KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(KNUST), KUMASI

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CENG 291 (ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY)

PROJECT: IMPROVING THE IMPROPER DISPOSAL OF WASTE LEADING TO THE

OUTBREAK OF DISEASES IN AKIM-ODA SDA COMMUNITY.

NAME: AGYEMANG DANKWA DAVID

INDEX NUMBER: 8303819

DATE: SEPTEMBER 2020

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I thank the almighty God for the knowledge, Wisdom and understanding granted me for
bringing this project to a successful completion. I deeply express my sincere gratitude to my project
coordinator and the lectures in the college of engineering for introducing this course and for their efforts
in ensuring all Students in the department to undertake this project .

Indeed , this project couldn't have reached this milestone without the aid of Miss Anima Boateng
kimblien with her notable contributions and ideas which probed me to meet the requirements and
expectations of the course .

Throughout the whole project , I have relied on the assistance and expertise of many friends , Colleagues
and senior course mates in the field of academia and community as well who contributed immensely
through discussions and interviews . I humbly appreciate their efforts .

Finally , A special thanks to my parents for their supportive hands and providing me with some useful
information concerning the problem identification and its effect in the community throughout the whole
project .

DEDICATION

I dedicate this entire project work to my beloved father , Mr. Joseph Agyemang Dankwa , who made me
understand the fact that " success is a journey and not a destination" and in recognition of his inspirational
guidance and monumental contributions.
 ABSTRACT

Waste management is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in modern times. In spite
of the numerous efforts by various governments all over the world to arrest it, technology has not
been able to effectively control waste generated in communities worldwide. It appears it has rather
worsened the situation . Waste management as a social problem has neither spared the developed nor
developing nations as statistics have shown that some developed nations are seriously grappling with
this bane .

This project was pursued to tackle the improper disposal of waste due to lack of waste collectors and
other proper means of managing the waste for the people in the community. The main methods for data
acquisition were the use of researches , interview, surveys and questionnaires. Some vital information
were received from the community leaders and other people in the community.

The information I received from key informant research , interviews , questionnaires and field
investigation supported by quantitative analysis which were employed to identify the waste management
as one of the most challenging concern of the people living in the community.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................... i

DEDICATION ................................................................................. i

ABSTRACT ................................................................................ii

CHAPTERS .................................................................................... iii

FIGURES ....................................................................................... iv

TABLES ........................................................................................ v

CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................

INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 2-3

1.0 Course Background .................................................... 2

1.1 Background to the study ............................................. 2

1.2 Importance of study .................................................... 2

1.3 Aims and Objectives ................................................... 3

1.4 Report outline .............................................................. 3

CHAPTER TWO ................................................................

MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................ 4-8

2.0 Problem identification ............................................ .4

2.1 Map presentation .................................................... 4

2.2 Data collection ...................................................... 5-8

CHAPTER THREE ........................................................

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS .............................. 9-20

3.0 Description of SDA community .......................... 9

3.1 Nature of the problem ........................................ 10-13

3.2 Causes of the problem ........................................ 14

3.3 Effects of the problem .......................................... 15-18

3.4 About Industrial engineering .............................. 19-20

CHAPTER FOUR ........................................................

APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE IN ENGINEERING TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM ...................

21-22

4.0 Properties .................................................................... 21

4.1 Procedure ................................................................... 21

4.2 Mechanism and Operation ....................................... 22

CHAPTER FIVE ...................................................................................

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .......................................... 23-25.

5.0 Recommendation ....................................................................... 23-24

5.1 Conclusion ............................................................ 25

 CHAPTER SIX ...............................................................

REFERENCES ...................................................................... 26

CHAPTER SEVEN ...........................................................

APPENDIX ........................................................................ 27 - 32

QUESTIONNAIRE .............................................................. 27-30

OTHER MAP .................................................................... 31

LETTER OF INTRODUCTION ............................................. 32

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 : A view of Akim-Oda SDA community ......................................................................

Figure 2.1.2 : Map of Akim-Oda Sda community ......................................................................

Figure 2.2.3 : Pictures of refuse been dumped in Akim-Oda Sda community ............................
Figure : A clear bar chart showing how the people are affected with the improper disposal of
waste ...............................................................................................

