST-III

School: Digos City National High School
Division: Digos City