Peer Reviewed Referred and UGC Listed Journal {Journal No. 40776) (E227 oED ATED TTL TO LTT AULA E [QUARTERLY/RESEARCHJOURNAL AJANTA Volume - IX; Issue October - December = 2020 English / Marathi/ Hindi Part-I IMPACT|FACTOR/ INDEXING 2019 6.399 www. sjfactor.comISSN 2277 - 5730 AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY QUARTERLY RESEARCH JOURNAL AJANTA Volume - IX Issue - Il OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 ENGLISH / MARATHI / HINDI PART - | Peer Reviewed Referred and UGC Listed Journal Journal No. 40776 a IMPACT FACTOR / INDEXING 2019 - 6.399 www.sjifactor.com EDITOR Asst. Prof. Vinay Shankarrao Hatole M.Sc (Maths), MBA. (Mktg), MB.A (HR), M.Drama (Acting), MDrama (Prod. & Dir), MEd “> PUBLISHED BY « at ijanta Prakashan Aurangabad. (M.S.)The information and views expressed and the research content published in this journal, the sole responsibility lies entirely with the author(s) and does not reflect the official opinion of the Editorial Board, Advisory Committee and the Editor in Chief of the Journal *AJANTA”. Owner, printer & publisher Vinay S. Hatole has printed this journal at Ajanta Computer and Printers, Jaisingpura, University Gate, Aurangabad, also Published the same at Aurangabad Printed by Ajanta Computer, Near University Gate, Jaisingpura, Aurangabad. (M.S.) Printed by Ajanta Computer, Near University Gate, Jaisingpura, Aurangabad. (M.S.) Cell No. : 9579260877, 9822620877, 7030308239 Ph. No. : (0240) 2400877 E-mail : [email protected], www.ajantaprakashan.com AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - Impact Factor - 6.399 (www.siifactorcom)° S\ EDITORIAL BOARD 2 S Professor Kaiser Haq Dept. of English, University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Roderick McCulloch University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, 4558 Australia Dr. Ashaf Fetoh Eata College of An's and Science Salmau Bin Adbul Aziz University. KAS Dr. Nicholas Loannides Senior Lecturer & Ciseo Networking Academy Instructor, Faculty of Computing, North Campus, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, UK, Muhammad Mezbah-ul-Islam Ph.D. (NEHU, India) Assot, Prof, Dept. of Information Science and Library Management University of Dhaka, Dhaka - 1000, Bangladesh. Dr. Meenu Maheshwari Assit, Prof. & Former Head Dept ‘of Commerce & Management University of Kota, Kota Dr. S. Sampath Prof: of Statistics University of Madras Chennari 600005, Dr. D. H. Malini Srinivasa Rao MB.A., Ph.D. FDP (IIMA) Assit. Prof. Dept. of Management Pondicherry University Karaikal - 609605, Dr. S. K. Omanwar Professor and Head, Physics, Sat Gadge Baba An University, Amra Sciences, Dr. Baba: University Raebareily Road, Lucknow. Dr. Shekhar Gungurwar Hindi Dept. Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya Vasarni, Nanded, Memon Sohel Md Yusuf Dept. of Commerece, Nirzwa College of Tecnology, Nizwa Oman. Dr. 8. Karunanidhi Professor & Head, Dept. of Psychology. University of Madras, Prof. Joyanta Borbora Head Dept. of Sociology University, Dibrugarh. Dr. Walmik Sarwade HOD Dept. of Commerce Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwvada University, Aurangabad. Dr. Manoj Dixit Professor and Head, Department of Public Administration Director, Tnstitute of Tourism Studies, Lucknow University, Lucknow Prof. P. T. Srinivasan Professor and Head, Dept. of Management Studies, University of Madras, Chennai Dr. P. Vitthal School of Langua Literature Marathi Dept, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded,2 S EDITORIAL BOARD & S Dr. Jagdish R. Baheti ique Razaque logy. Bhave University, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand Prof. Ram Nandan Singh Dept. of Buddhist Studies University of Jammu. Dr. Safiqur Rahman Assistant Professor. Dept. of Geography. Guwahati College Banmunimaidam, Guwahati ‘Assam. Dr. Ravi S. Dharpawar (HOD Dept of Political Science) Cintamani Mahavidyalaya, Ghugus Dist. Chandrapur, Prof. Mahendra N. Kumbhare (HOD Deptof Sociology ) (Chintamani Mahavidyalaya, Ghugus Dist. Chandrapur. Dr. Nitin B. Kawadkar (HOD Dept. Economies ) Chintamani Mahavidyalaya, Ghugus Dist. Chandrapur, Prof. Santosh C. Gohokar (HOD Deptof History) Chintamani Mahavidyalaya, Ghugus Dist. Chandrapur, Prof. Mangesh N. Jamdade (HOD Deptof Library Science) Chintamani Mahavidyalaya, Ghugus Dist, Chandrapur, Dr. Madhao D. Kandangire (HOD Dept of Marathi -a,Ghugus Dist, Chandrapur, Prof. Ganesh P. Surjuse (HOD Dept of English Chintamani Mahavidyalaya,Ghugus Dist.Chandrapur. PUBLISHED BY fijanta Prakashan Aurangabad. (M.S.)Tam quite pleased to learn about the coming issue of the this AJANTA Peer Reviewed Referred and UGC Listed journal .The title amply gives expression to the educational activity. No doubt this creative endeavor will bring out an array of artistic and creative expressions . I do appreciate and admire the editorial team for their successful completion of this task of putting together the thoughts and dreams of, research scholars and faculty Dr. C. S. Kumbhare Chintamani Mahavidyalaya,Ghugus Dist. Chandrapur.VOLUME - IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - SN 2277 - $730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) se ~=CONTENTS OF ENGLISH PART - I aR S.No. Title & Author Page No. Effect of Step Aerobic Training on Cardiovascular Endurance and Leg Explosive Power of Volleyball Players Dr. S. Saroja T. Pappathi 16 State Anxiety between University and National Level Field Judo Players: A Comparative Study Sonali. Harne ‘Comparative Study of Anxiety and Emotional Intelligence of Rural and Urban Area School Sportsmen Himachal Pradesh Dr. Shamsher Singh 12-15 Online E-Learning Education for Every Learners & Atmanirbhar Bharat during Covid-19 Sanjay Singh 16-22 ‘Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Teaching Swapnil Tejrao Ranit 23-29 Effect of Yoga Training on Systolic Pressure among University Sports Women C.Vijayalakshimi Dr. S. Saroja ‘Comparative Study of Health Related Physical of Regular Yogic Harwan Zaffer of Life to Manage the Health of the Body Politic Dr. RaviS. Dharpawar The Benefits of Yoga Dr. Nitin Baliram Kawadkar 10 Roleof Yogain Phy sical Fitness Dr. Sunil Bhotmange 57-61VOLUME - IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) ~=CONTENTS OF ENGLISH PART-I ©&@ itle & Author Page No. un Study Pattern among the Students/Scholars of the University 62-74 of Jammu during the COVID-19 Phase: A Case Study Sahil Bains Parshant Sharma Neha Rani Dr. Meghna DharISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 WN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www. ctor.com) ~=CONTENTS OF MARATHI PART-I @ am, aa ani rears a TSH. a ailes - 29: aT a aye SaaS STOTT aT GPEETTT ae WI, FAN TR BSTHT a aes ~ 29 ar anton Gara farce oat arate ag ue Bim, ferte am, weer 3 “area Ree ara wd a a aT e283 W, trie fara wert ¥ ‘Borda arrears aerate BERS wi, ata oT, ass 4 arr Saft arora ata SPT TT AE 29-28 ‘Im aiera Haat & ‘esraire Softer sar Frere aorta wea Ts SETA RL-8R Searels ener ferret 3, Bi, teh ereeTTTa STATE © “aa erate Hera a ras ata ware aT aeey ht, orate cit atege WS, Tah areata STATEVOLUME - IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) =~ CONTENTS OF HINDI PART - I acd am, aa sik tas ST TSH. g TS 29 BT Sars STAN AHP eae Sra a aa ae Bi, en fang aT R gr a Be ray a site a B82 ‘arte angered 2 ‘atthe serra B ara By Straten, eran were Hata at eT BUS WI, waite arctan wTeRT ¥% ‘atin Sarr are Fares Fares site Tater aera a aaa A aT a aT | ge-22 an. Fafa am, ais 4 aifas - 29 a fafa # sttrenga fire safer oreionn & cara we ate BWW ‘at, sift arat & ep? am saa vat eae at ggferen ct 9 areas were Sear Ie HAS 2S TAT BUR Bt, after fratVOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 1. Effect of Step Aerobic Training on Cardiovascular Endurance and Leg Explosive Power of Volleyball Players Dr. S, Saroja Assistant Professor, AUCPE, Alagappa University, Karaikudi T. Pappathi Research Scholar (Regular), Alagappa University, Karaikudi Abstract The purpose of the study was to find out the EFFECT of step aerobic training on cardiovascular endurance and leg explosive power of volleyball players. The subject for this study was 30 male volleyball players selected from Alagappa University College of Physical Education, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Sivagangai district, The age ranged form 18 and 25 years, The subject was divided into two equal groups randomly consisting of 15 subject each belonging to one experimental group and one control group. Experimental group participated in step aerobic training for 6 weeks and control group did not participate step aerobic training, The variables and test items selected for the study were cardiovascular endurance measured by 12 min cooper’s run and walk test and Leg explosive power measured by Standing broad jump. For analyzing the data‘t’ test was used to find out the significant improvement between the pre test and post test of experimental group and control group. The result reveled that 6 weeks of step aerobic training were significantly improved on the cardiovascular endurance and leg explosive power of men volleyball players at 0.05 level of confidence Keywords : Step aerobic training, Cardiovascular endurance, Leg explosive power Introduction Volleyball is a dynamic, fast-paced game. The purpose of strength training for volleyball is not to build big muscles, but to develop the physical attributes necessary to improve a player's performance. So strength training is very important to volleyball and should not be developed independently of other abilities such as agility, quickness and endurance. When watching a great volleyball player. the one word that comes to the mind is "quick". Everyt ng the player does is short and quick. There are no long drawn out motions like sprinting in other sports.. volleyball ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 1VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) players must be able to quickly change direction from the upward motion of a vertical jump to the downward motion of a point-saving dig (or vice versa). One of the most crucial phases of volleyball is how players perform at the net. To be successful, teams must be able to control play at the net both offensively and defensively. Step aerobics is a form of aerobic exercise distinguished from other types of aerobic exercise by its use of an elevated platform (the step) The height can be tailored to individual needs by inserting risers under the step. Step aerobics classes are offered at many gyms and fitness centers which have a group exercise program. Step aerobics was innovated by Gin Miller around 1989. Step aerobics can also be involved in dancing games, such as Dance Revolution or In the Groove A system of exercise combining aerobies with dance steps and usually done to music. Aerobics is a form of physical exercise that combines rhythmic aerobic exercise with stretching and strength training routines, The goal is to improve all elements five of fitness (exibility, muscular strength, muscular endurance and cardio-vascular fitness & body composition).It is usually performed to music and may be practiced in a group setting led by an instructor (fitness professional), although it can be done solo and without musical accompaniment, With the goal of preventing illness and promoting physical fitness, practitioners perform various routines comprising a number of different dance-like exercises. Formal aerobics classes are divided into different levels of intensity and complexity Cardiovascular endurance is the most important aspect of fitness. It is basically how strong your heatt is, which can potentially add years to your life, The heart is the most important muscle in the human body and if it is Kept healthy then you can avoid numerous health problems. Another reason that cardiouvascular endurance is important is because your heart controls the oxygen flow to all your muscles - meaning cardiovascular health has a direct impact on your performance, both endurance and strength wise,The reason your cardio performance can be improved is because the heart is a muscle, and like all other muscles in the body’ if you keep working it it will adapt to the workload given. This allows us to have direct control of how healthy one of the most important systems in our body. is. But keep in mind there are other factors that effect heart health, such as cholesteral, and blood pressure. Eating right and exercising will ensure that your heart becomes, and remains, healthy throughout your life. Successful sporting performance at elite levels of competition often depends heavily on the explosive leg power of the athletes involved in many individuals sports such as track and ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 2VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) field events, Gymnastics and Diving the ability to use high levels of strength as quickly and as explosively as possible is essential to perform elite levels. Many team sports also require high levels of explosive power, such as Basket ball, Volley ball, Net ball, Rugby’ and Foot ball codes for success at elite levels of competition, Explosive power comes from the development of speed strength and pure strength. Power represents the amount of work as muscle or muscle ‘group can produce per unit of time, Until recent years power as it relates to sports perform has been the subject of limited research but in last decade or so researchers have realized the importance of training for power in a wide variety of sporting activities vertical and horizontal jumping, in its many different forms, requires high levels of explosive muscular power. The double legged Volley ball spike jump and block jumps are very different in technique, but fundamentally they are similar. Methodology The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of step aerobic training on cardiovascular endurance and leg explosive power of volleyball players, The subject for this study was 30 male volleyball players selected from Alagappa University College of Physical Education, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Sivagangai district. The age ranged from 18 and 25 years, The subject were divided into two equal groups randomly consisting of 15 subject each belonging to one experimental group and one control group. The variables and test items selected for the study were cardiovascular endurance measured by 12 min cooper’s run and walk test and Leg explosive power measured by Standing broad jump. Weekly six days experimental ‘group participated in step aerobic training for 6 weeks and control group did not participate step aerobic training. For analyzing the data ‘t* test was used to find out the significant improvement between the pre test and post test of experimental group and control group. Training Programme The training program was lasted for 45 minutes per session in a day, Sdays in a week for a period of six weeks duration, This 45 minutes included 5 minutes warm up and 5 minutes warm down remaining 35 minutes allotted for training programme. Every two weeks of training 5% of intensity was increased from 65% to 75% of work load. The training load was increased from the maximum working capacity of the subjects during the pilot study ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Results and Discussion Computation of *t” Ratio Between Pre Test And Post Test Means of Control Group on Cardiovascular Endurance Variables Mean | Standard |‘ ratio Deviation Cardiovascular | Pre test | 2142.26 | 395, Endurance 0.752 Post test | 2142.73 | 395.45 ‘Computation Of’ Ratio Between Pre Test And Post Test Means Of Control Group On Leg Explosive power Variables Mean | Standard |*t’ ratio Deviation Cardiovascular | Pretest | 2.066 | 0.186 Endurance 0521 Post test | 2.068 [0.186 Table I reveals that the computation of “t” ratio between mean of pre and post test on cardiovascular endurance of college volleyball palyers .The mean values of pre and post test on control group were 2412.26 and 2142.73 respectively. Since the obtained “t” ratio 0.75 was less than the required table value 2.145 it was found to be statistically not significant and Leg explosive power mean values of pre and post test on control group were 2.066 and 2.068 respectively. Since the obtained “t’ ratio 0.52 was less than the required table value 