WORK SHEET CLASS XII

D AND F BLOCK ELEMENT

Worksheet CH-12_8(subjective)
Section 1st
Q1. Why do the transition elements show variable oxidation states?
Q2. First ionization energies of 5d elements are higher than those of 3d and 4d elements. Give reason.
Q3. Transition elements show paramagnetic behaviour. Give reason.
Q4. Name a transition element which does not exhibit variable oxidation state.
Q5. How would you account for the increasing oxidising power in the series VO+ 2−
2 < Cr2 O7 < MnO4 ?
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Q6. Calculate the magnetic moment of a divalent ion in aqueous solution if its atomic number is 25.
Q7. Name a member of the lanthanoid series which is known to exhibit +4 oxidation state.
Q8. Why are transition elements so named?
Q9. Why are transition elements known as d-block elements?
Q10. How many elements are present in the d-block of the periodic table?
Q11. Why does a transition series contain 10 elements?
Q12. Which is the most common oxidation state of lanthanoids?
Q13. Why is copper (At no. 29) considered a transition metal?
Q14. In the transition series, starting from lanthanum (57 La), the next element hafnium (72 Hf), has an atomic number of 72.
Why do we observe this jump in atomic number?
Q15. Why are lanthanoids called 𝑓-block elements?
Q16. The size of the trivalent cations in the lanthanoid series decreases steadily as the atomic number increases. What is this
known as?
Q17. Give the general electronic configuration of actinoids.
Q18. Write the formula of a compound where transition metal is in +7 oxidation state.
Q19. write any one use of pyrophoric alloys.
Q20. What type of magnetic behaviour is shown by the molecules containing unpaired electrons?
Q21. What is the maximum oxidation state shown by actinoids?
Q22. In the transition series with an increase in atomic number, the atomic radius does not change very much. Why?
Q23. What do you mean by 18 carat gold?
Q24. What is the common oxidation state of Cu, Ag and Au?
Q25. Give an example of disproportionation reaction.
Q26. Why silver and gold are known as coinage metals?
Q27. Name a transition metal which does not exhibit variation in oxidation state in its compounds.
Q28. Which divalent metal ion has maximum paramagnetic character among the first transition metals? Why?
Q29. What is the effect of increasing pH on K 2 Cr2 O7 solution?
Q30. What is the basic difference between the electronic configurations of transition and inner transition elements?
Q31. Why do transition elements show similarities along the horizontal period?
Q32. Out of the following, identify (i) the ′𝑑′ block element and (ii) the ′𝑓′ block element. Ca, Mn, U, Al.
Q33. Why are complex ions readily formed when water molecules react with cations but not with hydronium ions?
Q34. What is the most characteristic oxidation state of lanthanoides?
Q35. Which is more stable Fe2+ or Fe3+ and why?
Q36. Why is K 2 Cr2 O7 generally preferred over Na 2 Cr2 O7 in volumetric analysis although both are oxidising agents?
Q37. Arrange the following in increasing order of acidic character: CrO3 , CrO, Cr2O3 .
Q38. What is Baeyer’s reagent?

