A Detailed Lesson Plan in

Science 6

Learning Objectives: The learners should be able to:

 Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system.
 Trace the path of air in the body.
 Identify healthful habit that promote proper functioning of the respiratory
system.
Subject Matter: The Cardiorespiratory System
Reference: Science Links 6, Lord Jam C. Corpuz, Krisstoffer-Lloyd Luicho and
Evelyn Constante Padpad
IMs: Manila Paper, Pictures, Colored Paper
Values: Self-awareness
Science Concept: Cardiorespiratory system consists of the heart and blood vessels,
which work with the respiratory system (the lungs and airways). These body
systems carry oxygen to the muscles and organs of the body, and remove waste
products, including carbon dioxide.

Learning Proper
Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity
I. Elicit
Unlocking Prior Knowledge
- Let’s have first a review of your
lesson to a game. The game is
called “ARRANGE ME”
- In here you are going to arrange
the jumbled letters to form the
mystery word use this statements
as your hint. You are only given - Yes teacher!
10 seconds to answer.
- Did you understand the rules
class?
- Very good!

1. It is the process of
respiration, during which air
is inhaled into the lungs
through the mouth or nose
due to muscle contraction and - BREATHING
then exhaled due to muscle
relaxation.
- REATBHNGI
- What is the mastery word?
- Excellent! The first mastery
word is BREATHING

2. It is usually called the throat,

is part of the respiratory
system and digestive system.
It carries air, food and fluid - PHARYNX
down from the nose and
mouth. The pharynx is the
site of common illnesses,
including sore throat and
tonsillitis.
HAYRNXP
- What is the mystery word?
- Good job!

3. It is the pair of spongy,

pinkish-gray organs in your
chest. When you inhale - LUNGS
(breathe in), air enters your
lungs, and oxygen from that
air moves to your blood. At
the same time, carbon
dioxide, a waste gas, moves
from your blood to the lungs
and is exhaled (breathed out)
UNGSL
- What is the last mystery word?
- Very good! It is a lungs.
- The Mystery Words are:
 Breathing
 Pharynx
 Lungs

- Very good class!

II. Engage
A.Motivation
- May I ask everyone to stand?
- Inhale, Exhale 2X
- This time I want you to put your
right hand in front of your nose
and observe what happens while
doing the breathing exercise,
let’s do it!
- Inhale, exhale 3X
- What did you observe while
doing this activity? - NOSE
- Very good! We inhale and
exhale air in our body.

B. Presentation
- Class what did you learn last - AIR SAC teacher
meeting?

III. Explore
- Its riddle time this activity is
called who am I. Each item has
jumbled letter, you just have to
jumble the letters to form the - CARBON DIOXIDE
word which is describe in the
riddle.
1. S N O E
“I live because I use this organ - ESOPHAGUS
to inhale.”
- Nose! Very good! Number two
is two words, the letters are
- OXYGEN teacher
2. A I S R C A
“I am a lung compartment
 containing air”
- Air sac! Yes Air sac is a lung
compartment containing air. - No teacher
- Number 3 is 2 words what is
this?

3. C O N B A R
DOXEID
“I leave your body when you
breathe out”
4. E S P H O A G S U
“I am a muscular tube
connecting the throat with the
stomach”
- Correct! It is Esophagus.

5. X O Y G N E
“I am a chemical element with
the symbol O!”
- Oxygen! Correct! A chemical
element with the symbol O is
oxygen.

- Do you have any idea of what

were going to learn today?
- So now we are going to discuss
about Cardiorespiratory System.

IV. Explain
- The Cardiorespiratory System
The cardiorespiratory system
consists of the heart and blood
vessels, which work with the
respiratory system (the lungs and
airways). These body systems
carry oxygen to the muscles and
organs of the body, and remove
waste products, including carbon
dioxide.
- Organisms such as plants,
animals, and human beings need
 oxygen for them to be able to
survive. They are considered as
obligate aerobes/aeros. Without
oxygen, we will not be able to
carry out our biological
functions.
- For example, we exchanges
gases with the environment
through the process referred to
as respiration. Respiration
involves the intake of oxygen
and its delivery to the cells of the
different parts the body and the
removal of carbon dioxide. This
happens in humans through the
process of breathing.
- The cardiorespiratory system is
the body system specialized in
carrying out this process in our
body. The human
cardiorespiratory system is
composed of different parts that
work together. they carry out the
essential task of gas exchange.
The organs that comprise the
cardiorespiratory system include
the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
lungs, and the alveoli.

- Main Parts of the

Cardiorespiratory System
- Nasal Cavity
The nostrils are the opening into
the nasal passages that are lined
with hairs. Hairs that that are
found within the nostrils know
as nasal vibrissae which filter
dusts and other particles from
entering the nasal cavity. It is
 important for us to have nasal
vibrissae as they prevent dust
from penetrating deeper in our
trachea. Pathogens and microbes
are then filtered by the
microscopic hairlike projections
in the nasal cavity known as the
cilia. The blood vessels inside
the lining of the nose warm and
humidify air.