2.145 it was found to be statistically not significant for the degree of freedom | and 14 at 0.05 level of confidence. The results clearly indicated that the cardiovascular endurance and explosive power of the control group had not been improved. Computation of “t’ ratio between pre test and post test means of experi nental group on cardiovascular endurance Variables Mean | Standard |‘? ratio Deviation Cardiovascular | Pre test 27 354.01 Endurance _| Post test | 2500.07 | 353.01__| 16.23* ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 4VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Computation of ‘t” ratio between pre test and post test means of experi nental group on Leg Explosive power Variables Meai Standard Deviation Leg explosive power | Pretest [2.21 | 354.07 | 26.71% Post test | 2.33 | 353.01 Table III reveals the computation of “t’ ratio between pre and post test on cardiovascular endurance on men volleyball players. The mean value of pre and post test of experimental group were 2344.27 and 2500.07. Since the obtained *t’ ratio 16.23 was greater than the required table value of 2.145. It was found to be statistically significant and mean value of pre and post test of experimental group were 2.21 and 2.33. Since the obtained “t’ ratio 26.71 was greater than the required table value of 2.145. It was found to be statistically significant at 0.05 level of confidence for the degrees of freedom I and 14, The result clearly indicated the explosive power of experimental group have been improved due to the influence of step aerobics training programme. Discussion of Findings Williams, et.al, (1986) reported that the 12 weeks aerobic dance programme was successful in promptly beneficial changes in cardio respiratory fitness and body composition. Leelarunjrajub, et al, (201 1) indicated that the aerobic dance exercise at a moderate intensity and duration can improve physical fitness, decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase total anti oxidant capacity(TAC), Stalec, etal, (2007) indicated that aerobic dance training develops co-ordination, agility and specific hythm co-ordination, functional aerobic ability , repetitive and explosive power and flexibility along with significant reduction of overweight and adipose tissue. The results of the present study indicates that the step aerobies training programme is effective method to improve cardiovascular endurance and explosive power of college men volleyball players, Conclusions 1. There was a significant improvement in cardiovascular endurance due to the influence of step aerobic training of volleyball players. Explosive power was significantly improved due to the influence of step aerobic training of volleyball players, ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Reference Rober V, (1985) Physical Fitness (5 ed), Saint Louis: Missori mosby company Singh D, Hardayal, (1995) Science of sports training, New Delhi , DVS publications, Page no 121 Pantelic Sasa (1997) The effects of a recreational aerobic exercise model on the functional abilities of women. The Faculty of Sport and Physical Education of Ni8, University of Nis, Serbia Singh, Hardayal, (1984) Sports training, Patiala: Nethaji Subash National Institute pf Sports wil ums, et.al, (1986) reported that the 12 weeks aerobic dance programme was successful in promptly beneficial changes in cardio respiratory fitness and body composition. Leelarunjrajub, et.al, (2011) indicated that the aerobic dance exercise at a moderate intensity and duration ean improve physical fitness, decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase total anti oxidant capacity(TAC), Stalee, et.al, (2007) indicated that aerobic dance training develops co-ordination, agility and specific rhythm co-ordination, functional aerobic ability . repetitive and explosive power and flexibility along with significant reduction of overweight and adipose tissue. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 6VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 2. State Anxiety between University and National Level Field Judo Players: A Comparative Study Sonali S, Harne PhD. Research Scholar (Research Center), Shri Shivaji College of Physical Education Amravati, Maharashtra Abstract Anxiety is an important factor, which affects the performance in sports . Anxiety is considered as an obstacle to activity. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of state anxiety between university and national level filed judo players of Maharashtra, India. For the purpose of this investigation 40 male subjects (20 university and 20 national level players) were recruited as subjects of the study. Their age was ranged from 19 to 25 years. To find out the level of anxiety of university and national level players, the state anxiety test developed by Martens (1977) was administered on the subjects. The ‘* test was employed to analyse the data, Results have revealed that there was no significant difference found between university and national level field judo players in regard to state anxiety at 0.05 level of confidence. Keywords:- Judo players, Anxiety Introduction In the last 54 years judo fighting style and biomechanies studies, starting already from Japan, walked together along the world’s tatamis [1.2.34..10], In Judo world, many people speaks about changes and evolution/involution in judo competitions, this last argument comes both from the change in the evaluations criteria, the refereeing rules and the introduction over the year of different judo techniques. If we make a comparison among Judo and other Olympic Sports, itis easy to see that Judo is already on the way to find the best rules for competition, Judo in the mind of his founder Jigoro Kano, was an educational system able to teach also the esthetic sense of disciples ( for example a throw who obtains Ippon, or a beautiful Kata performance ), in this aspect throwing technique is the research of maximum effectiveness respect to the effort applied. However the esthetic aspect of judo (during performance) is today not well enhanced and underlined by referee rules. In this paper, we will speak about the evolution of judo fighting style from the technical point of view, introduc ng_some special considerations that are able to ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 7VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) improve the general forecasting and analysis capability of this advanced tool. Today the Continental and National Federations under the International Judo Federation (IJF) directives, are pushed to use this special tool in centralized way, to save money rationalizing software and methods . This software for example, in off line analysis, just at the end of each competition performs a very first centralized gross elaboration of fighting data and these data are sent to all countries, after that each country develops a personalized analysis in his own way How to analyse judo competitions, Technical Steps in competition It used by most National Federations’ analysts to divide the whole competition in technical steps: The basic step in the time domain is not fixed, because the analysts normally use different technical finding to analyse the competition, normally there are used five or six technical steps. A) In our paper we present first the subdi ix technical steps (Francini and coworkers) 1) Matte -a period of interruption, when the referee calls Matte to discontinue any activity of the judoka: 2) Preparation - a period of movement, observation and non-contact preparation 3) Grip - a period of the match in which the judoka disputes for the best grip (Kumi-kata), when there is contact with one or both hands: 4) Throws - a period in which the judoka executes a technique or throw during standing combat (Tachi-waza); 5) Fall - the moment of the fall (Kake) when the analysed athlete falls to the ground being possible that both judokas fall as a result of the application of technique. 6) Groundwork - any combat that takes place on the ground (Ne-waza), when strangle or arm-lock techniques are applied with the aim of immobilizing or finalizing an opponent. B) The second model comes from England is the Hajime —Matte model proposed among other by Karen Roberts [12] always in six phases with the following key points: 1) Mobility (shifting alone) - Dynamic Posture and Stance, Distance, Tsugi-Ashi, Tai-Sabaki, Ashi-Sabakai, Tandoku-Renshu (Coordination) ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 8VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 2) Kumi Kata - Lead Grip / Main Grip , Structure, “First On’ Getting Your Grip, Hiki-Te, Touri-Te, Tsugi-Ashi, Ashi-Sabaki 3) Preparation - Action / Reaction, Direction, Timing / Distance, Ashi-Waza Combinatior Feint Attacks, Kuzushi, Hiki-Dashi 4) Nage waza - Tai-Sabaki, Speed of Entry, Transfer of Power by collision, Control, Belief, Execution, Commitment to Finish Attack 5) Transition - Mobility / Agility, “Catch”, Positioning, Continuous Control, Dominate. ‘Open Up" Opponent 6) Ne waza - Mobility, Control, Connection, Multipurpose Attack, Belief Subject This study sample consisted of 40 male field judo players (20 University and 20 national level) of Maharashtra, India who participated in Inter-University and national judo championships. Tools For measuring the state anxiety of the subjects, questionnaire developed by Martens (1977) was used. It is a likert type five points scale having a maximum score of 35 and a minimum score of 09. The higher scores show a high and lower score shows low level of state anxiety Procedure The questionnaire was administered on the subjects during the North Zone Inter- University judo toumament held at Maharashtra, India in December, 2009 and all India invitation judo touament at Maharashtra, India in February 2010. Data Analysis The collected data were put to statistical treatment computing, “1” to find out the differences if any, between the experimental groups on the level of state anxiety. The result has been presented in the following table Anxiety between University and National Level Field Judo players: A Comparative Study ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 9VOLUME - IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Results Table 1: Showing the mean difference between University and national level field judo players of state anxiety. State Anxiety Number | Mean | Standard Deviation | ‘1? Value University level Judo players 20 | 59.75 9.62 O14 National Level Judo players 20 | 6455 10.69 Significant 0.05 level of Significance with 38 df Tabulated't =2.02 Figure 1: Illustration of State Anxiety between University and national level field judo players gag Univer Level Naat eve Discus From the results of the study it has been evident that no significant difference was found between north zone Inter-University and national level field judo players on their level of state anxiety. It appears that when the players attain excellence and become mature, their level of anxiety also lowered down at certain level. Whenever, such mature players perform, their anxiety level usually remains the same as appeared in cases of Inter-University and national level judo players. These results have been conformed by Singh, Kumar & Tiwari, (2009) who compared sports competition anxiety of male and female north zone intervarsity badminton players and found no significant difference between the experimental groups. Simitarly in another study Panda, Kaul, & Mittal (2004) observed insignificant difference in national level ‘male and female athletes on trait anxiety. ‘Conclusion On the basis of the results obtained from the present empirical investigation, it may be concluded that the Inter-University and national level field judo players did not differ on their ENGLISH PART ~1/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No.: 40776 10VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) level of state ansiety. Furthermore it may also be inferred that both Inter-University and national level judo players have a similar level of anxiety during the competition, References ) 2 3) 4) Hackfort, D, & Schwenkmezger, P. (1989) "Measuring Anxiety in Sports: Perspectives and Problems." In D. Hackfort & C. D. Speilberger (Eds.), Anxiety in Sports: An International Perspective (pp. 55-74). Washington, DC: Hemisphere, Kamlesh M.L, (1998) “Psychology in Physical Education and Sports” 3rd Ed, New Delhi: Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd., P.237. [3]Martens, R. (1977). Sports Competition Ansiety Test Champaign III: Human Kinetics. Panda, Y., Kaul, R. & Mittal, M. (2004) “Gender differences in task and ego orientations, sport self-confidence, trait anxiety, and goal setting styles in elite Indian athletes” Journal of Sports and Sports Sciences, 27(2):27-39. Singh Agya Jit.” Competition Anxiety in sports”, Snipes Journal 5,(luly, 1982):41 Singh, R., Kumar, R. & Tiwari, A. (2009) “A Comparative Study of Sports Competition Anxiety on Male and Female North Zone Intervarsity Badminton Players”. AMMASS Multilateral Research Journal Bilingual Biannual, 1(2):1-5. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 inVOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 3. Comparative Study of Anxiety and Emotional Intelligence of Rural and Urban Area School Sportsmen Himachal Pradesh Dr. Shamsher Singh Department of Physical Education, H.P. University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Abstract The present study has been conducted on 300 subjects with an aim to find out the difference in selected psychological variables between rural (150) and urban (150) area sportsmen of Senior Secondary Schools from Himachal Pradesh, To analyze the difference in selected psychological variables of two groups rural and urban area sportsmen were determined through “t" test. From the findings, it has been found that rural area school sportsmen are more anxious as compared to their counterpart (urban areas). Study also indicates that the rural area sportsmen found more in psychological variables of self-awareness and motivation. Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Rural Areas, Urban Areas, Sportsperson Introduction Anxiety is considered as one of the greatest problem of modem trends in scientific knowledge, cultural conflicts and emotional problem of man. Due to these reasons, the level of anxiety is increasing, Ansiety factors tells us the emotional condition of a mind; we find a fear of danger of loss or suffering as a prominent feature, more than anything else, a fear which is not known to us is the reason of anxiety which crates tension and disturbance, Anxiety experienced during competition, known as competitive anxiety, can be defined as the feeling of apprehension an individual may experience in response to perceived threats during competitions (Marteins, 1977), Clearly there are situation in sports where athletes will doubt their own ability to put across a desired impression, either because of their own perceived lack of ability or due to extend factors. For example, a skilled athlete who feels he needs to win to demonstrate his ability may still lose to a better competitor or because of factors beyond his control such as illness or injury In these situation inability to convey the desired impression may be perceived as threat to athlete, social-identity, which may result in feeling of anxiety ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 2VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Power (1972) analyzed the anxiety levels to track and field athletes of varying ages and ability and that there was significant tendency for anxiety to increase with age. Hence, he found significant relationship between age and anxiety Objectives of the Study The following objectives have been laid down for the present study 1, To find out and compare the level of anxiety among school sportsmen from rural and urban areas of Himachal Pradesh. 2. To find out and compare the level of self-awareness among school sportsmen from rural and urban areas of Himachal Pradesh. 