BY : SONAL MADAM
Q39. The size of the trivalent cations in the lanthanoid series decreases steadily as the atomic number increases. What is this
known as?
Q40. Writ the outer electronic configuration of lanthanoids.
Q41. The electronic configuration of 𝐶𝑜2+ and 𝐶𝑢2+ is 𝑑7 and 𝑑9 respectively, which of these ions is expected to be more
paramagnetic?
Q42. Why does V2 O5 act as catalyst?
Q43. What is the highest oxidation state shown by the element with atomic number 23?
Q44. Why do transition metals have high enthalpy of hydration?
Q45. Why is copper (Z = 29) considered a transition metal?
Q46. Why is radius of Fe2+ less than that of Mn2+ ?
Q47. Why is electronic configuration 1𝑠 2 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 3𝑠 6 3𝑝6 4𝑠 2 3𝑑4 not correct for ground state of Cr(24)?
Q48. What is the most stable oxidation state of Ti (Z = 22) in aqueous solution?
Q49. Name one ore of manganese and chromium.
Q50. Why do Zr and Hf exhibit almost similar properties?
Q51. What are the two important oxidation states of group 6 elements of the periodic table?
Q52. Name the lanthanoid element which exhibits a +4 oxidation state beside +3 oxidation state.
Q53. What is the general formula by which the electronic configuration of the transition elements is represented?
Q54. Which trivalent ion has the largest size in lanthanoid series?
Q55. Complete the following: TiCl4 + H2 O →
Q56. Arrange the following in increasing order of basic character: MnO, MnO2 , Mn2 O7 .
Q57. Why is La (OH)3 stronger base than Lu (OH)3?
Q58. Is it possible for La (Z = 57) to show +4 oxidation state?
Section 2nd
Q1. Explain the following facts
(a) Transition metals act as catalysts.
(b) Chromium group elements have the highest melting points in their respective series.
(c) Transition metals metals form coloured complexes.
Q2. Discuss the relative stability in aqueous solution of +2 oxidation state among the elements:
Cr, Mn, Fe and Co. How would you justify this situation? (At. Nos. Cr = 24, Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Co = 27)
Q3. Compare actinoids and lanthanoids with reference to their:
(i) Electronic configurations of atoms (ii) oxidation states of elements (iii) general chemical reactivity of
elements.
Q4. Assign a reason for each of the following
(i) The third ionization energy of Mn (Z = 25) is higher than that of either Cr (Z = 24) or Fe (Z = 26).
(ii) Simple copper (I) salts are not stable in aqueous solutions.
Q5. Describe the trends in the following properties of the first series of the transition elements:
(i) Oxidation states (ii) Atomic sizes (iii) Magnetic behaviour of dipositive gaseous ions (Mn2+).
Q6. Complete the following chemical reaction equations:
(i) MnO4− (𝑎𝑞) + C2 O2− +
4 (𝑎𝑞) + H (𝑎𝑞) → (ii) Cr2 O2− 2+ +
7 (𝑎𝑞) + Fe (𝑎𝑞) + H (𝑎𝑞) →
Q7. How would you account for the following:
(i) Many of the transition elements and their compounds can act as good catalysts.
(ii) The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition elements are virtually the same as those of the corresponding
members of the second series.
(iii) There is a greater range of oxidation states among the actinoids than among the lanthanoids.
Q8. On what basis can you say that scandium (Z = 21) is transition element but zinc (Z = 30) is not?
Q9. Why is Cr 2+ reducing and Mn3+ oxidising when both have 𝑑4 configuration?
Q10. For the first row transition metals the E° values are:
E° V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu
(M 2+ /M) −1.18 −0.91 −1.18 −0.44 −0.28 −0.25 +0.34
Explain the irregularity in the above values.
Q11. Why is the E° value for the M 3+ /M 2+ couple much more positive than that for Cr 3+ /Cr 2+ or Fe3+ /Fe2+? Explain.