- Pharynx and Larynx

The pharynx is an organ of the
respiratory system which serves
as the common passageway for
food and air. It is also known as
the throat. This area can be
infected with certain bacteria if
not taken with utmost care;
hence, it is important for an
individual to maintain and
practice proper hygiene to
prevent the proliferation of
bacteria which could then result
into sore throat and pharyngitis.
The pharynx is composed of the
epiglottis which referred to as a
thin plate of flexible cartilage in
front of the glottis that folds
back over and protects the glottis
during swallowing. The
epiglottis opens to allow the
entry of air and closes to prevent
food from entering the windpipe.

- During swallowing, our

epiglottis closes thus allowing
the entry of food to the
esophagus, and preventing the
food from entering the trachea or
 the windpipe. Below the
epiglottis is the Larynx or the
voice box. The vocal cords
vibrate as air passes through
them; this then allows us to
produce sound and voice.

- Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchiole,

and Alveoli
- The trachea is also known as
windpipe. It is made up of
muscles and elastic fibers and
supported with rings of cartilage
and also lined with cilia that
filters the air we inhale. The
distal end of the trachea
branches out into two call
bronchi.

- The bronchi also branch further

until the smallest tubes called
bronchioles form.

- The bronchioles branch off into

alveoli. These structures
branched from the broncho.

- The alveoli and grapelike

structures at the end of the
bronchioles. They have thin
walls that are equipped with tiny
blood vessels know as capillaries
where gas exchange occurs.

- The alveoli also increase the

surface are of the lungs for
greater exchange of gases to
collect more oxygen. In addition,
the alveoli also protect the lungs
from pathogens.
- Lungs and Diaphragm
- The lungs are located in the
chest cavity surrounded by the
rib cage. Lungs are the main
organs of the respiratory system.
It is where exchange of gases
occurs through the aid of alveoli.
It is the site where oxygen is - The cardiorespiratory system
taken into and carbon dioxide is consists of the heart and blood
expelled out. Each lung is vessels, which work with the
covered with pleural membrane. respiratory system (the lungs and
This membrane produces airways).
slippery fluid which allows the - Nasal Cavity
lungs to glide freely during - Pharynx and Larynx, Trachea,
breathing. The pleural membrane Bronchi, Bronchioles, and
can easily slide from side to side Alveoli, Lungs and Diaphragm.
across one another. Below the
lungs is the diaphragm. It is a
dome-shaped muscle that
controls breathing. When we
inhale, the diaphragm contracts
and pulls air inward and it
relaxes when we exhale, thus,
expelling the air rich with carbon
dioxide out.

- Breathing
During inhalation, the diaphragm
contracts or moves down which
causes the chest cavity to
expand, allowing air to move
into the lungs. The movement of
your rib cage and diaphragm
causes your chest cavity to
expand, lowering the air pressure
in your lungs. As a result, air
rushes into your lungs, causing
them to expand and fill the chest
cavity.
- During exhalation the diaphragm
relaxes and returns to its normal
resting position. As you breathe
out, your chest relaxes or goes
back to normal position. Most of
the time, breathing is an
unconscious response. Its rate
depends on the activity level of
the body. When you are asleep,
your breathing slows down; in
contrary, when you do strenuous
activity, your breathing speeds
up. There are times that there is
an excessive rate and depth of
respiration which could lead to
abnormal loss of carbon dioxide
from blood; this case is known
as hyperventilation. In contrary
to hyperventilation, hypoxia is
referred to as a deficiency of
oxygen reaching the tissues of
the body. To avoid having these
kinds of irregularities, we
regulate our breathing rate and
avoid doing things which could - To prevent heart disease and
lead us into the development of lower your risk for a heart attack
hyperventilation. or stroke.
- So class, what is
cardiorespiratory system?

- Very good! What are the main

parts of the cardiorespiratory
system?

- Other components of the

Cardiorespiratory System
- In addition with the organs
which are responsible for
respiration and breathing, other
organs also compose the
cardiorespiratory system. These
organs include the heart and the
blood vessels such as the
arteries, veins, capillaries and the
blood.

- The heart
The heart is the pumping organ
of the cardiovascular system. It
is located at the center of the
chest slightly tilted to the left.
The heart is normally positioned
with 2/3 of its bulk to the left of
the breastbone. The heart keeps
blood moving throughout the
body. It beats around three
billion times during an average
lifetime. While doing exercise
and other strenuous activities,
the heart usually beats faster.
Our heart is composed of cardiac
muscles which are considered as
involuntary muscles. These
kinds of muscles keep the heart
beating thus allowing it to pump
blood all throughout our body.

- Heart Chambers
The heart is divided into four
chambers; the left and right atria
and the left and right ventricles.
The atria are responsible for
receiving blood coming from all
parts of the body. On the other
hand, the ventricles are the
pumping chambers of the heart.
 These four chambers are
connected with one another and
they are just separated by several
structures inside the heart.
- When the ventricles contract,
oxygen-rich blood is forced
away from the heart and is sent
to the different parts of the body.
The muscles of the walls of
ventricles are much thicker than
the muscles or the atria. Between
the atria and ventricles are the
mitral and tricuspid valves. The
valves are overlapping layers of
tissues that allow blood to flow
only in one direction.