3. To find out and compare the level of motivation among school sportsmen from rural and urban areas of Himachal Pradesh To achieve the purpose of the study 300 school sportsmen i.e, rural (150) and urban (150) were selected randomly from different districts of Himachal Pradesh, who has taken part in different sports and games at different levels. For the psychological study of rural and urban area school sportsmen anxiety, (self-awareness and motivation) of emotional intelligence variables were used, Hindi version scale constructed by A.K.P., Sinha and L.N.K. Sinha, Emotional Scale was developed by Dr. C.D. Agashe and Dr. R.D. Helode has been used to measure the anxiety and emotional intelligence of school sportsmen of Himachal Pradesh. To test the significance of ‘mean difference between rural and urban area school sportsmen, statistical technique of t° test was applied Table 1 value for rural and urban sportsmen with respect to their mean score in the psychological variables Anxiety S.No. I df Mean | M.D. | S.D. 298 32.16 | 4.540 | 13.955 27.62 16.355 Significant of 0.05 level of significance Table value of “tat 0,05 level ® 1,97 for df 298. Table value oft’ at 0.01 level = 2.59 for df 298. As per table 1, mean value of psychological variable anxiety of rural area school sportsmen is 32,16 and urban area sportsmen is 27,62, The mean difference is 4.540. $.D, of ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 IVOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) rural area sportsmen is 13,955 and urban area is 16.355 respectively. The calculated “t” value came out to be 2.586, which is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance This indicated that rural and urban school sportsmen differ significantly in the psychological variable i.e. ‘anxiety’, Hence, the formulated hypothesis that “there would be significant difference between rural and urban area school sportsmen in the psychological variable Anxiety” null hypothesis stand rejected ‘Table 2: +t” value for rural and urban sportsmen with respect to their mean score in the psychological variables (Emotional Intelligence) i.e. Self-Awareness S.No.| Group [N_ [df | Mean [M.D.[S.D._ [S.E.M |“ T | Rural | 150 [298 | 48.47 [5.867 [13.634 | 1113_| 3.400" 2 | Urban |150 2.60 16.144 | 1318 Significant at 0.01 level of significance. As per table 2, mean value of psychological variable, self-awareness of rural areas school sportsmen is 48.47 and urban areas school sportsmen is 42.60. The mean difference is 5.867 S.D. of rural area school sportsmen is 13.634 and urban area is 16.144 respectively. The calculated “1” value came out to be 3.400, which is statistically significant at 0.01 level of significance. This indicated that rural and urban school sportsmen differ significantly in the psychological variable i.e. “self-awareness”. Hence, the formulated hypothesis that “there would be significant difference between rural and urban area school sportsmen in the psychological variable Self-Awareness” null hypothesis stand rejected, ‘Table 3: +t? value for rural and urban sportsmen with respect to their mean score in the psychological var S.No. | Group | N Mean | M.D. |S.D._| S.E.M. bles (Emotional Intelligence) i.e, Motivation Urban | 150 40.53 Significant at 0.05 level of signifi mee. As per table 3, mean value of psychological variable, motivation of rural areas school sportsmen is 44,23 and urban areas school sportsmen is 40.53. The mean difference is 3.700. S.D. of rural area school sportsmen is 14.151 and urban area is 14,827 respectively. The calculated ‘t' value came out 10 be 2.211, which is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 WVOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) This indicated that rural and urban school sportsmen differ significantly in the psychological variable i.e. ‘motivation’, Hence, the formulated hypothesis that “there would be significant difference between rural and urban area school sportsmen in the psychological variable Motivation” null hypothesis stand rejected. Discussion It has been found that rural area school sportsmen are more anxious as compared to their urban areas’ counterpart, There was significant difference established between rural and urban area school sportsmen in the psychological variable anxiety. It has been found that rural area school sportsmen are more self-aware as compared to their urban area counterpart. There was significant difference established between rural and urban area school sportsmen in psychological variable Self-Awareness, It has found that rural areas school sportsmen are more motivated as compared to their urban areas’ counterpart. There was significant difference established between rural and urban areas school sportsmen in psychological variable Motivation. References * Cosentino, F. and Heilbrum, A.B. (1964). Anxiety correlates of sex-role identity in college students. Psychological Reports, 14:729-730, © Gall, M.D. (1969). The relationship between masculinity-feminity and manifest anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25:294-295. ‘+ Golemen, D, (1996), Emotional Intelligence. New York, Bantam, ‘* Tkponmwosa, O. (1981), Influence of sex-role students in Sports Competition Anxiety International Journal of Sports Psychology, 12:289-292. ‘+ Kane, J.E, (1972), Psychological aspects of Sports with special reference to the Female in D. Harris (ed), Women and Sport A National Research Conference, The Pennsylvania State University, University of Park, PA. ‘Marten, R. (1977). Sports Competition Anxiety Test. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics Publishers © Power, $.L.D. (1972). An Analysis of Anxiety Level in Track and Field Athletes of varying ages abilities. International Journal of Sports Psychology, 13:258-267. ‘© Srivatsan, S. (1983), Physical Education for Future General. Paper presented at the All India Seminar sponsored by the UGC, held at Kalyani University, p. 13. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 IVOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 4, Online E-Learning Education for Every Learners & Atmanirbhar Bharat during Covid-19 Sanjay Singh Dept. of Physics, Chintamani College of Arts and Science, Gondpipri. Abstract Education is one of the focal areas of AtmaNirbhar Bharat. The COVID-19 pandemic has spread his wings in the world and mostly countries have been affected by this corona virus, More of the people have lost their lives due to the spread of the pandemic. In this pandemic USA and Brazil have been worst victim. The World economic position of each and every country has been badly affected during COVID-19. At this time the situation is very thoughtful and unsafe both the state and the central govt. have taken various measures like lockdown, shut down, unlock-1, unlock-2, unlock-3and unlock-4 ete, In this situation Government decided that all the schools, colleges and universities have remained closed. The authorities of the educational institutions are forced to take other alternative like the arrangement of online classes for the students so that the syllabus will be completed in due course of time. Besides the e-learning materials have been provided to the learners. Additional trials are conducted of online examination, submission of assignment, group discussion, home task and other appreciated tips essential for the learners, This paper shows the importance of online e-learning sources media between the students and teacher and other leamers Keywords: Online teaching, what Sapp, Google classroom, telegram, face book, ICT, digital database, lockdown, unlck-1, unlock-2,unlock-3 and unlock-4,e-leaming, zoom apps, Jam. board, OBS software, Screencast software, Google meet & COVID-19 ete. Objectives of the Study 1. Introdution 2. Activities undertaken through online by the teachers Activities undertaken through online by the students Advantages of online e-learning education 5. Disadvantages of online e-lear g education ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 16VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 6. Conelu: nm Introduction This is a right time to strengthen online education to be arranged for any future pandemic situations. The entire education system has to endure change with the active contribution of faculty need to change their ordinary teaching methods and adopt to developing technology - centered teaching. I am sure upcoming academic year will start with an entirely new education system at school and university labels. All-purpose online Lecture is the good option for the students during COVID-19. The weaknesses can be overcome with the intervention of ICT. formation of proper infrastructure, proper training to the students before start of online class and arrangement of network, etc. During COVID-19 when schools, colleges and universities have remained closed, there is no other substitute offered with the educational institutions only ICT based teaching and learning can be operated for all types of learners. Through this digital stand both the teachers and students interact with each other and an interactive connection develops between them. With the help of digital idea, the students can feel class room situation and leams many things through dialogue and participation, The academic needs of the students are satisfied by the online learning. Similarly the teachers also take awareness in online teaching with the support of ICT and they deliver feedback to the students which help them progress their performance in the class. From somewhere and any place the online teaching and learning can take place. At this situation, online learning is the only altemative left to the educational institutions to provide academic support to the students. According to the demand of time in order to promote AtmaNirbhar Bharat. India calls, to boycott any Chinese or branded products and go for local products instead. In India Higher education is growing rapidly, but the challenges for educators, students and policy makers, If in the study of higher education is the need of time, the educational research field has not given enough attention to the study of student inspiration under the effect of e-learning. Online e- learning has grown-up in consequence as an educational tool just like knowledge has developed and progressed over the years. It is very interesting, there have been more efforts at advancement of technology than on attempting to understand the needs and styles of learning are individu learmers, The 21st century has seen rapid progress in education with such things as the internet and online education learning, ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 17VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) At this time, the UGC has outlined new guidelines for teaching and assessment. As per the new guide lines set up by the UGC, the teachers are invented to take 25% of classes online. The detached is to challenge the first-time incidents happened in the World. At the same time the both the teachers and the students are to be familiar with the ICT based teaching and learning so that the education of the students will not be distressed and the syllabus can be finished within time frame, Various universities and colleges have taken up the creativities to establish the online class for the students. It is a innovative practice both for the teachers and the students. Higher education stakeholders comprising students, faculty etc. need to coherently synergize to understand the new methods of learning mechanism COVID-19 has accelerated the movement of higher education campuses to become phygital (physical and digital) in its march to give online education in addition to offline So, the students must learn to take online education mostly as a contribution to ‘AumaNirbhar Bharat Abhiyan as Prime Minister launched e- Vidya scheme for multimode access to digital and online e-learning education that required to syndicate a range of trials including development of new e-content for leamers. Online e-learning education is one of the focal areas of AtmaNirbhar Bharat for challenging time as like a COVID-19. The future reforms could central to a encouraging shift in the quality of education. Presently, even though we live in period of online education, digital convenience is an issue, Also, according to a Deloitte and give India report, there is a shortfall of qualified teachers, Ifa teacher cannot always reach the grassroots, with a multi-channel approach to overcome these issues, now TV channels can run educational content for classes 1 to 12. This will be complemented by radio and podeasts, In the field of education with the help of internet a large part of knowledge wait to everyone who have a interest growing their career very fast. Under the scheme of online e-learning education the DIKSHA (Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing) app for education and training there has been millions of hits from March 24 (when lockdown was announced) till date, Online e-learning education provides by DIKSHA platform for teachers, students and parents engaging learning material relevant to the arranged institution curriculum, According to the demand of time Students can download the DIKSHA application and scan the textbook QR codes for easy access to the lessons. Till now, a total of more than 200 textbooks have been added to the e- Paathshala for the learners, These creativities are as a part of the AtmaNirbhar ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 18VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Bharat Abhiyan (Self-Reliant India Mission) announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to deal with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. According to a KPMG report, about 50 lakh students will be looking to enroll in higher education institutions in this academic session, so allowing institutions to provide online degrees was a much-awaited reform, Pacing up with the developed countries, hereon students from the remote and rural areas and have a poor of background can have access to the best learning content digitally Activities undertaken through online by the teachers 2 Preparation of slides ~ The teachers prepare slides for the students so that the students can easily understand the concept of the lesson short of any problems. The slides are shown to the students through google meet or zoom apps or face book to make them understand and the teachers ask question to the students to test their understanding level Confirming the e-content- The teachers before undertaking the online class make it sure that the students are having e-content or study materials. Then the teachers accordingly proceed with schedule of programmed. Somany usefull applications related to online e-learning education have been used during FDP. Feedback collection- The teachers distribute the feedback form through a google link in order to know the difficulties of the students, In order to avoid their difficulties shared by the students, the teachers modify its teaching process or assessment procedure according to need. The feedback of the students generally helps the teacher to change his teaching process so to suit the academic needs of the students, ies undertaken through online by the students Online class through digital platform- During COVID-19 the students are prepared to participate in the online class with a view to tackle the academic hurdles. With various digital platforms like zoom apps or google meet the students are adapted and gradually Jearnt about the ICT based teaching and learning, E-content through online- the educational institutions provide e-content to the students for preparing themselves at home. The e-content is shared by what Sapp, mails and Google meet apps ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 19VOLUME «IX, 18 IE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 3 Mostly students who have done android mobile phone to support technology of online e-learning sources. This is an opportunity for growth of online education during the crisis of COVID-19. Feedback through online- time to time the educational institutions collect feedback from the students regarding the online class and on the basis of the feedback received, necessary modification is made to resolve the difficulties of the students The online teaching and learning during COVID-19 have both advantages and disadvantages Advantages of online E-learning education 1 1 Online class creates interest among the students to participate. The students can interact with the teacher on any topic at any time through digital mode. The teachers visualize the images of any content through slide form that draws the attention of the learners. In the online class more than 200 students can participate and interact with the teachers on any topic of their choice. The teachers assess the performance of the students and provide the feedback to them through online mode instantly. The students and the teachers from any place can participate in the online class. E-learning source is a save time and money during this critical situation, Online learning materials provides through very easy path for the learners according to their requirement, advantages of online E-learning education Students are living in remote areas may not have proper internet facility and we faced the poor internet network problem during Google meet online classes at remote area Cheating prevention during online assessment is complicated and E-leaming face to face communication 3.online education create some challenges in science practical work and it requires strong self- motivation and time management skills. 