Figure 3.3.1 : A picture explanation of soil contamination as affected by the

people. .........................................................................................

Figure 3.3.2. How water contamination has been an effect in the Community ..............................

Figure 3.4.1 : Industrial engineers working in their field. .......................................................

Figure 4.2.1 : A clear diagram of refuse collector ......................................................................

Figure 7.1 Other Map ..................................................................................................................

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.2.1 How people dispose their waste ........... ......................................................

Table 2.2.2. Survey at Area A ..........................................................................................

Table 2.2.3 Survey at Area B .......................................................................................

Table 2.2.4. Survey at Area C ......................................................................................

Figure 1.1 : A view of Akim-Oda SDA community
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Course Background :

The aim of this course is to inculcate in Students an appreciation of the fact that Engineering is one of the
key influences that shapes our society to solve societal problems and improve the way we live .

1.1 Importance of study :

Engineering in society is to help Students to identify problems in their society and design possible
engineering Solutions from their field of specialization to solve the problem if possible . At the end of this
course , engineering students should have a deepened interest in their discipline of engineering and come
to appreciate the extent to which their field can contribute to the areas of their life .

1.2 Background to the study :

Solid waste as defined by RCRA ( Resource conservation recovery act ) is any hazardous waste or
material which comes from domestic , commercial and industrial sources arising from human activities
which is rendered non-recyclable , incinerated and has no value to people who possess it and is discarded
as useless .

Waste disposal has been a problematic and concomitant aspect of living in Akim-Oda SDA community ,
which leads to the pollution of the environment and to the outbreaks of certain diseases like cholera ,
typhoid , malaria and some outbreaks of vector-borne diseases which is harmful to people exposed to
these unsanitary conditions .

1.3 Aims and Objectives :

Managing of solid waste disposal in an efficient way is a key factor in promoting the development of a
society. This study is aimed at examining the key factors effective in waste management in the society to
suggest possible ways to solve the problem. this research and study is directed towards achieving the
following objectives :

 How the uncovered mining pits can be managed to avoid it serving as a means to waste disposal.

 To examine means of waste disposal by households in SDA community.

 To analyse how the waste collected is finally disposed of.

 Seeks to suggest suitable and lasting solutions to the identified societal waste disposal problem to
the well benefit of the people in Akim-Oda SDA community.

 To get to know the adverse effects it has on the economic, social and health lives of the people in
Akim-Oda SDA community.
1.4 Report outline :

This report coupons with a brief introduction which consist of the course of study and its significance ,
background to the study. Following this is a statement of aims and objectives of the course, methodology
which consists of problem identification, Map preparation and data collection. discussion of results was
followed where we have description of community, nature , characteristics of the problem and its adverse
effects. This report was concluded with how knowledge in engineering can be used to solve the problem
and recommendations.
 CHAPTER TWO

MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.0 Problem identification :

Over the years and months I have stayed in my community , we have been facing a lot of problems like
Poor roads , lack of street lights which has increased theft rate, water problem , Lack of General public
toilet , Poor disposal of waste . But after several surveys , I realized sanitation problem due to improper
disposal of waste has been one of the uncontrollable problem in the community. The problem was
identified after the survey I did in the community. I consulted the elders in the community like
Assemblyman, Youth chairman , and other people in the community to find out whether it was a real
problem the community is facing. Upon identifying such a problem, I also got to realised that since waste
is disposed improperly, many people have lost the life of their beloved ones as a cause of some diseases
the bad sanitation brought and some also losing their life by falling into this uncovered mining pit.

Akim-Oda SDA community is in the Birim Central municipal district in the Eastern region, and is a
growing community where various business are coming up; stores, barbering shops , school and other
private business which generate a lot of waste and others too from respective homes. Through
questionnaire, interviews and secondary data , vital information was collected about the problem of
improper disposal of waste in Akim Oda SDA community.

2.1 Map preparation :

Google maps and Google Earth application was used by taking screenshots of the community under the
map Preparation.

2.2 Data collection :

Through surveys , meaningful data was collected where sample questions were prepared to guide the
sorting out of the information from individuals concerning the problem. A pretested and self administered
questionnaire was used for primary data collection covering about 50 households which were selected
randomly . Again, several interviews were also conducted to solicit views from the people to help identify
the problem, causes , some adverse effects and Solutions in place to rectify the problem.Data were
analysed according to the descriptive statistics . Many members of the community upon conducting many
interviews told me that , due to such a problem, there have been an outbreak of many diseases and to the
extent of loss of life.
Below is the data I conducted through interviews and with the aid of questionnaire on how people in the
community do their dumping.