- Why we need to take good care

- About cardiorespiratory system
of our heart?
teacher
- Very good! And of course - The cardiorespiratory system
proper exercise and proper diet consists of the heart and blood
with food rich in good fat. vessels, which work with the
respiratory system (the lungs and
- Heartbeat airways).
Your heartbeat is the contraction - Nasal Cavity, Pharynx and
of your heart to pump blood to Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi,
your lungs and the rest of your Bronchioles, and Alveoli, Lungs
body. Your heart's electrical and Diaphragm
system determines how fast your
heart beats. - Heart, Heart Chambers,
Heartbeat, Heart Sounds, Blood
- Heart Sounds Vessels, Arteries, Veins and
are created from blood flowing Capillaries.
through the heart chambers as
the cardiac valves open and
close during the cardiac cycle.
Vibrations of these structures
from the blood flow create
audible sounds the more
turbulent the blood flow, the
 more vibrations that get created.
The sound consists of a pattern
of two syllable: lub dub. The - A teacher
first sound lub is produced by
the vibration of the ventricles
when they contract, and the
closing of the valves between the
atria and the ventricles
(atrioventricular valves). The
second sound dub is produced by
the vibration of the valves - A teacher
(semilunar valves or SL valves)
within the blood vessels
(pulmonary artery and aorta),
which are connected to the heart.

- The Blood Vessels - A teacher

Blood vessels are channels that
carry blood throughout your
body. They form a closed loop,
like a circuit, that begins and
ends at your heart. Together, the - D teacher
heart vessels and blood vessels
form your circulatory system.
Your body contains about
60,000 miles of blood vessels.

- Arteries - B teacher
Arteries, part of your circulatory
(cardiovascular) system, are the
blood vessels that bring oxygen-
rich blood from your heart to all
of your body's cells. They play a
crucial role in distributing - Nasal Cavity
oxygen, nutrients and hormones
throughout your body.
- Heart
- Veins
Veins are blood vessels located
throughout your body that - Heartbeat
 collect oxygen-poor blood and
return it to your heart. Veins are
part of your circulatory system. - Cilia
They work together with other
blood vessels and your heart to
keep your blood moving. Veins
hold most of the blood in your - Pharynx
body
- Trachea
- Capillaries
- Capillaries
Are delicate blood vessels that
exist throughout your body.
They transport blood, nutrients
and oxygen to cells in your
organs and body systems. - Lungs
Capillaries are the smallest blood
vessels in your vascular system. - Diaphragm
- Remember, we need to keep - Veins
healthy our Cardiorespiratory
System.
- We need to do exercise, eat a
well-balanced diet, live in a
clean environment, do not smoke
cigarettes and avoid going near
smokers.

V. Encapsulate
- What did you learn today?

- Very good! What is

cardiorespiratory system again?

- What are the main parts of the 1. Nostrils

cardiorespiratory system? 2. Trachea
3. Bronchi
- Very good class! 4. Lungs
- What are the other components 5. Gas
of the respiratory system?
- Very good! It seems that you
really listen.

VI. Elaborate
Question and Answer
- I want you to describe the
structure and function of the
parts of the respiratory system
by answering each question.

1. Which of the following best

describe your lungs?
a. They are porous and spongy
b. They are flat and thick tissues
c. They look like inflated
balloons.
d. They are the highest organ of
the human body.

2. What is the function of the

Respiratory System?
a. To help in breathing
b. To make the lungs healthy
c. To supply the blood with
carbon dioxide

3. What do you call the tiny hair

that filter the air through the
nose?
a. Cilia
b. Throat
c. Air sacs
d. Mustache
4. Where the exchange of gasses
takes place?
a. Pharynx
b. Trachea
c. Air sacs
d. Lungs
5. What happens to the diaphragm
when you exhale?
a. It swings
b. It expands
c. It contracts
d. It stops

VII. Evaluation
Chose your answer from the box.
1. ______ The nostrils are
the opening into the nasal
passages that are lined
with hairs.
2. _____ The pumping organ
of the cardiovascular
system
3. _____ The contraction of
your heart to pump blood
to your lungs and the rest
of your body.
4. _____ filtered by the
microscopic hairlike
projections in the nasal
cavity known as.
5. _____ It is known as the
throat
6. _____It is known as
windpipe
7. _____ Are delicate blood
vessels that exist
throughout your body
8. _____ are located in the
chest cavity surrounded by
the rib cage.
9. _____ Below the lungs is
the
10._____ Are blood vessels
located throughout your
body that collect oxygen-
 poor blood and return it to
your heart.

Veins Capillaries Trachea

Lungs Pharynx Cilia

Diaphragm Nasal Cavity

Heart Heartbeat

VIII. Extend
- Complete the paragraph by
writing the appropriate word on
each item.

- When air enters our nose, it

passes through the (1) ______. It
passes to the pharynx and then to
the (2) _____. Then the air
continues to pass through the (3)
_____ down to the lungs. The
(4) _____ contain millions of
alveoli. It also the sites of (5)
_____ exchange between air and
blood.