BY : SONAL MADAM
Q12. What is meant by ‘disproportionation’ of an oxidation state? Give an example.
Q13. Which metal in the first series of transition metals exhibits + 1 oxidation state most frequently and why?
Q14. Why is Ti+2 ion paramagnetic in nature?
Q15. Why are Zn, Cd, and Hg normally not regarded as transition metals?
Q16. Why does Mn (II) ion show the maximum paramagnetic behaviour among bivalent ions of the first transition series?
Q17. K 2 [PtCl6 ] is a well known compound whereas the corresponding Ni compound is not known. State reason for it.
Q18. In transition series, with an increase in atomic number, the atomic radius does not change very much. Why is it so?
Q19. Why do the d-block elements exhibit a large number of oxidation states than 𝑓-block elements.
Q20. How do the oxides of transition elements in lower oxidation states differ from those in higher oxidation state in the nature
of metal-oxygen bonding and why?
Q21. What is the basic difference between the electronic configurations of transition and inner transition elements?
Q22. Decide giving reasons which one of the following pairs exhibits the property indicated:
(i) 𝑆𝑐 3+ 𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑟 3+ exhibits paramagnetism.
(ii) V or mn exhibits more number of oxidation states. (Atomic numbers : Sc = 21; Cr = 24; V = 23; Mn = 25)
Q23. Account for the following:
(i) Cerium (atomic number = 58) forms tetra positive ion, Ce4+ in aqueous solution.
(ii) The second and third members in each group of transition element have similar atomic radii.
Q24. Among the ionic species Sc 3+ , Ce4+ and Eu2+ which one is a good oxidising agent? Give a suitable reason for your answer.
(Atomic numbers: Sc = 21; Ce = 58; Eu = 63).
Q25. Lanthanum, gadolinium and lutetium are extraordinarily stable in +3 oxidation state. Explain (Atomic number; La = 57, Gd
= 64, Lu = 71).
Q26. How would you account of the following:
(i) Transition metals have high enthalpy of atomization.
(ii) Transition metals exhibit variable oxidation states.
(iii) Transition metals have a strong tendency to form complexes?
Section 3rd
Q1. Give reasons for the following:
(a) Transition metals have high enthalpies of atomization.
(b) Among the lanthanoids, Ce(III) is easily oxidized to Ce(IV)
(c) Fe3+ |Fe2+ redox couple has less positive electrode potential than Mn3+ |Mn2+ couple.
(d) Copper (I) has 𝑑10 configuration, while copper (II) has 𝑑9 configuration, still copper (II) is more stable in aqueous
solution than copper (I).
(e) The second and third transition series elements have almost similar atomic radii.
Q2. (a) Out of Ag 2 SO4 , CuF2 , MgF2 and CuCl, which compound will be coloured and why?
(b) Explain:
(i) 𝐶𝑟𝑂42− is a strong oxidizing agent while MnO2−
4 is not.
(ii) 𝑍𝑟 and 𝐻𝑓 have identical sizes.
(iii) The lowest oxidation state of manganese is basic while the highest is acidic.
(iv) Mn (II) shows maximum paramagnetic character amongst the divalent ions of the first transition series.
Q3. (a) In the titration of FeSO4 with KMnO4 in the acidic medium, why is dil H2 SO4 used instead of dil HCl?
(b) Give reasons:
(i) Among transition metals, the highest oxidation state is exhibited in oxoanions of a metal.
(ii) Ce4+ is used as an oxidizing agent in volumetric analysis.
(iii) Transition metals form a number of interstitial compounds.
(iv) 𝑍𝑛2+ salts are white while Cu2+ salts are blue.
Q4. Assign reasons for the following:
(i) The enthalpies of atomisation of transition elements are high.
(ii) The transition metals and many of their compounds act as good catalysts.
(iii) From element to element, the actinoid contraction is greater than the lanthanoid contraction.
(iv) The E° value for the Mn3+ /Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that of Cr 3+ /Cr 2+.
(v) Scandium (Z = 21) does not exhibit variable oxidation states and yet it is regarded as a transition element.