NUMBER OF PEOPLE AND HOW THEY DOSPOSE OFF THEIR WASTE IN THE COMMUNITY

Number of people Mode of waste disposal

12 Open area

15 Uncovered mining pits

3 Collector

5 Bush

Table 2.2.1

The table above indicate clearly the number of people and how they do disposed off their waste. Out of
this 35 people I interviewed , 12 people dispose their waste in an open area , 15 people dump theirs in an
uncovered mining pits, 3 people throw theirs in a collector at their respective homes and 5 people dump
theirs in bush.

After collecting information on how people in the community disposed their waste , several surveys were
taken in each area in the community. This survey examines the status of solid waste management in my
community in relation to the level of awareness of the people about the environment and health hazards
associated with disorganized management of solid waste . Below is a table showing the several surveys
taken in each area in the community to know their sanitation condition , the problem they face concerning
the improper disposal of waste and their suggestive Solutions they think can help prevent or manage the
improper disposal of waste .
 Survey at Area A ( Sda Junction )

Age Time of stay Problem faced Sanitation Suggestive idea of

(years ) condition of place Solution

30 2 Expensive fee at Low Reduction in cost

collection of collection

26 2 Inadequate Low Provision of

dustbins dustbins

35 7 Absence of waste Low Provision of

collectors collectors

40 5 Inadequate Low Provision of

dustbins dustbins

21 8 Low waste Very low Frequent waste

collection collection
frequency

29 7 Expensive fee at Low Reduction in cost

collection of collection

38 3 Absence of waste Very low Provision of

collectors collectors

Table 2.2.2
Survey at Area B ( Assemblyman street )

Age Time of stay Problem faced Sanitation Suggestive idea of

(years ) condition of place Solution

27 2 Unavailability of Very low Provision of

collectors collectors

32 6 Expensive fee at Low Reduction in cost

collection of collection

39 3 Low waste Very low Frequent waste

collection collection

51 3 No sanitary Very low Frequent sanitation

exercise exercises

44 5 Absence of waste Low Provision of waste

collectors collectors

19 Temporal Absence of waste Bad Provision of

collectors collectors

30 4 Low waste Very low Frequent waste

collection collection

Table 2.2.3
Survey at Area C ( Onokwafo street )

Age Time of stay Problem faced Sanitation Suggestive idea of

(years ) condition of place Solution

22 Temporal Indiscriminate Bad Control littering

littering

27 1 Absence of waste Low Provision of

collectors collectors

38 3 Low waste Low Frequent waste

collection collection

35 2 Inadequate Very low Provision of

dustbins dustbins

46 2 Expensive fee at Low Reduction in cost

collection of collection

54 1 Inadequate Very low Provision of

dustbins dustbins

20 Temporal Unavailability of Very bad Provision of

collectors collectors

Table 2.2.4
 CHAPTER THREE

DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS

3.0 Description of Akim-Oda SDA community:

Akim - Oda SDA is a town in the Birim Central municipal district in the Eastern region of Ghana .it is
about 83km from its regional capital town, Koforidua . Akim Oda SDA is a community where most of the
inhabitants are traders and some with other businesses. In the community, there is only one government
school and no Private school. The community has an estimated population of 3,000. Below is the map of
the town.

Figure 2.1.2 : Map showing Akim Oda community

3.1 Nature of the problem :

The problem of improper waste disposal in Akim-Oda SDA community has posed a great threat and
worry to the social and economic lives of the people . The problem has affected both children , youths and
adults living in the community.

The community has no dumping site which makes people in the community dump their refuse into an
uncovered pits , open area , bushes . This has brought air pollution and outbreak of certain diseases . The
inappropriate place for this refuse dumping in the community serves as the breeding place and area for
mosquitoes and other pest and parasites in the community .

