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Indian Agriculture After Independence

This document provides an overview of Indian agriculture after independence. It discusses the key policies and developments that have shaped Indian agriculture, including the Green Revolution in the 1960s-1970s that dramatically increased food grain production. It also summarizes India's agricultural exports and imports. While agriculture's contribution to GDP has declined, it still employs over half of India's population and faces challenges like land fragmentation and low technology adoption.

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Sameer Baswana
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232 views26 pages

Indian Agriculture After Independence

This document provides an overview of Indian agriculture after independence. It discusses the key policies and developments that have shaped Indian agriculture, including the Green Revolution in the 1960s-1970s that dramatically increased food grain production. It also summarizes India's agricultural exports and imports. While agriculture's contribution to GDP has declined, it still employs over half of India's population and faces challenges like land fragmentation and low technology adoption.

Uploaded by

Sameer Baswana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Good Morning

Indian Agriculture After


Independence

Presented by:-
Nakul Jain
Nazreen Bano
Neelam khasyup
Namrata Saxana
Agenda :-
 Introduction
 Agriculture
Policy in India
 Green Revolution
 Export And
Import
 Problems
 Conclusion
Introduction

“Agriculture plays an essential role in the process of


economic development of India. Besides providing
food to nation, agriculture releases labour, provides
saving, contributes to market of industrial goods
and earns foreign exchange.”
Indian Agriculture has made rapid strides
since independence
From food shortages and import
to self-sufficiency and exports.

From subsistence farming


to intensive and technology led cultivation.

Today , India is the front ranking


producer of many crops in the world.

Ushered in through the


green, white, blue and yellow revolutions.
Indian Agriculture
• India is regarded as the 3rd largest country in the agricultural
sector after China and canada.

• Indian agriculture contributes almost 25% to the GDP after


the independence.

• It provide employment to almost 60% of the rural


population.

• The agricultural sector of India has occupied almost 43


percent of India's geographical area.
AGRICULTURE POLICY IN INDIA

First phase considered from 1947 to mid sixties,

Second phase considered period from mid-


sixties to 1980,

Third phase included period from 1980 to 1991,

Forth phase includes period from 1991/92

onwards.
First phase (1947-60’s)

 Development of major irrigation project


 Strengthens of cooperative credit
Institution
 Giving land titles to the actual cultivators
 Abolition of intermediaries
Second Phase (1960-1980)

High-yielding varieties of crops


Multiple cropping
The package approach
Modern farm practices
Spread of irrigation facilities
Third Phase (1980-1991)

The next phase in Indian agriculture began in early


1980s. This period started witnessing process of
diversification which resulted into fast growth in non- food
grains output like milk, fishery, poultry, vegetables, fruits
etc which accelerated growth in agricultural GDP during
the 1980s.
Fourth Phase (1991 onwards)

The fourth phase of agricultural policy started


after initiation of economic reform process in
1991. Economic reforms process involved
deregulation, reduced government participation in
economic activities, and liberalization.
Green Revolution
The Green Revolution is referred to the period
between 1967 to 1978.The population was growing
faster than the rate of food grain production at
that period. The government realized the need for
dramatic improvement in food grain production.
This resulted in the Green Revolution.
Contribution Of Green Revolution
 Continuous Increase Of Farming Areas.
 Double Cropping Existing Farmland.
 Using genetically modified seeds
 Provision Irrigation facilities
 Use of insecticides and pesticides
 Agricultural credit system
 Opening of Agricultural Universities and Research
Centers
 Rural electrification
Export
The agriculture sector has been playing a key in the
composition of Indian exports. The share of agricultural
exports, which constituted more than 30 percent of the
total exports from the country during 1970-71 and
1980-81. The list of major destinations to which Indian
agricultural products are exported includes
Netherlands. Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, UAE,
Pakistan,Uk etc.
In 1990-91 agricultural exports constituted about 18
percent of the total exports which in 2000-01 went down
to 14 percent. In 2003-04 agricultural exports constituted
only 12.4 percent of all exports.

Not only the share of agricultural exports in the total


merchandise exports has come down steadily over the
years but the share of agricultural exports in agricultural
GDP has also declined from 7.6 percent in 1995-96 to 6.3
percent in 2001-02 and recovered to 6.9 percent in 2003-
04 .
The Statistics
Exports (in 2010) $465 billion

Exported goods •Rice


•Pulses
•Fruits
•Milk and Products
•Edible Oils
•Sugar
•Cereals etc.

Main Export Partners: Netherlands


(in 2010) Bangladesh
Malaysia
Sri Lanka
UAE
Pakistan,
Uk etc.
IMPORT
Import Report
• India’s agricultural imports have displayed extreme
fluctuations, with sudden surge in imports during the mid 90s.

• The percentage share of agricultural imports in total imports


also has shown very high volatility, having moved in the
range of 28 per cent to less than 2 per cent during the same
period.

• In recent years agricultural imports have grown at a relatively


high rate of about 23, 22 and 27 per cent in 2001-02, 2002-
03 and 2003-04 respectively.
• In recent years, imports of only two items, namely, pulses
and edible oils have recorded consistently high volumes.
There has also been a sharp increase in imports of cotton,
raw wool and rubber.
The Statistics
Imports (in 2010) $286 billion

Imported goods •Tea


•Coffee
•Fruits and Nuts
•Edible Oils
•Sugar
• Roots and Tuber etc.

Main Import Partners: •Nepal


(in 2010) •Bangladesh
•Sri Lanka
•USA
•Pakistan,
•China etc.
Decline in GDP contribution

 The contributions of agriculture sector in the Indian GDP


are as follows:-

1990-91 32%

2007 20%

2008 19.5%
Reasons:-

 More emphasize of government policies on industrial


growth.

 The service sector is blooming and contributing almost


50% to the GDP. Because of the growth of Indian IT and
Banking services.

 Agricultural land is decreasing.

 Lack of agro-biotechnology in India.


Problems In Indian Agriculture
Fragmentation of land
Low Technology Inputs
Unsustainable Water Management
Poor Infrastructure
Low value addition
Inappropriate Research
Expensive Credit.
5 Steps To Boost Indian
Agriculture

Provide incentives.

Support the private sectors.

Implement the food law.

Targeted Foreign buyers.

Public – Private partnerships.


Conclusion

Agriculture occupies a prominent position in Indian


policy-making not only because of its contribution to
GDP but also because of the large proportion of the
population that is dependent on the sector for its
livelihood.

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