4.The students with less knowledge in ICT cannot operate and participate in the online class, Proper infrastructure is required for the conduct of online class ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 20VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 5. Online courses reduce the interaction between the teacher and students to the bare minimum, Conclusion Overall online e-learning is an innovative approach to learning, It is a holistic way of teaching and learning that meets the need of today’s digital natives. It is an environment made up of collaboration, choice and an array of technological resources that support a successful online learning experience. Online Class is the best choice of the students and their parents during COVID-19. The disadvantages can be overcome with the involvement of ICT, establishment of proper infrastructure, proper training to the students before beginning of online class and preparation of network, ete. During the critical situation of COVID-19 when schools, colleges and universities have remained closed, there is no other alternative available with the educational institutions only ICT based teaching and learning can be utilized for learners. With the help of online education on digital platform both the teachers and leamers interact with each other and an interpersonal relationship develops between them. The future of e-learning education is very useful. The academic needs of the students are fulfilled by the online learning. Thus we can say the teachers also take interest in online teaching with the support of ICT and they provide feedback to the students which help them improve their performance in the class. Any Learners can learn any place with the help of online education system, So many tricks and techniques have been learned of online education through this FDP. Finally the experience of online e- learning education system from lockdown-l to unlock-IV as a trial was interesting to me. Acknowledgement We would like to thank Dr, Ashish Kumar Shukla (Convenor) and his team of FDP, TLC Ramanujan College (DU) sponsored by MHRD PMMM National Mission on teachers and teaching for helpful technique / literature of “Advanced Concepts for Developing MOOCS” from July 02 to July 17,2020. The work related to ICT tools using in teaching, learning of online e- leaming education system is supported by this FDP course. We would also. thank Dr$.B Kishore, 8.P.College Chandrapur for successfully completed one-week FDP on “Online Teaching Aids for Teaching Profession’ from 14-september to 19- September,2020. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 2VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) References 1 5 6. HLLiJ.Masters,”’ E-Learning and knowledge management in the early years: where are wwe and where should we go", Knowledge management and e-Learning: International Journal. 2009, 1(4),245-250 Edmundson, Globalized-leaming cultural challenges( USA-Jdea Group Inc),2007. Pam, Craven, Brian, Keppy and Baggaley, John, online Video conferencing products published in Intemational Review of Research in open and distance learning, October, 2002, hitpsi/iwww:researchgate ne’ journal/1492-831_Intemational_ Review of Research i Downes, Stephen, E-Learning. published in International Review of Research in open and distanceL earning July,2005,https://www. researchgate.net/journal/14923831_Internation al_Review_of Research i https://nabeelah799. wordpress, comvconelusion! https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/e-leaming- bydesign/9780470900024/16_chapter! I html hitps://www.careerride.comy/view/online-learning-advantages-and-disadvantages- 22760.aspx. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 2VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Teaching Swapnil Tejrao Ranit Dept. of English, Podar International School, Amravati. Abstract The involvement of technology in every field has redefined the structure of every sector in the past few decades. The rapid change in the technological advancement has bought noticeable changes in everything we once used to do, Gone are the days when there used to be a Jong line of customers standing in queue in the bank for transactions, With the introduction of E- banking’ this sector has faced a change. Similarly, it has transformed the shopping experience for us. With the arrival of services like Flip cart, and E- shopping websites, we can have things at our door, Also we don’t witness those long lines of people standing outside the window of electricity offices. One has to agree with the fact that with the use of intemet life has become much convenient, No doubt, Educational sector has also not remained untouched with this change in technology. One can access information about the things he wants with a few clicks of finger tips, But every coin has two sides, It’s true that technology has added wings to life, but there is also a need to think what it has snatched away from us? We use e banking, but how much of us are completely sure about its safety?” We use it for shopping and no wonder if | come across any E+ fraud while shopping online someday. We use intemet for gaining knowledge, but the same technology is used by the enemies of humanity to bring devastation to the world. The present paper intends to talk about the brighter and the darker facets of online teaching, which has taken a boom in today’s world. And thus will compel us (o think that is “E* culture a boon or a curse for us? Keywords - Technology, online teaching, E ~ Banking, advancement, Education. Introduction Right from the olden times of “Gurukul’, when learning used to pass on from one ‘generation to another in ‘oral’ form till the present time, it has undergone innumerous changes. The style of teaching, the way of delivering the information has got complete transformation with the passing time. Previously, oral and written forms were used by the teachers to deliver knowledge to the students Gradually, things changed, And it affected every single thing in both positive and negative ways. With always some pros and cons in the education system, the wheel of leaning ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 2VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) process kept on revolving. And finally, it bought us to the present time system, which is equipped with the various tools to simplify the process of education. Intemet has become an integral part of our day to day lives. It would not be wrong to say if we add “Intemet or WIFT’ to the basic necessities of life ie. food, clothing and shelter. Looking at the way the in which the use of internet is exploring in the world, and its increased use in every field, it seems as if it has occupied a place of vital importance in every comer of life But every bright day ends with a dark night. And so is technology. No doubt, we can count innumerable merits of internet in everything we see around ourselves, But behind that every wonderful thing, is concealed a dreadful face ofits millions of demerits. This compels us to think that is this new phase of advancement where everything is online is a curse or boon for us? This has given a rise to a new debate, that online teaching a boon or curse for us and further generations Let us ponder over the two sides of this coir the light of some facts discussed below Advantages of online teaching . It’s Economical - Every year millions of students from different parts of the world enroll themselves for various streams, in various colleges, universities and learning institutions. For many parents, spending on the education of their child becomes a Tug of war, But at the other hand they it is a desire of every parent to give the best of academics to their child. So that he or she will not lack in the competitive world. Parents pay lacks of rupees on the education of their wards to admit them in best educational institution, If talked about higher education hostels charge a huge sum amount of money for the facilities they provide to the students. The tuition fees, extra coaching, fuel expenses, stationary and many more. All these things happen because a child has to leave his home to meet his academic needs. Where his physical presence becomes must. If we provide an altemative to this method and accept the e-learning form of teaching apart from the internet, the parent would have nothing to spend on. Soft copies of the books will serve the purpose. No hard copy means no expenses on stationary. For those who reside in hostels, they will save a huge amount on accommodation. As the child will study from home. If classes are attended from home, they will not be paying any transportation charges for the schoo! buses or for any other modes of transport. If we calculate the above mentioned expenses on education of a child right from his, ng nursery classes, the sum amount would be in lacks, In cases where students are learn ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 mwVOLUME «IX, 18 IE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) abroad, they spend huge amount on visa and other essentials which are needed for them to reside there, So the sum amount sometimes could even cost a parent crores of rupees. This may be the total amount of wealth the family has. No doubt, spending on internet for these many years will definitely not cost at least in crores Over 6 million Americans are pursuing an online education, The number of online students has risen every year for the past few years—and the most recent figures indicate that more than a quarter of all college students are taking an online class. This, rapid expansion has prompted schools to increase the number of online classes and topics that they offer, making an online degree easier to obtain, [1] According to a research made by the U.S. Department of Education: “on average. students in online learning conditions performed modestly better than those receiving face-to-face instruction. "[2] dhood The importance of time really does matters a lot in our life. There are so many people Flexibility - ‘Time is money’. This is what we all have been taught since ¢ around the world who want to perceive education but they can’t. As while dealing with day to day life and running to arrange bread and butter. they become so busy in their schedules, that even if they have an urge to gain knowledge but they cannot have it with the time restrictions of colleges / universities and other educational institutions. For them e-learning could be a revolutionary idea. It could make them grow the way they ‘want, With online lectures it is possible for students as well as for working class to attend the lectures with their convenience and complete their degree Jessica, a student at Arizona State University’ said, “I chose to pursue my Electrical Engineering degree online so that I may have the flexibility in my schedule necessary to simultaneously focus on my professional development. Traditional universities rarely offer evening classes for 100% of the courses required for a degree, which makes, maintaining a consistent work schedule very difficult for students, The expectation for all students to prioritize education above professional development is not a realistic model. My program allows me to eam the money I need to support myself and my education needs, while also gamering valuable experience in my field. Although more challenging at times, online education is my most viable option as an undergraduate in my late twenties."[3] Knowledge Exploration — Unlike current education system, where everyday same peers sit together and acquire knowledge, the scenario could be very different with ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 2VOLUME «IX, 18 IE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) online teaching. Sitting together in a class where people from different localities, different cultures, societies and nationalities could be a unique experience. Sharing of knowledge on a similar topic and understanding others perspective could really prove helpful for the mankind, Many of us don’t get enough time to mix with our surroundings, We live a public yet isolated life in 9 to 5 jobs. Responsibilities, tough schedules, work timelines our lives revolve around these terms. And so nor we get time for family life neither for our own self, Also we couldn't cultivate our hobbies with such time restrictions, So how could ‘we manage to find time to educate ourselves? E-learning could be a solution for this, problem. With current pattem of education system there is no scope to know our student's potential to its full extent. An online course provides an opportunity to get to know other students via bulletin boards, chat rooms and mailing lists, So no doubt, online education provides more scope to diversify the source of knowledge and get to know each other more closely. Meeting the people from all over the world, having same interests and hobbies, knowing their views about the society we live, hearing from them about their culture could really be the best exploration one could ever have. Thi is not possible in the traditional classroom where we spend hours with the people belonging to the same singing society. Exploration is best possible in online education, More individual attention — “One who asks a question is a fool for a minute, one who doesn’t is a fool forever.’ It happened with almost every one of us that somewhere. sometime in a classroom we had a doubt, But only with the fear of being bullied as a fool we haven't asked that doubt to the teacher. Every one of us may not feel the same level of comfort in a physical classroom. Sometimes we may not gather the courage to ook into the eyes of the teacher and make a question. It all happens because many students do not feel it comfortable to speak something in actual presence of other people, The internet eliminates this fear and makes one feel more comfortable. As it provides the advanced tools where being visible isn’t always necessary. Also a student can reach to the teacher more comfortably with personal inbox or email to the instructor. From teacher’s or instructor's side online teaching may prove beneficial as it gives him them an opportunity to know their students in more keen way. With a class of forty it ‘may be really a tough task for a teacher to understand the individual potential of a child, to know his thoughts about the surroundings, to understand perspective towards the ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 26VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) things. But online class could prove beneficial in this concern as it provides more chances of getting more interactive with the students and thus making education a complete different experience for them advantages of Online teaching ‘* Plagiarism and Cheating — Online learning comes with limitations to monitor the students. In an actual class apart from academics, their behavioral aspects too are monitored and sorted out wherever a teacher feels it necessary to counsel them. But in an online class it is not possible to monitor the students, As online system lacks physical presence a trainer remains completely unaware of the activities of the students, This could affect more to school going class of students. As maturity level of the students is less in this age in students. They do not understand what is good and what isn’t for them. Also they remain unaware of the massive and destructive power of the internet if not used wisely. Every year so many teenagers fall in the deep valley of internet and find themselves completely destroyed with the online hazards, Also, with online teaching it is not possible to assess the students properly. They may plagiarize the assignments given to them. This could be a hurdle in the development of their own skills Students may copy the content and use it for their academic development, This could not be called as fair assessment by any means With the help of various advanced tools and applications it has become very easy for the leaming class to get the things done, This could provoke a deceive attitude in students, They may lose the innocence and honesty one should have in his/her nature. Students may get misguided with this system. Again there is a threat, that online examinations could also get affected with online culture, As it is pretty much easy for today’s generation to play with the websites, hack them or break the security of examination sites. So online examinations are more prone to such kinds of hacks resulting into the poor assessment of students ‘* Effect on social development of students — A School is not just a building, where a child grows only academically. A School is also responsible for the various dimensions of the personality of the child. It also develops him/her socially and helps them to understand our society and surrounding, Gaining good marks and being good in academics is a completely different thing than being a good human being. When a child enters the school gate and wishes the first elderly person greetings for the day right from that moment he begins learning something. He shares his tiffin with his peers and ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 7VOLUME «IX, 18 IE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) thus understands the significance of sharing. He plays different sports with the classmates and understands the importance of team work. They participate in different curricular and co curricular activities and thus understand the importance of co ordination. They share their problems with their second parents i.e. their teachers and Jean to trust the world, They leam to express themselves and stand for what is right. They participate in sports and understand the importance of physical fitness along with the mental fitness. In short, they learn to put everything in practical whatever they had learnt in text books They develop out of the box thinking and respecting each other's perspective to look at the things happening around us in society. And no doubt all these things happen because in classroom, they share a common roof. Under which they prosper in every possible way, The teachers not just teach, but they give a vision and develop an art of thinking in students, This is easier for a teacher as he meets his student everyday in classroom and observes the positive side as well as lacunas in the child, This thing is, not at all possible with the online education. As it limits the physical access to the students. This does not contribute to the social growth of the child. This could ultimately result in the disorders like isolation, depression, frustration and other severe issues. Online tools give the power of technology but take away the ability of social expression. Procrastination —In an online class there is no one to remind you about the starting time of class, There is no one to remind you of your assignments. You are answerable to no one for your attendance, And there is no one to threaten or remind you to appear for exam in time. Online leaning gives us more freedom, perhaps more than we can handle. And it’s not everyone's cup of tea to mold ourselves in such a disciplined way To adopt a time punctual attitude and to give targets to own self with honesty and complete them with the same approach. No restriction of a specific schedule requires strong commitment on our part. And if one fails to do it . or is unable to fulfill the promises given to own self while perceiving the knowledge he or she may face the harsh and unbearable consequences of time. Only you are responsible for your leaning. Being a teacher or a trainer he can’t force his students to be disciplined or to study. What he can just do is share a knowledge and experience: make students acquaint with few tools a hope that they had understood the ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 28VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) content well. Students need to create their own spark and desire for self leaming and to keep themselves motivated. Conclusion We had discussed both the aspects of online teaching, In that we had seen that at one end it is serving the leaming process with much of ease and convenience to us while at other end it has got huge demerits, which can keep one far back in competition if he doesn’t have a right attitude to use this constructive and destructive power of technology. The question remains unanswered that is it a boon or a curse? It cannot be labeled as disadvantageous forever nor could it be titled as advantageous. Technology has got power to change the world but it lacks mind power without which it cannot differentiate between the vice and virtue. A gun if handed over to any soldier, who is protecting his nation and a same gun if handed over to a terrorist for the destructive purpose can change the story and make a lot difference, Coz knows no difference between the soldier and a terrorist, It is the hand and the mind responsible for constructive or destructive purpose. And so is applicable to the potential of intemet. If used wisely, it can change the world in a positive way. If not, then too can change the world, but with a scenario that we would never wish to witness. References 1, _hitps://www.utep.edu/extendeduniversity/utepconnect/blog/january-2018/the-who- ‘what-when-and-why-behind-online-education html 2. hiips:/eric.ed.gov/tid=EJ10180904:~:text=A%20coding%20scheme%20was%20applie d face%2Dto%2Dface%20instruction, 3. _hitps:/thebestschools.org/magazine/why-online-college-flexibility” ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 29VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 6. Effect of Yoga Training on Systolic Pressure among University Sports Women Vijayalakshimi PhD scholar (Fulltime), Alagappa University, Karaikudi Dr. S. Saroja Assitant Professor, AUCPE, Alagappa University, Karaikudi The Purpose of the study was to find out, the intervened effect of yoga on Systolic Pressure among the university sportswomen, The subjects chosen for the study were 30 Sportswomen from Alagappa University, aged between 20 and 25 years. They were randomly divided into two groups of 15 each, one being the experimental group and the other a control ‘group. The experimental group underwent a scheduled yoga practice for a period of 8 weeks. 6 dayshveek as the control group was on daily regular routine, The status of Systolic pressure was measured before (Pre-test) and after (Post-test) the experimental period using Sphygmomanometer and Stethoscope. The data were analyzed statistically for significant differences. Later applying analysis of variance and analysis of co-variance (in case of insignificance), significance in variance is shown, and further Scheffe’s test was applied. The result proves that the yogic scheduled practices have made a significant impact on the Systolic pressure of the experimental group compared to the control group. Key words: Yogic Practices, Systolic Pressure, Experimental group, Control group. Sphygmomanometer and Stethoscope Introduction The technology of today not only advance us to the next phase but increases the risks of daily survival and makes life in this concrete jungle more complex and competitive making people at heavy stress and pressure due to which people make life miserable. The spi L of sports, is limited only to win laurels, people would only want winners and not losers hence sportswomen are injected with forced result than a performance oriented result, To stabilize sportswomen from, this fact of sports arena, we need to establish integration between our head (Thinking), heart (Feeling) and hands (Behavior), which means discarding discrepancies in our thinking, feeling and behavior towards sports and its performance. To achieve this, yoga psychology recommends ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 30VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) leading a disciplined lifestyle and developing a positive attitude towards the events of life. Blood pressure is the lateral pressure exerted by blood on the vessel walls while flowing through it. The highest level systolic blood pressure to which the arterial blood pressure rises during the systolic ejection of blood from the ventricle (Lawrence E, Morehouse, 1976). The science of yoga proclaims that yogic techniques and practices aim at selective as well as wholesome shaping of human body and mind, Hence a selective package of yogic practices consisting Asana (Physical Postures), Pranayama (Breathing Practices) and Meditation (Mental Practices) was designed with performance norms intended to create a positive impacts among the experimental subject on Systolic pressure, The capsule is expected to assist the enhancement and regulation of the Systolic pressure so as to suit the tested variable. The degree and range of impacts of the capsule subjected to statistical analysis is the culmination of the research challenge. Yoga The term 'yoga’ is used to indicate both the ‘End! as well as the ‘mean’. In the sense of the ‘End’, the word 'Yoga’ signifies ‘Integration’ at its highest level. All the means that subscribe to reach this goal also constitute yoga, in the sense of 'yukti' the means or technique, All the practices, whether high or low are calculated to help the progress of the aspirant towards such integration are together known by the name ‘yoga’. Yoga is thus an integral subject, which takes into consideration man as a whole. It does not divide him into watertight compartment as body, mind and spirit ete Asana Asana are those postures with dynamic moments oriented to create physical and physiological changes in the human system. It works on the principle of sthiram ~ sugam- asanam (seat). Local compression of various structures affects the whole body during flexing and extending which in tum tunes the tissues locally so as to stimulate nerves, blood, lymph, endocrine organs and neural plexus. Thus the wide range of posturing, improving suppleness and flexibility in the body are achieved particularly toning up the nervous system. Funetions of all vital organs, stimulation of glands and regulation of the blood flow are achieved by proper postures and the muscles in our body are thus firmed and strengthened. Pranayama Pranayama is the practice of breathing exercises with the three scientific phases namely Puraka (Inhalation), Kumbhaka (Holding the air in the lungs) and Rechaka (Exhalation) in a ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 31VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) progressive manner that works centrally and the effects spread to the periphery, too. One must understand that the objective of pranayama is to affect the proper balance between Ida (Moon Breath) and Pingala (Sun Breath) nadis and to gain the physiological, spiritual upliftment through the attainment of light and knowledge from the sushumna nadi, From the physical point of view, a proper balance among the nadis ensures health, strength, peace and longevity Pranayama have seasonal effects in its technique and practice. Hence the selection of pranayama, for the practice schedule should be based on the seasonal requirements, During practice the three phases, inhalation, holding the breath and exhalation should be observed as 1:1:1 (Initial Stage) 1:2:2 (Intermediate Stage) and 1:4:2 (Advanced Stage) (Iyengar, 2001), Meditation Meditation is a systematic method of mental practice that gives a complete mental, physical and emotional relaxation. Materials and Methods The subjects chosen for the study were 30 athletes who represented University of Madras, Chennai aged between 20 and 25 years. They were randomly divided into two groups of 15 each, one being the experimental group and the other a control group. The experimental group underwent a scheduled yoga practice for a period of 8 weeks, 6 days/week as the control group was on daily regular routine. The status of systolic pressure was measured before (Pre-test) and after (Post-test) after the experimental period. The data were analyzed statistically for significant differences. Later applying analysis of variance and analysis of co-variance (in case of insignificance), significance in variance is shown, and further Scheffe’s test was applied. The subject was asked to sit comfortably on the chair with the lefl arm slightly flexed and the whole forearm supported at the heart level on the table, The subject was asked to have weight of the body on the forearm and the fingers were relaxed. The center of the rubber composer bag was squarely, placed over the brachial artery and placed to wrap the silk cuff after the manner of the bandage tuck the ends in neatly avoiding any tucks in wrapping, The systolic and diastolic points were determined from the different sounds made by blood in the artery as the artery is subjected to various degrees of compression. The sounds were heard by means of stethoscope applied just below the armband at the bifurcation of the brachial artery. For Systoli pressure, pressure was applied by means of the pressure ball and with the left hand palpating the pulse, the pressure was continued for about a further 10 mm, above the point of pulse disappearance. The stethoscope ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) was applied to the brachial artery and releasing the pressure in the rubber composer bag slowly and evenly by means of slight movement of the release screw of the control valve heard intently by heart sound. The first sound is usually clear and easy to distinguish; the first regular beat being heard should be read as the point of systolic pressure. Yoga Training Capsule Asana Pranayama Meditation Padmasana, Vajrasana, Paschimothanasana, Matsyasana, ArthaMatsyendrasana, Halasana, Bhujangasana, Dhanurasana, Shalabhasana, Sarvangasana, Pawanmuktanasan Chakrasana, Utthita Parvakonasana, Virabhadrasana, Utkatasana, Vrksasana, Tadasana, Garudasana, Shavasana, Nadisuddhi, Nadi Shodhana, Ujjayi, Kapalabhati, Bhramari, Bhastrika, Sitalai, Sitakari Observing the breath (Swami Satyananda Saraswathi, 1993) ime Spilit - raining Schedule SLNo. Description Period 1 Training duration 8 Weeks Days 6 days (Monday to Saturday) Training Session’ Day 1 Session (Mom & Even alternatively) Duration of Session 90 Minutes Preparation / Warm-up 15 Minutes ‘Training for specific components 45 Minutes Distributed rests 15 Minutes Relaxation / Warm-down 15 Minutes Total ‘90 Minutes Capsule within threshold Results and Discussion, The collected scores from Pre-test and Post-test after statistical analysis reveal significance in the final output of the scores arrived after the experimentation period in post-test scores. The Table-I presents the result of statistical result of significance. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME - IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) TABLE -1 Result of Analysis of Variance and Analysis of Systolic Pressure of Control and Experimental Group Sources of Variance | df| _SSx_| SSy | MSx(Vx) | MSy(Vy) | Fx | Fy Between Means (K-1)/ 1 | 403 | 403.33 | 403 | 403.33 | 0.04 | 648* Within Groups (N-K) | 28 | 2698.93 | 1743.33 96.39 62.26 Total 29 | 2702.97 | 2146.67 Table Value DF (1.28) at 0.05 level : 4.20 / DF (1.28) at 0.01 level : 7.64 TABLE - II Scheffe's test for significance of the Difference between Paired means Mean Values | MD | LS Group-I | Group-2 113,33 | 106,00 [7.33 [005 Cl Value for 0.05 level :5.90/ 0.01 level : 7.96 Table-I indicates that after the training programme significant difference was found in (Systolic Pressure) computation of Analysis of variance as the obtained “F”-ratio computed from. adjusted mean sum of squares was 6.48 against the prescribed tabulated value of 4.20 at 0.05 level of confidence for 1 and 28 degrees of freedom. So the obtained *F'-ratio was significant at 0.05 level of confidence. The result of investigation revealed that there was significant improvement in Systolic pressure through scheduled yoga practice programme. The results by and large were in conformity with the findings of Saahein and Udupa (1988). The means of Pre and Post-test scores of two groups in Systolic Pressure have been presented graphically in Fig-1 FIGURE-1 ‘Mean Systolic Pressure (Pre and Post-test) of Control and Experimental Group ne oo a 10 (Derevesr 106 204 102 ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 MVOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Conclusion The Scheduled yogic practices made impacts on systolic pressure during post training assessment among the sportswomen, Based on the finding it is concluded that the yogic practices package could be of a notable capsule training to maintain and develop a positive systolic pressure. References 1 Clarke, David and Harrison H, Clarke , Research Process in Physical Education, Recreation and Health, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall Ine., New Jersy. 1972 Iyangar B.K.S., Yoga- The Path to Holistic Health, Dorling Kindersley Limited, Great Britain, 2001 Lawrence E. Morehouse and Augustus T. Miller, Physiology of Exercise, Saint Louis, The C. V. Mosby Company, 1976, 341 Seshein R.S, Effect of Pranayama and transcendental Meditation on Pulse rate and Blood pressure of the male students of the Sourashtra College, Madurai, Research Thesis, Alagappa University, 1988. Swami Satyananda Saraswathi, Asana, Pranayama, Mudra, Banda, Bihar School of ‘Yoga, Muger. Bihar, India, 8 Ed._ 1993, ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 7. Comparative Study of Health Related Physical of Regular Yogic Harwan Zaffer Physical Education, Practitioners and Regular Walking Practitioners, of H.V.P. Mandal’s, Amravati, Abstract The main purpose of the study was to compare the present standard of Health Related Physical Fitness of Regular Yogic Practitioners and Waking Practitioners of H.V.P.Mandal’s, Amravati. For the purpose of the study 15 male Regular Yogic Practitioners and 15 male Regular Waking Practitioners were selected as subject from H.V.P.Mandal’s, Amravati by adopting simple random sampling method and the age of the subjects was ranging from 35 to 45 years It was hypothesized that there would be significant difference in Health Related Physical Fitness between Regular Yogic Practitioners and Regular Waking Practitioners of HLV.P.Mandal’s, Amravati To collect the data pertaining to the study AAPHER Youth Health Related Fitness Test consisting of Pull-ups, Sit and Reach test,1-mile Run and Walk, 1 minute Bent Knee Sit Ups, Four sites Skin Fold Thickness were administrated to check the Health Related Physical Fitness of the subjects and the scores were recorded according to the concerned test items. To determine the significant difference of Health Related Physical Fitness between the Regular Yogic Practitioners and Regular Waking Practitioners of H.V.P.Mandal’s, Amravati independent t-test was employed. The level of significance was set at 0.05 for testing the hypothesis. The findings of the statistical analysis revealed that Yogic Practitioners having better Health Related Fitness status as compared to Walking Practitioners, Significant Difference was found in the variables of Sit and Reach and Fat Body Weight whereas Insignificant difference was observed in the variables of Pull-ups, Bend Knee Sit-ups, 1 Mile Run and Walk and Lean Body Weight. Keywords: Yogic Practitioners, Walking Practitioners, Pull-Ups, Bend Knee Sit-Ups, Reach, | Mile Run And Walk, Fat Weight and Lean Body Weight. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 36VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Introduction Waking is much more then as exercise. Gently on the body and calming to the mind. walking symbolizes a moderates, balance, activity life style, the walking philosophy dose not embrace the hyper competitive values that are prominent both in and out of most sports .nor does it support dangerous, risky behavior. Is the activity for those who follow the golden middle way ‘Yoga implies perfect harmony of the body, mind and spirit. On a physical level it implies glowing health. Yoga aims to ensure perfect health by physical and mental putification through the control of mind and body On a physical level it implies glowing health. Yoga aims to ensure perfect health by physical and mental purification through the control of mind and body Physical fitness has also been acclaimed as on his essential requirement. It is equally required for every human being and all sphere of life. Physical fitness is the capacity of the heart, blood vessels, lungs and muscles of function at optimal efficiency mean the most favorable health needed for the enthusiastic and pleasu ble participation in daily tasks and recreation activities. Purpose of the Study The main purpose of the study was to compare the present standard of Health Related Physical Fitness of Regular Yogic Practitioners and Waking Practitioners of H.V.P.Mand: Amravati. Hypothesis. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant difference in Health Related Physical Fitness between Regular Yogic Practitioners and Regular Waking Practitioners of H.V.P.Mandal’s, Amravati. Methodology Total 30 male subjects, 15 Regular Yogic Practitioners and 15 Regular Waking Practitioners of H.V.P.Mandal’s, Amravati were selected by adopting simple random sampling method and the age of the subjects was ranging from 35 to 45 years. To collect the data pertaining to the study AAPHER Youth Health Related Fitness Test was administrated to check the Physical Fitness of the Subjects. AAPHER Youth Health Related Fitness Test consisted of Pull-ups, Sit and reach test, L-mile Run and Walk, | minute Bent Knee Sit Ups, Four sites skin fold thickness and the scores were recorded according to the concerned test items. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 37VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Result and discussion To determine the significance of difference on the above mentioned components between ‘two groups of subject's independent t- test was employed. The level of significance was set at 0.05 for testing the hypothesis, The findings pertaining to the study have been shown in Table-1 Table-1 Summary of Mean, Standard Deviation and‘t’- ratio for the Data on the Health Related itness between Regular Yogic Practitioners and Regular Waking Practitioners. Standard Error Test Subjects Mean | Standard | Mean of t-ratio Deviation | Difference | Difference Yoic 46 227 Pull-ups | Practitioners 073 0.8872 0.8228 Walking | 3.87 258 Practitioners Yosic 1353] 10.67 Bend Practitioners 0.13 3.9420 0.0329 Knee Sit | Walking 154 10.92 ups Practitioners Yogic 853 Ts and | Practitioners 453 0.6254 7.2433* Reach Walking 4 161 Practitioners Yosic 7.16 055 1 Mile | Practition 0.07 0.2357 0.2969 Run and|~ Walking | 7.69 072 Walk Practitioners Yosic oa 2.62 Fat Body | Practitioners 581 1.1853 4.9017* Weight — | Walking 1492[ 371 Practitioners Yogic 344 2.96 Lean | Practitioners 2.52 1.8912 1.3324 Body [Walking 3188] 6.70 Weight _| Practitioners Significance at 0.05 levelTabulated t 05; -2.048 It is evident from the findings of Table-1 that significant difference was found in the variables of Sit and Reach (t=7.2433) and Fat Body Weight ((=4.9017) because obtained t-yalues are greater than the tabulated t-value of 2.048 at .05 level for 28 degrees of freedom. Whereas ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 38VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) insignificant difference was found in the variables of Pull-ups (1 0.8228), Bend Knee Sit-ups (t=0.0329), 1 Mile Run and Walk (t=0.2969) and Lean Body Weight (t=1.3324) as the calculated ‘-values are less than the tabulated t-value 2.048 at 0.05 level for 28 degree of freedom. From the ‘mean values itis understood that Yogic Practitioners having better Health Related Fitness status as compared to Walking Practitioners Findings of the study shows that Yogic Practitioners were superior in Health Related Fitness as compared to the Walking Practitioners it may be attributed to the nature of the activity and the different types of exercises which are performed during yogic practices. Yoga and walking leads to the physical development as well as cardiovascular development but when we talk about flexibility and fat percentage of body yoga shows better performance due to practice of asanas and pranayamas. Conclusion Recognizing the limitations of the study and on the basis of statistical findings it may be fairly contributed that- 1. Yogic Practitioners having better Health Related Fitness status as compared to Walking Practitioners. IL Significant Difference was found in the variables of Sit and Reach and Fat Body Weight IIL, Insignificant difference was observed in the variables of Pull-ups, Bend Knee Sit-ups, 1 Mile Run and Walk and Lean Body Weight. References © AAPHER, AAPHER Youth fitness test Manual (Washington, DC): AAPHER Publication, 1972 ‘* AAPHER, Special fitness test Mannual, American Association for Health, physical Education and Recreation, (N.E.A. Fitness Development, Washington 1987) P.297 ‘+ Dr. Aimer Singh and other: “Essential of Physical Education” Kalyani Publishing, 2006 P.319, * Dr. M, Gore, Anatomy and Physiology of yogic practice (New Age Book, New Delhi, 2005) P.P. 99-100 * HM, Reet and A.K Uppal, Foundation of physical Education (Barada: Friend publication 1984) P.287 ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 39VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 8. Biopolitics of Life to Manage the Health of the Body Politic and Risk Politics Dr, Ravi S. Dharpawar Chintamani Mahavidyalaya, Ghugus. Abstract In the light of the history of biological racism and eugenics in the 19th and 20th centuries, it is not surprising that many sociologists have expressed concerns about the contemporary resurgence of biological and genetic accounts of human capacities and incapacities. They have argued that, like previous appeals to biological nature, such developments will tend to generate a politics that individualizes human worth, essentializes variations in human capacities, reduces social phenomena to the aggregate of individual actions, and discriminates against, constrains or excludes those found biologically abnormal or defective. Thus they have warned of the dangers of a new determinism ~ ‘geneticism’ ~ based on a false but seductive mystique of the power of the genes, and entailing all sorts of diserimination on genetic grounds (Dreyfuss and Nelkin, 1992; Lippman, 1992; Nelkin, 1992; Nelkin and Lindee, 1995: Nelkin and Tancredi, 1994). Some have suggested that we face the real prospect of the rebirth of scientific racism grounded in the apparent objectivity of DNA sequences, and of a new eugenics fuelled not merely by the commercial interests of the biotech companies, but also by parental desires for a perfect child in an age of manipulated consumerism and reproductive choice (Duster, 1990; Hubbard and Wald, 1999: Rifkin, 1998). From such a perspective, the rhetoric that celebrates the potential of biomedicine and biotechnology to improve the health, welfare and quality of life of individuals obscures the threat that new biological practices of control will coerce, restrict and even eliminate those whose biological propensities are believed — by doctors, parents or pethaps even by political authorities ~ to be defective. Some locate the \wish to control the biological make-up of the population at the very heart of modernity. Thus for both Giorgio Agamben and Zygmunt Bauman the than atopolitics of population purification is immanent within the very project of biopolitics: to manage the health of the “body politic” ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 40VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) inescapably requires the control and elimination of “foreign bodies” (Agamben, 1998; Bauman, 1989). The National Socialism of the German Third Reich certainly exemplifies this link between the administration of life and the administration of death, For example, in a book of 1936 entitled Rassenhygiene als Wissenschaft und Staatsaufgabe, Ottmar von Verschuer asserts that politics should mean ‘giving form to the life of the people’ Life itself, the vital reality of a people, must become the overriding responsibility and criterion that should guide the exercise of political authority, This requires a nationally organized and politically directed programme to improve the quality of the national stock and eliminate taints or weaknesses that might threaten it, Is tactics range from propaganda and education stressing the burden on the race imposed by those with defective constitutions, to eugenic legislation on 2 Theory, Culture & Society The assessment of reproductive worth by experts working on behalf of the state, the prevention of those who are members of defective or inferior sub-populations from reproducing through sterilization or extermination. Once each life has a value which may be calculated, and some lives have less value than others, such a politics has the obligation to exercise this judgement in the name of the race or the nation. All the eugenic projects of selective reproduction, sterilization and incarceration follow. Indeed, Agamben asserts that “the camp’ is the “biopolitical paradigm of the modem’: when the collective body of the people becomes the principal resource for politics, the purging of defective individuals becomes an essential part of the care of life. As Lene Koch has pointed out, references to eugenics in many contemporary evaluations of biomedicine have a characteristic rhetorical function. Some invoke eugenics to distinguish the present from the past: thus contemporary molecular geneticists usually argue that their discipline, in common with the rest of medicine, has decisively rejected eugenics in favour of individualized, voluntary, informed, ethical, preventive medicine organized around the pursuit of health, Others invoke eugenics to link the present with the past, suggesting that despite its differences, contemporary biomedicine, in combination with genetics, still judges human life and worth, in so far as it intervenes upon the chances of life in order to eliminate differences coded as defects, But Agamben and Bauman are undoubtedly correct in suggesting that, over the course of the 20th century, there was no such clear distinction between preventive medicine and eugenics, between the pursuit of health and the elimination of unfitness, between consent and compulsion. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 4VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) AL the start of the 20th century, two great state-sponsored biopolitical strategies were taking shape across the nation states of Europe and North America and in many of their colonies. The first sought to maximize the fitness of the population by adding an individualized attention to the habits of subjects to the earlier hygienic concem with securing the extemal conditions of health through town planning, sewage systems and the like. Taking its cue from the moralizing interventions into the habits of the poor that had proliferated in the second half of the 9th century, this ‘neo-hygienist” programme sought to instil habits conducive to physical and moral health into each individual via the machinery of the domesticated home and the school linked with such disciplinary and tutelary measures as medical inspection of schoolchildren, health visitors, clinies and so forth (Donzelot, 1979: Rose, 1985). Health here formed a kind of transactional zone between political concems for the fitness of the nation and personal techniques for the care of self. The second great biopolitical strategy also sought to maximize the fitness of the population, but it privileged one site ~ that of reproduction, Eugenics sought to improve the body politic and to relieve it of the economic and social burdens of disease and degeneracy in the future by acting upon the reproductive decisions and capacities of individuals in the present the many general accounts of eugenics, perhaps the best is Kevles, 1985). Eugenic programmes used a combination of incentives and compulsion to modulate the wish or ability of individuals in certain categories to procreate — those judged to have hereditary disease, to be deranged, feebleminded or physically defective, those who were deemed habitually or incorrigibly immoral or anti-social, especially those guilty of sexual crimes and alcoholics, “Positive” eugenic measures ranged from exhortation to family allowances, ‘Negative’ eugenic measures ranged from abortion, through segregation, more or less involuntary sterilization, to ‘euthanasia’, There were many disputes between those allied with the eugenic movement and those who argued for preventive medicine and public health education. But the operational relations between these strategies were more complex: eugenic themes were present in much politics of public health, and public health and preventive medicine seemed to many to be compatible with eugenic thought, Infused with a more or less virulent racism, eugenic policies of forced or coerced sterilization of those considered threats to the quality of the population notably inhabitants of mental hospitals, the “feeble-minded” and those deemed incorrigibly immoral or anti-social ~ spread actoss the United States and Europe and reached their bloody apotheosis in Germany. In the 1920s and 1930s, such sterilization laws were passed in many ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 2VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) states in the United States, in Switzerland, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway, Estonia, Iceland, Mexico (Vera Cruz), Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Lithuania, Latvia, Hungary and Turkey. But coercion was only one element in these strategies, which also sought to modify public attitudes and individual judgements by education and counselling Even under Nazi eugenics, at least as far as mental pathologies were concerned, sterilization and euthanasia were not merely a noxious imposition from above, In the context of the eugenic domination of the medical and scientific literature, many German doctors took their own decisions on eugenic grounds: in the context of a widespread campaign of propaganda and public education, parents often requested eugenic measures for their own children (Burleigh 1994), Thus it is not surprising that sterilization on eugenic grounds continued into the post-war period in a number of democratic nations. Many scientists and policy-makers saw nationally planned and state-directed eugenic practices as quite compatible with rationalities of welfare. Sweden is the exemplar. Here, from 1935 up until 1975, a kind of pastoral eugenics was practised, within the context of a developing paternalistic welfare state. It was modelled on the responsibilities of a good shepherd — who must, of course, be prepared to take sometimes harsh decisions in order to reduce the burden that weak or sickly sheep would otherwise place upon the flock as a whole (cf: Foucault, 2001), Eugenic arguments, informed by a wish to improve the quality, fitness and health of the national population, also underpinned pro-natalist policies such as family allowances and prenuptial examinations in France, and the key actors saw no contradiction between eugenic and hygienic strategies to combat ‘social evils’. And, at least up until the 1950s in Britain and the United States, eugenic considerations infused reproductive advice to prospective parents in the new profession of genetic counselling: such advice was considered especially important for those subjects with a family history of inherited defects or disease who lacked the moral capacity to appreciate the implications and hence control their reproduction, State-organized or state-supported tactics for modification of reproductive decisions and capacities in the name of the health of the population thus played a part in the medical and biological politics of many liberal democratic societies across the 20th century in the name of preventive medicine and public health. However great the moral and political distance between the euthanasia, compulsory sterilization and genetic counselling, we cannot simply counterpose positive to negative policies, voluntary to compulsory measures, coercion and persuasion. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) How, then, might one begin to mark out the specificity of our contemporary biopolitics? ‘The biopolitics of the first half of the 20th century, both in its neo-hygienist and in its eugenic form, involved more than the idea that, other things being equal, healthy individuals were more desirable than those who were unhealthy. Health was understood as fitness, and the problem was framed in terms of the political importance attached to the fitness of the national population considered en masse, as it competed with other national populations. Population fitness was liable to threats from within and without, and national governments had the obligation to guard against these threats and to take measures to enhance that fitness through policies that were formulated by, and enacted through, the apparatus of the state, But, unlike Agamben and Bauman, I think that contemporary biopolitics differs in crucial respects. As many have pointed out, the political rationalities of our present are no longer inspired by the dream of the taking in charge of the lives of each in the name of the destiny of all The ideal of an omnicompetent social state that would shape, coordinate and manage the affairs of all sectors of society has fallen into disrepute. The idea of “society” as a single, if heterogeneous, domain with a national culture, a national population, a national destiny, co-extensive with a national territory and the powers of a national political government has entered a crisis. The idea of a “national culture” has given way to that of *cultures’, national identity to a complex array of identity politics. *community” to communities. In this new configuration, the political meaning and salience of health and disease have changed. Of course, programmes of preventive medicine, of health promotion and health education still ake, as their object, “the nation’s health’ Today, however, the rationale for political interest in the health of the population is no longer framed in terms of the consequences of unfitness of the population as an organic whole for the struggle between nations. Instead it is posed in economic terms ~ the costs of ill-health in terms of days lost from work or rising insurance contributions ~ or moral terms ~ the imperative to reduce inequalities in health, While intemational comparisons are undoubtedly’ still Rose — The Politics of Life It self significant, their contemporary political function is no longer that of marking the potential vulnerability ofa polity in geo-political rivalry: rather, they serve as public indices of the extent to which nations have instituted successful policies for the governance of health, National health indicators, here, do not measure the fitness of a population as a whole: they function as aggregates of the health status of individual citizens and families. Further, in ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 4VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) fostering health, the ideal relation of state to people is no longer that aspired to in the “social state. The contemporary state does not ‘nationalize’ the corporeality of its subjects into a body politic on which it works en masse, in relation to the body polities of other states competing in similar terms, The state is no longer expected to resolve society”s needs for health, The vitality of the species ~ the nation, the population, the race ~ is rarely the rationale and legitimation for compulsory interventions into the individual lives of these who are only its constituent elements, In this domain as in so many others, the images now are of the enabling state, the facilitating state, the state as animator. On the one hand, the state retains the responsibility that it acquired in the 18th or 19th century ~ the precise timing varying across national contexts ~ to secure the ‘general conditions for health: regulating the sale of foodstuffs, organizing pure water and sewage disposal, sometimes mandating the addition of health-promoting elements into the diet vitamins, fluoride in water and the like, On the other hand, within such a health promoting habitat, the state tries to free itself of some of the responsibilities that it acquired across the 20th century for securing individuals against the consequences of illness and accident. Thus we have seen an intensification and generalization of the health-promotion strategies developed in the 20th century, coupled with the rise of a private health insurance industry, enhancing the obligations that individuals and families have for monitoring and managing their own health. Every citizen must now become an active partner in the drive for health, accepting their responsibility for securing their own well-being, Organizations and communities are also urged to take an active role in securing the health and well-being of their employees and members. This new ‘will to heath’ is increasingly capitalized by enterprises ranging from the pharmaceutical companies to food retailers, And a whole range of pressure ‘groups, campaigning organizations, self-help groups have come to occupy the space of desires anxieties, disappointments and ailments between the will to health and the experience of its absence. Within this complex network of forces and images, the health-related aspirations and conduct of individuals is governed “at a distance’, by shaping the ways they understand and enact their own freedom. Perhaps Agamben and Bauman are right in suggesting that the link between individual and collective in the first half of the 20th century ~ both neo-hygienic and eugenic took a characteristically ‘modem’ form. Ifso, 1 would argue that within the political rationalities, that I have termed “advanced liberal’ the contemporary relation between the biological life of the ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 4VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) individual and the well-being of the collective is posed somewhat differently and eliminate or constrain those individuals bearing a defective constitution, or to promote the reproduction of ‘those whose biological characteristics are most desirable, in the name of the overall fitness of the population, nation or race. Rather, it consists in a variety of strategies that try to identify, treat, manage or administer those individuals, groups or localities where risk is seen to be high. The binary distinctions of normal and pathological, which were central to earlier biopolitical analyses, are now organized within these strategies for the government of risk. Such strategies are organized at a number of levels. There are actuarial or epidemiological strategies that seek to reduce aggregate levels of risk across a population. There are strategies for the management of high-risk groups. And, increasingly, there are strategies based on identification of, and preventive intervention for, risky individuals, Risk here denotes a family of ways of thinking and acting, involving calculations about probable futures in the present followed by interventions into the present in order to control that potential future. Mortality and morbidity were key sites for the development of conceptions of the future as calculable, predictable, and as dependent upon identifiable factors some of which were manageable. The politics of health in the 19th century was underpinned by the collection and tabulation of numerical information on populations, and its analysis in terms of frequencies. probabilities. This was the rationale for hygienic strategies that tried to identify, manage and reduce aggregate levels of morbidity and mortality by modifying the factors within a geographical area, a habitat or a portion of the life course that were statistically associated with increased levels of morbidity or mortality. Thus, in England, Edwin Chadwick used statistical and probabilistic reasoning in his arguments for the reform of sewage systems, and William Farr compiled evidence on the geographical distribution of morbidity and mortality to inculpate water supplies in the spread of cholera in the first half of the 20th century, such ideas about the regularity and predictability of illness, accidents and other misfortunes within a population were central to the birth of the very idea of society, and to the emergence, in different countries, of social insurance strategies for the spreading of the risks entailed in the very activity of living across an insured national population. Over the second half of the 20th century, biopolitical concerns with the minimization of risks to health ~ control of environmental pollution, reduction of accidents, maintenance of bodily health, nurturing of children — became intrinsic not just to the organization of health and social services, but to expert decisions about town planning, building design, educational practice, the management of ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 46VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) organizations, the marketing of food, the design of automobiles and much more, That is to for over 150 years, risk thinking has been central to biopolitics. Demands for collective measures of biopolitical risk management, far from reducing, are proliferating and globalizing. 10 And strategies aimed at the reduction of the probability of untoward events across a population ~ Rose ~ The Politics of Life Itself targeting risky practices and locales rather than risky or at risk individuals ~ are spreading to the government of many other kinds of unwanted events ~ notably crime control. However, again starting in the 19th century, a second set of strategies has also operated in terms of a type of risk thinking. These attempted to find factors that would enable the identification of high-risk groups and hence permit authorities to intervene upon those falling within such groups in a preventive or prophylactic manner. The use of risk profiling to demarcate risk pools has a very long history, going back to the very beginnings of the insurance industry Risk profiling, rather than acting “actuarially” or insurantially upon the population at large, uses probabilistic and epidemiological knowledge to identify factors associated with higher risks of particular forms of illhealth, reproductive problems or other forms of pathology, and then allocates individuals to risk pools using an algorithm made up of these factors. In the field of health, as risk profiling developed from the mid-20th century. it was used to develop risk profiles, scales and indices, which were used to identify those who fell within groups with a significantly higher than average risk, and intervene preventively upon them. Most readers will be personally familiar with such procedures for the allocation of individuals to risk groups, on a genealogical basis, in terms of a family history of illness or pathology, and/or on a factorial basis, in terms of combinations of factors statistically linked to a condition. Men presenting to their doctors with high blood pressure are risk profiled in terms of age, weight, family history, smoking and so forth, are allocated to a risk group using a scale based on epidemiological and clinical research, and, if at high risk, may be advised to make changes to behaviour, diet or lifestyle, or pre-emptively placed on a drug regime intended to reduce the risk of the occurrence of such disorders. Pregnant women are risk profiled by their doctor or midwife, and, if allocated to a high risk group for miscarriage, premature birth or associated difficulties, are subject to enhanced surveillance by midwives and gynecologists. The earliest reproductive advice based on genetics also operated in terms of the identification of those who were members of high-risk groups on the basis of epidemiological factors, family history and probabilities. So did the eugenic programmes of sterilization of “the feeble minded’, ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 