Below are pictures of how waste are been disposed in the community :
Figure 2.2.3

Figure 2.2.4
Figure 2.2.5
3.2 Causes of the improper disposal of waste

After several interviews, surveys and research within the community , I came to realize the causes of the
improper disposal of waste . Below are some of the causes ;

1. Unavailability of litter bins

Most of the individuals lamented that, the community was lacking an appreciable number of
dustbins at various vantage point, for instance, along the sidewalks and also in homes. Some
people also made it understandable that, the supply of dustbins in the homes are inadequate for
their purpose of disposal .

2. Expensive fee paid during waste collection

As my own experience, some of the waste collectors of zoom lion, charge more than enough
while performing their job. I have witness collectors taking as high as 40 Ghana Cedis for a
single full-size dustbin before it can be emptied. Paying this high amount of money for disposal
of waste will set others off from dumping their water into dustins for collectors to come and pick
it but rather use a different wrong means.

3. Indiscriminate littering

One of the causes of the poor waste management in the community is the attitude of the
inhabitants of the community. The people put rubbish about as if everywhere is a dustbin. Right
after eating in a car, they drop their waste right through the window onto the floor and with some
other means to litter the whole environment.
3.3 EFFECTS OF IMPROPER DISPOSAL

Since waste are managed improperly , there has been a lot of adverse effects on the people in the
community , animals and the economy as a whole . Below are some of the effects of the improper
disposal of waste :

1. Soil contamination

Soil contamination is a problem caused by improper waste removal and disposal. Some wastes that end
up in landfills excrete hazardous chemicals that leak into the soil. Take the case of plastic bottles. When
they eventually break down, they release a carcinogen that affects our reproduction systems, causes liver
dysfunction, and weight loss. Soil contamination does not only affect plant growth, it is also unhealthy to
humans and animals feeding on those plants.

Figure 3.3.1
2. Air contamination

Waste that contains hazardous chemicals, such as bleach and acids, needs to be disposed of properly, and
only in approved containers with correct labels.

Some papers and plastics are burned in landfills, emitting gas and chemicals that hurt the ozone layer.
Waste that releases dioxins are also dangerous and pose a health risk when they diffuse into the air that
we breathe. Add to that the methane gases that decomposing wastes release.

3. Water contamination

Hazardous wastes in the environment leech into the ground, and ultimately, into ground water. This water
is used for many things, from watering the local fields to drinking. Toxic liquid chemicals from waste can
also seep into water streams and bodies of water.

Figure 3.3.2

4. Bad impact on human health

Improper disposal of waste can greatly affect the health of the population living nearby the polluted area
or landfills. Waste disposal workers and other employees in these landfill facilities are at a greater risk.
Exposure to improperly handled wastes can cause skin irritations, blood infections, respiratory problems,
growth problems, and even reproductive issues.
5. Impact on animals and marine life

It cannot be stressed enough: our carelessness with our waste and garbage does not just affect us. Animals
likewise suffer the effects of pollution caused by improperly disposed wastes and rubbish. Styrofoam and
cigarette butts have been known to cause deaths in marine animals who consume them. Animals who
consume grasses near contaminated areas or landfills are also at risk of poisoning due to the toxins that
seep into the soil.

6. Disease-carrying pests

Mosquitoes and rats are known to live and breed in sewage areas, and both are known to carry life-
threatening diseases. Mosquitoes breed in cans and tires that collect water, and can carry diseases such as
malaria and dengue. Rats find food and shelter in landfills and sewage, and they can carry diseases such
as leptospirosis and salmonellosis. Moreover, moisture production from waste is a breeding ground for
mould. It’s bacteria that has the ability to spread and grow given the appropriate conditions, such as
moisture production from appliances and food scraps.

7. Adversely affect the local economy

Everyone wants to stay and live in a healthy, clean, fresh, and sanitary place. A community with poor
waste management will certainly not attract tourists or investors. Landfill facilities that are mismanaged
can cause the local economy to sink, which can then affect the livelihood of the locals.

Figure 3.3.3

The bar chart above shows the effects of how people in my community has been affected with the
improper disposal of waste.
3.4 Bsc. Industrial engineering

Industrial engineering is an engineering profession that is concerned with the optimization of complex
processes, systems, or organizations by developing, improving and implementing integrated systems of
people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy and materials

Industrial engineers use specialized knowledge and skills in the mathematical, physical and social
sciences, together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design, to specify, predict,
and evaluate the results obtained from systems and processes. From these results, they are able to create
new systems, processes or situations for the useful coordination of labour, materials and machines and
also improve the quality and productivity of systems, physical or social.

