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exit
(a) Keep l water temperature af T/90F in he presence
ofdisturbances
(8- Variatiens in fhw or/and femperrture of entering
Wafer
Variations in heat transfer coefficient (solid deposiß
dirt, corrosion, er.)
variafions in sfeam pressure
c ) - steam pressure
flow of water by-pass (nt shosm in Fie. PI.1, b«t
an example of hiddeh" posi
easily sfablished. This
bilihes)
I. Feed back

Thermecueple
Thr
nroiler
Feed forward Flewneter Grolier -+

The pc.

Nofe: More FF alternatives using he by- pass flow.

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 (a)- Load on the ampressor
-
Pressure outut of onpresor
- variations in the pressure of steam drlring fhe compresor
disturbances
- mechanieal seutces f
(6)-speed of fly ball governot
- pressur of 3team driving the ompressor
at
Base ontrol objachive: keop pressure of conpressor s ufpuf
he desired lerel.
Feedback system

Gs out

preduet (benzen) not lower

orerhead
han
L -Kerp
a
purity of
lower limit.
overhead product af desired level
-

Keep flowrate f
-
De not flood the overhead ohdenser drum
Do ef fleod the column
Minímize ulilities consumption (skeam, cooling water)
(b)- Feed flowrate
- Feed composiion

coofing wafer temperaBure or/and flewrate

reboilers steam pressure
to lumn pressure
- overhesd produrd's purily r/a nd flowrafe (imposed by
)Measuremants: Feed flowrate
and toncentrafion^orerhezd prducfs

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 lerels ererhead drum and
flo tar afe ond conuntation; liquid
column basej column fressure; temperatures f liquid holdups
in a

column frays; botfom producl's flowrate and concentrahon; cnoli ng

wattr's flowrate and temperature; prassure of steam in teloiler.
Manipulationg Flowrates of feed, over head product, b»thms proéket,
Cooling water, reflux Pressuref steam in reboiler.
.

I.5 (a) See Fig. 21.2e(Feed floiwrate - steam in rrhoiler)

() See Fig. 25.85{loop betveen orerheads flosrate 5 steam)

C See ig. 2.2cp7.Frem ay tmperatures, nabertal salanas

he
and eguilibrium relaionships eshimat orer beadi ampesito y

I.6 ()0bjechve Kep femperafure in the house af desired lerel (actualy

wifhi a prespecifi ed sma runge)
Heasurements: House tempera ture, fuel oil flowrate
Distwrbanus Ezlernal temp erature,ameunt f heat loser, fuel i l
flowrate, desired bouse temperature.
IisaSIso syskem because there is (besica Uy) only ene contrel odje-
ctire.
() Loop behween house temperahure amd fuel oil flowrate.
(c) In prieciple yes. Meawure ternal temperahere and man/pulate fuel
oil flowrate. Arsume computable heat loses.

1.7) ()Distue bances: Supy and demand flowrates

onfrel ohjecire: Satiafy demand ; do not flond tanks (rof
tily commnsurable; hay may confliet and be impassible t
necesa

sa-
fisf them s/multaneously)
Measuremenb: Surly snd dema nd flotwrafteu; liged lerels in tanks

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 Manipulations: Supply and/o demand floiwrates.
Thls s a MIMO yshem (several
ofjachves)
() Feadback:
kieasure and menipulate demand flowrate (Loop )
Measure lerel in
first tmnd, manzulate intercennectng fhow (og7
Measure lerel in setend tant, maripuad supply ftaurat (loep )
Loop 1, same. Exe hange manipulafiens and measuremenh ef laps 3
Feedback and Feedforward
Measure and nanpulate supy flourat (ferdferuart)
Meas ure and manipulate demard flourate (feedkack)
Measure lerel of first fank, rarzu'ate mteramecthny fhe
Firsf fevo lops, same. Measure erel ef eond tant, manpe
late interdonnec tng floa
Nete: A vave in the Interconneching stream introdutes resistane, thus
te leels in the twe fanks need not bethe same.
C) Yes. Step change (nerease) in supply with low demand and
high levels m oth tanks.

(L.8 () Ojuire Preduct fowrate at desired level product amcentrahon

(or equivale ntly, yield)at desired level; minimize uhlitie1 tort
(seam). For open fanks do not orerflow the tants.
( Irpuis: Flowrakes of A, catalyst; steam in tuo fanks; Interaon
necting stream; product (if tontro ed). Derme f mirig rect
Outpub: Levels in the vo tanks ; predutt flowrate f Cempesitio 5
Cemposi kon and flowrate of intertonnetting stream; temperatures in
the two tanks. lonsider oncentrntions et knmeauured.

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 This s a MIMO system
e Loep Producd flowrate flow of A and eatalyrt.
Lo froduct oncentrakon ith team of first or second tank.
be
(d) Maderial energy balantes ith kineHe rate erpretsions can

sael pror ide producd omposition if flows 5 tempera heres are knoan
(meRsured).
(e) Meesure flewrate and compesihien f interconnecting streay m
mamipulafe steam pNsure (temperature) n second tank, or/and
retenfion tirme in second fank.
f) The tp- CSTR ystem Is easier t tontol because () offers parti-
f feedforuvard capability throagh he inderto nnec ting stream, (in) p -
ides fleribility kith more meauremend 5 ma nipulatio n.
-Neta Mimjmiza/ion f ufilihes has nad been consldered in &).asld fans beera dl
dh
(1.(Meimize {Rereu frwm rales of preduct

[Cost of purechasing Acast of steam) }4

The variable we can manipulate to accomplice the above max-
mization is he skeam pressure shich affecs rencer fempermhure
and thus he rate of productton.
Note: The lecturer may require from he students analytie epressions
difficalt tast betause it
for the tems under the integral. This is a
inghes the selution f the differentsal equations describing mate
Ohe
ia and entrgy balanus around he reactor and sheam jacket.
tould ask the studend t sinply write hese balanus and indicate
betomt
enly a solution pror tdurt. In this way the quanhi tative problen
aster fo understund.
) Crtrol objective: Keop reacer's temperature clse to the profile of
Fig. Pr.7. Fedback sstem:Measure T,Panipulate stomm presture

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 Trshsmission Arely tDigital Gnrertar
tines

Digital Anabe owertr

Inderface

1.10()ohjectives: keep F,Ts at desied levels

Disturbana: F,T, 5,E.T (desired vahues)
Measur ement: F,T, E, T, ,T
Manfpuda fions: Fi, Fi, F/F , G*Fi, -F
This is a MIMO system.
() Loop 1 with
Loop with FE
) Loop 1 & Messute F Maniputate t. keep
deslred valuu. Arctptable if %,5 d» net
Loop 2: Measure F,T,E,T and
change
manlpulate ratio F/F
througha valre in F. Primarily intendee. for 7,T
cho vatiahons.
d) Loop 1 (fe«dback) Mecsure T , maniputata Fi
Leop 2 (fesprvard): Measure F,5RA , manipulate F
se hat F has the desired valut.
or,
Leep (feadback) Memure F , manipulnt
Loop (feedforward): Measuie K,5,T, and manipulate
sthat T eh the desired value

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