BY : SONAL MADAM
Q5. (a) What may be the possible oxidation states of the transition metals with the following d-electronic configurations in the
ground state of their atoms: 3𝑑3 4𝑠 2 , 3𝑑5 4𝑠 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑑6 4𝑠 2 . Indicate relative stability of oxidation states in each case.
(b) Write steps involved in the preparation of (i) Mn2 CrO4 from chromite ore and (ii) K 2 MnO4 from pyrolusite ore.
Q6. (a) Complete the following chemical reaction equations:
(i) MnO4− (𝑎𝑞) + C2 O2− +
4 (𝑎𝑞) + H (𝑎𝑞) → (ii) Cr2 O2− 2+ +
7 (𝑎𝑞) + F (𝑎𝑞) + H (𝑎𝑞) →
(b) Explain the following observations about the transition/inner transition elements:
(i) There is in general an increase in density of element form titanium (Z = 22) to copper (Z = 29).
(ii) There occurs much more frequent metal-metal bonding in compounds of heavy transition elements (3rd series).
(iii) The numbers in the actinoid series exhibit a large number of oxidation states than the corresponding members in the
lanthanoid series.
Q7. (a) Complete the following chemical equations for reactions:
(i) MnO− 2−
4 (aq)+S2 O3 (𝑎𝑞) + H2 O(𝑙) → (ii) 𝐶𝑟𝑂7− (𝑎𝑞) + H2 S(g) + H + (𝑎𝑞) →
(b) Give an explanation for each of the following observations:
i. The gradual decrease in size (actinoid contraction) from element to element is grater among the actinoids than that
among the lanthanoids (lanthanoid contraction).
ii. The greatest number of oxidation states are exhibited by the members in the middle of a transition series.
iii. With the same 𝑑-orbital configuration (𝑑4 ) 𝐶𝑟 2+ ion is a reducing agent but Mn+3 ion is an oxidising agent.
Q8. (a) Complete the following chemical reaction equations:
(i) Cr2 O2− − +
7 (𝑎𝑞) + I (𝑎𝑞) + H (𝑎𝑞) → (ii) MnO− 2+ +
4 (𝑎𝑞) + Fe (𝑎𝑞) + H (𝑎𝑞) →
(b) Explain the following observations:
(i) In general the atomic radii of transition elements decrease with atomic number in a given series.
°
(ii) The EM 2+ |M for copper is positive (+0.34 𝑉). It is the only metal in the first series of transitin elements showing this

type of behaviour.
(iii) The E° value for Mn3+ |Mn2+ couple is much more positive than for Cr 3+ |Cr 2+ Or Fe3+ |Fe2+ couple.
Q9. (a) What is meant by term lanthanoid contraction? What is it due to and what consequences does it have on the
chemistry of elements following lanthanoids in the periodic table?
(b) Explain the following observations:
(i) 𝐶𝑢+ ion is unstable in aqueous solutions.
(ii) Although Co2+ ion appears to be stable, it is easily oxidized to Co3+ ion in the presence of a strong ligand.
°
(iii) The EMn 2+ |Mn value for manganese is much more than expected from the trend for other elements in the

series.
Q10. (a) Complete the following chemical reaction equations:
(i) 𝐹𝑒 2+ (𝑎𝑞) + 𝑀𝑛𝑂4− (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻 + (𝑎𝑞) → (ii) Cr2 O2− − +
7 (𝑎𝑞) + I (𝑎𝑞) + H (𝑎𝑞) →
(b) Explain the following observations:
(i) Transition elements are known to form many interstitial compounds.
(ii) With the same 𝑑4 𝑑-orbital configuration Cr 2+ ion is reducing while Mn3+ ion is oxidising.
(iii) The enthalpies of atomisation of the transition elements are quite high.
Q11. Complete the following chemical reaction equations:
(i) CrO72− (𝑎𝑞) + H2 S(g) + H + (𝑎𝑞) → (ii) MnO2 (𝑠) + KOH(𝑎𝑞) + O(2) →
(b) Explain the following observations:
(i) Transition metals form compounds which are usually coloured.
(ii) Transition metals exhibit variable oxidation states.
(iii) The actinoids exhibit a greater range of oxidation states than the lanthanoids.
Q12. (a) The electronic configurations of two members of the lanthanoid series are as follows:
4𝑓1 5𝑑1 6𝑠 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑓 7 5𝑑0 6𝑠 2 . What are their atomic numbers? Predict the oxidation states exhibited by these elements
in their compounds.
(b) Assign reason for each of the following statements:
(i) The largest number of oxidation states are exhibited of the elements in the middle of the first row of the transition
elements.
(ii) The atomic radii decrease in size with the increasing atomic number in the lanthanoid series.
Q13. (a) Write the steps involved in the preparation of:

BY : SONAL MADAM
 (i) K 2 Cr2 O7 from Na 2 Cr2 O7 (ii) KMnO4 from K 2 MnO4 (iii) Calomel from corrosive sublimate
(b) What is meant by lanthanoid contraction? What effect does it have on the chemistry of the elements which following
lanthanoids?

BY : SONAL MADAM