Depending on the sub-specialties involved, industrial engineering may also overlap with, operations
research, systems engineering, manufacturing engineering, production engineering, supply chain
engineering, management science, management engineering, financial engineering, ergonomics or human
factors engineering, safety engineering, logistics engineering or others, depending on the viewpoint or
motives of the user.

Pictures of Industrial Engineers in their field

Figure 3.4.1
Figure 3.4.2
 CHAPTER FOUR

APPLICATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE IN ENGINEERING TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM

The study of engineering would be meaningless unless it is applied in solving societal problems. The
proper way of waste disposal should therefore be our priority.The sanitation problem in Akim-Oda sda
community can be managed if metallic waste bins are distributed across the areas in the community.

Thinking into the future, what happens if population in the community continues to increase? we should
not forget that , it is the major cause of disease outbreak in the community like cholera, malaria,
typhoid ,fever etc. This calls for solution for the above-mentioned problem. Considering how large the
community is and the individual that live within, plastic or other material waste bins will not be useful
except the metallic waste bins. it is cost-effective and its use may be useful in improving the sanitation of
the community.

4.0 Properties

Metallic bins is appropriate because of its properties :

• They can conduct electricity

• They can be formed easily

• They have a shiny appearance

• They have a high melting point

4.1 Procedure

The waste bins or collectors will be made from metal because metal is durable and very strong. The
waste bins will then be painted to prevent it from corroding and rusting. This waste bins will be situated
at each area in the community so that people from each area can easily go and dump their waste in the
collectors at each situated site of the bins .
4.2 Mechanism and Operation

When the metallic bins are full, the Zoom lion truck will come and exchange an empty waste bin with
the one which is full. According to the zoom lion Ghana limited, when the community purchase one
waste bin . They will in turn donate one freely which will come for the full one. According to them, its
transportation will be paid by the community. The community will provide individual who will collect
little money from members who will come and threw their rubbish in the bin and this in a way can create
a job just for some people in the community.

Below is a metallic bin which can supply at various homes for waste disposal.

Figure 4.2.1
Below is metallic collector which can place at each area in the community for proper waste disposal of
waste.

Figure 4.2.2
 CHAPTER FIVE

RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.0 Recommendation

Based on the findings of the study , the following measures are recommended for efficient management
of solid waste in Akim-Oda Sda community .

• Public education : There should be public education on proper ways of solid waste disposal in the
community to inform the people on the implications of unhealthy environment and need to keep their
Community clean. The education could be done by Zoom Lion and the Environmental health department
of the district.

• Provision of adequate dustbins / collectors : The assembly should provide a number of waste bins /
collectors at the needed areas in the community to avoid dumping of refuse in an open space , nearby
bushes and into an uncovered mining pits. People who are mentally sound are expected to dispose
their waste in the provided dustbins along the driveway and walkways of the community. The
community should have dustbins mounted at various points, this way, people will not hesitate to
put their waste in them. By so doing , indiscriminate littering will be drastically reduced and aids
to develop the beauty of the environment.

• Regular dumping of waste : After the provision of waste collectors / bins , there must also be
regular exchange and taken of the waste bins / collectors to the appropriate dumping sites when
full and bringing them back when emptied to maintain the sanitary condition in the community.

• Reduction in price of waste collection charges : . Though it is not free to collect waste, as such,
the waste collection agencies charge a fee during their waste collection process. Sometimes these
charges are too much for some homes to pay due to some factors which therefore grant them
some alternative ways of waste disposing, which is mostly negative.
• Regular clean up exercises / sanitation exercise : The Community should set up committee
who will encourage the people in the community and gather them to clean up the environment
according to some regular bases. for instance, the people can agree to have a general cleaning
exercise every Saturday to help maintain a study sanitation.

• Enforcement of law : In the community , there must be strictly enforcement of laws to governing the
waste condition and its management. Some agencies like the town councils which sometimes go
around to inspect the environment for sanitation issues, have to make sure to punish the culprits
of their law in order to deter other people from doing it.

• Training and retraining of waste collectors : At a point in time , waste collectors must also be
well trained about the appropriate measures to put in place to manage the waste in the
Community. Sometimes, waste collectors exhibit unacceptable bahaviour during their work,
they may quarrel with some customers or even refuse to collect some waste, other times they
may collect the waste in a manner which is not allowed, they may skip somedays and refuse to
be present at their regular times which sometimes affect the developing aspect of sanitation .
5.1 Conclusion

In the study , the following Objectives were set to achieved. The first Objective was to assess the types
and components of solid waste generated in the community . The second Objective was to examine means
of waste disposal by households ( place of disposal ). The survey revealed that the commonest place of
waste disposal in the community was to dispose them into uncovered mining pits followed by open areas
and bushes.

On the other hand , the study also meant to analyze how the waste collected was finally disposed off. Due
to follow up shows and indicate that the waste was finally burned and some are disposed in a final
disposal site which lacks the proper engineering technology to meet the standards of a sanitary landfill.

Furthermore , the study also intended assessing the capacity of waste management institutions particularly
in terms of physical resource to effectively manage waste in the community .

Finally , all the Objectives set were achieved and with regard to the main objective of the study , it can be
concluded that the following are indeed the key factors affecting effective waste management in the
community. These include ; unavailability of collectors/dustbins , poor attitude of waste collectors ,
indiscriminate littering , high cost paid for waste collection , no clean up exercises and so on .

To effectively tackle the problems enumerated , the following measures were recommended :

Provision of waste bins / collectors , Regular sanitation exercise , Reduction in cost of waste collection ,
Enforcement of laws , Regular exchange and taken of waste collectors

If the above recommendations given are well taken and implemented, it will bring about effective solid
waste management to ensure a clean environment and curb any possible outbreak of diseases and any
effects in the community .
 CHAPTER SIX

REFERENCES :

• L.A. Guerrero, G.Mass, W.Hogland

• E. Solano, S.R Ranjitham, A.M. Barlaz, E.D. Brill

• M.A Altaf , J.R Deshazo

• Wikipedia.com

• Google map

• Kumarijob.com

• Environmental health and radiation safety 3160 , Chestnut Street suite 400 Philadelphia

• Waste retrieve from www.webcramer.com

 CHAPTER SEVEN

APPENDIX

PROJECT QUESTIONNAIRE

KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Dear Participant ,

I am a first year industrial engineering student of the college of engineering , KNUST. I am conducting a
project in a course entitled " Engineering in society ". The overall aim of the course is to inculcate into
Student an appreciation of the fact that the purpose of engineering is to solve societal problems.

My project seeks to examine the improper disposal of waste in Akim-Oda Sda community. I humbly
seek your assistance in providing the required data for the smooth execution of this project by filling the
questionnaire to the best of your ability. I can assure you that this is an academic exercise and your
maximum confidentiality is guaranteed.

Personal details

Name : ..................................................................................................

Date of interview : .............................................................

Home address : .................................................................

Occupation : .........................................................................

Role in the community ( if any ) : ................................................................

Telephone number : ........................................... Sex : Male Female

 Information

Part I :

1. Do you live in this community ?

Yes No

2. For how long have you stayed / live here ?

2 years

3 years

6 Months

9 months

Others , specify : ............................

3. Have you noticed about the improper way of waste disposal in this community ?

Yes No

4. For how long have you noticed this ?

2 years

3 years

6 months

9 months

Others, specify : .............................

5. Do you generate waste in your home ?

Yes No

6. What type of waste do you generate in your home ?

 Food waste

Rubbish

Others , specify : .................................

7. How do you dispose your waste ?

Into mining pits

Open area

Bush

Nearby gutter

Others , specify : ..................................

8. It is the right way of doing that ?

Yes No

9. On average, how many times do you dispose your waste in a week ?

Twice

Once

Three times

Others , specify : .................................

Part II

10. What do you think is the main cause of this problem ?

..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................

11. How has it affected the people ?

..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................

12. Does the people in the community know about the consequences of this indiscriminate dumping of
refuse ?

.........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................

13. For how often do you carry out sanitation exercise in this Community ?

..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................

14. In your own suggestive idea, how best can this problem be solved ?

..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................

15. Any additional view or comments ?

..........................................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................

Thank you very much for your co-operation.

Figure 7.1