a7VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) psychiatric patients and sexual offenders in the early 20th century that I have already discussed In addition, from the early 20th century, in many countries, a number of individuals and organizations began to give reproductive advice, focusing on prospective marital partners or would-be parents who had a family history of certain types of disease or disability thought to be ‘hereditary’. They were given advice concerning the risks and probabilities of their children carrying the condition and advised not to marry, or not to have children, offered a termination of pregnancy, even in jurisdictions where abortion was illegal on other grounds. Genetic advising in the first half of the 20th century was an explicitly eugenic tool, In the years after the end of the Second World War, when a large number of heredity clinies were 8 Theory, Culture & Society established in many countries, their major goal was to prevent birth defects, and help couples make ‘eugenic” rather than “dysgenic” decisions’. And in the closing decades of the 20th century, antenatal screening, for example, testing samples of matemal serum for raised levels of proteins associated with certain genetic abnormalities, became widespread for pregnant women whose age or family history placed them in highrisk groups, coupled with the option of termination, A few doctors and geneticists still argue that any responsible citizen who believes that they carry ‘genetic defects should try to reduce the risk of transmission to future generations such statements lead some critics to diagnose an implicit eugenics in the very idea of genetic counselling, 11 But I think it is necessary to be more specific about the make-up of such contemporary logics of control.12 Decision making in the biomedical contest takes place within a set of power relations that we could term ‘pastoral’. I have referred to Swedish eugenics as pastoral, in a sense close to that developed by Foucault - a form of collectivizing and individualizing power concerned with the welfare of the “flock* as a whole, But this contemporary pastoral power is not organized or administered by ‘the state” ~ even if we use this term to encompass the whole complex of legislative provision, state-funded research organizations and national committees of enquiry into the medical and ethical aspects of the new biomedicine. It takes place in a plural and contested field traversed by the codes pronounced by ethics committees and professional associations, by the empirical findings generated by researchers, the attitudes and criteria used by employers and insurers, the tests developed and promoted by psychologists and biotech companies, the advice offered by self-help organizations, and even, one might add, the critical perspectives contributed by religious organizations and sociological crities. Crucially, this pastoral power does not concem itself with the flock as a whole. For at least three decades, ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 48VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) professionals involved in this work have explicitly rejected the view that they are, or should be, seeking to limit the reproductive capacities of those at risk of passing an inherited condition or disability to their offspring, let alone the suggestion that they are, or should be, concemmed with the contribution of individual biological characteristics to future population quality, or even the future cost to the nation of caring for children with disabilities. But this pastoralism does not simply entail a priest-like shepherd knowing and mastering the soul of the individual troubled sheep. Perhaps one might best describe this form of pastoral power as relational. It works through the relation between the affects and ethics of the guider ~ the genetic counsellors and allied experts of reproduction who operate as gatekeepers to tests and medical procedures ~ and the affects and ethics of the guided — the actual or potential parents who are making their reproductive decisions, and upon their networks of responsibility and obligation. These new pastors of the soma espouse the ethical principles of informed consent, autonomy, voluntary action and choice, and nondirectiveness But in the practices of this pastoral power, such ethical Rose ~ The Politics of Life liself principles must be translated into a range of micro- technologies for the management of communication and information. These blur the boundaries of coercion and consent. They transform the subjectivities of those who are to give consent or refuse it, through discursive techniques that teach new ways of rendering aspects of oneself into thought and language, new ways of making oneself and one’s actions amenable to judgement. And they reshape the telos of these encounters in specific ways, for example in terms of psychological notions of mental health, or in terms of the recent, but currently ubiquitous idea of “quality of life’ - each now defined within, and measured by, any number of rating scales. Nonetheless, this pastoral power differs from Christian pastor ship, where the vectors of power flowed one way requiring the submission of the sheep to the will of the shepherd, and the internalization of that absolute will in the form of self-examination and sels .astery. These counselling encounters entail intense bi-directional affective entanglements between all the parties to the encounter, and indeed generate multiple “virtual” entanglements with parties not present ~ distant relatives, absent siblings, potential offspring. In these entanglements, the ethical relations of all the subjects to themselves and (o one another are at stake ~ including the experts themselves. The consultation acts as an intensifier of ethicality. It mobilizes affects of shame and guilt, and of the respective claims, scope and limits of freedoms for the self and obligations to others. It activates ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 9VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) the conflicts within the counsellors between the ethics of care and the ethics of guidance, It requires the counsellors (o fold into themselves, in a way thal is by no means trivial or transient, some of those anxious and fateful un decidability’s that possess those whom they counsel. It is, true that — whatever the explicit agenda of non-directive genetic counselling — evidence suggests, that those who were counselled about their membership of risk groups before the availability of the kinds of predictive genetic testing I discuss below, were less likely to have children, But the perils of the contemporary biopolitics of group risk are not a repetition of the past. Rather than a wholesale politics of population management, these are more mundane yet no less hazardous, There are technical problems, for example the validity and appropriateness of the factors used to calculate the risk profiles through which individuals are allocated to risk groups, their generalizability to others given national and cultural variations, the effects of changes since the time when the scales were constructed and so forth, There are the problems of false positives and false negatives that are built into the very project of applying probabilistic reasoning to determine the treatment of individuals ~ these have become infamous in decision making practices concerning compulsory treatment or detention of ky” psychiatric patients, and those arising from advice to women with a family history of breast cancer who may be contemplating prophylactic mastectomy. There are the problems that flow from the fact that, once known to fall within a risk group, the individual may be treated — by others and by themselves — as if they were, now or in the future, certain to be affected in the severest fashion. ‘These problems have been much discussed in relation to discrimination in insurance and. They also arise when risk assessments are linked to preventive interventions. We can see this where individuals allocated to a high-risk group for cancer or heart disease, despite being healthy, must nonetheless conduct their lives under the shadow of medical authority if they are to be ‘responsible’, We can see it in the area of behavioural risk, in the projects for preventive screening and intervention into the lives of young people in the inner cities at risk of violent, aggressive or offending behaviour, which tend to justify preventive intervention into the lives of “the usual suspects”, that may itself be the first step in the moral career of spoiled identity In addition, there are the ethical problems that arise in the relation between experts and their clients when trust in numbers replaces other forms of trust ~ that is to say, when decisions a5 to action seem to arise automatically from judgements ‘black boxed” within an “objective” calculating device ~ whose authors are not available for debate and contestation I discuss some ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 30VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) of these in relation to psychiatry in. And, as innumerable accounts of “the risk society” have pointed out, risk registers and databases have the potential for an expansion and refinement of strategies of control based upon surveillance. It is not surprising, then, that there is much professional optimism about the impact of recent advances in genomics, which seem to have the potential to shift the focus of regulatory strategies from group risk to individual susceptibility Diagnoses of susceptibility attempt to move beyond the allocation of individuals to a risk group on the basis of factors and probabilities, to a precise identification of those particular individuals who are vulnerable to specific conditions or behavioural problems Thus, while epidemiological evidence may show that individuals in certain groups carry an elevated risk for specific conditions ~ as for example in sickle cell anaemia ~ the aim is not simply to act upon that group en masse: group membership is merely the first step towards identifying and treating susceptible individuals. Amniocentesis was first used to detect major abnormalities in the number of chromosomes or their shape in the foetus ~ as in trisomies such as Dovwn’s syndrome or abnormalities in the number of X and Y chromosomes. But samples of amniotic fluid, and now chorionic villus sampling, can be used to detect abnormalities in the DNA itself, or the presence of the specific sequences or markers that are associated with either an increased probability of developing a disorder, or in some cases (for example Huntington’s disease) the certainty Genetic tests are available for a growing number of diseases thought to arise from ‘single ‘genes”:Huntington’s, fragileX, sickle cell, cystic fibrosis and phenylketonuria, And, increasingly, tests are being developed which look for the presence of specific base sequences ~ markers or polymorphisms or SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) ~ that significantly increase the likelihood of developing a particular condition: Alzheimer’s disease, some forms of breast cancer, certain types of heart disease. Since it is now routine for doctors as Rose ~ The Politics of Life Itself well as geneticists to consider that any individual's vulnerability to any disease has a ‘genetic component, consisting mostly of multiple genes and their interactions amongst themselves and with other environmental and biographical factors, the gaze of susceptibility is potentially unlimited. In its new form of suscepti ty, biomedical risk thinking has become individualizing and clinical. It penetrates behind and beneath even those who live their lives “in the silence of the organs” to discover within them the signs, seeds, portents, predispositions of pathology to come, While in the moment of eugenics it was the population that was ‘at risk” from, ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) the risks posed by the reproduction of specific groups or sub-populations, what is created here is ‘what lan Hacking might term a new and interactive’ human kind”: the individual biologically increasing genetically ~ risky or at risk. Now it seems that ‘smart’ programmes of pre-emptive intervention can be devised that target only those individuals predisposed to a particular condition. This thinking underpins the types of genetic counselling that have becomes routine since the 1970s: the screening of pregnant women in “highrisk’ groups: the widespread use of amniocentesis to detect foetuses with genetic abnormalities; the offer of therapeutic abortion for foetuses who test positive: and the increasing resort of “high-risk” parents to TVF coupled with pre-implantation diagnosis in such situations. But the promise of certainty is illusory, In almost all conditions, including those that are implacable such as Huntington's, genetic diagnosis of individual susceptibilities is still, ineseapably, probabilistic. In many cases it is simply that the risk of developing a disease is increased by the presence of certain alleles, sequences or markers Even when a gene sequence is identified that makes it certain that an individual will develop a disease, there is no certainty as to when it will manifest itself, or with what severity. Thus these new practices for the identification of susceptibilities open a space of uncertainty This is the expanding realm of the asymptomatically or presymptomatically ill — those individuals carrying the markers or polymorphisms of susceptibility who are neither phenomenologically or experientially “sick” or ‘abnormal’. While the calculation of risk often seems to promise a technical way of resolving ethical questions, these new kinds of susceptibility offer no clear-cut algorithm for the decisions of doctors or their actual or potential patients. In this space, biopolitics becomes ethopolitics. Biopolitics as Molecular Polities Eugenics was ‘grounded in the truth discourse of the boil References 1, Agamben, Giorgio (1998) 2, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, trans 3. D. Heller-Roazen. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 4, Andreasen, Nancy (2001) Brave New Brain: Conquering Mental Illness in the Era of the Genome. New York: Oxford University Press 5. Gunnar and Roll-Hansen, Nils (eds) (1996) Eugenics and the Welfare State: Sterilisation Policy in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 9. The Benefits of Yoga Dr. Nitin Baliram Kawadkar Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Economics, Chintamani Mahavidyalaya, Ghugus. ‘Abstract This research is focus on importance of yoga and its positive impact on our brain, mind and consciousness. If you practice yoga, then you most likely have experienced the “high” that yoga offers that feeling like you are grounded in your body, calm, connected, clear, and centered. In this space, it might feel like a dark cloud that was following you around prior to class has suddenly disappeared. Or, that negative thought, emotion, or physical sens ion eating away at you has miraculously subsided. You float away from your practice, and no unwanted experience can detract from your calm and peace. This is why yoga is often touted for its calming and relaxing effects on both mind and body. Above and beyond the calm and relaxation, you also may have experienced a deeper connection between your mind and body, as well as more intimacy with your internal experiences, e.g, thoughts, emotions and physical sensations. And, pethaps you have noticed that with this deeper connection and intimacy comes less judgment and evaluation of those internal experiences. This process translates into that state of bliss we experience afier our practice, and arguably leads to less suffering in our lives (aka emotional health and well-being), Hence, yoga for mental health has received increasing attention from both yogis and scientists alike, with the benefits of yoga for mental health traversing several areas ranging from mood and anxiety disorders to stress reduction. Method of Research, Benefits of Keywords:- Introduction, Objectives of this Researc! Yoga, Conclusion Introduction The Yoga is an Art and Science of healthy living. Yoga is an essentially a spiritual discipline based on an extremely subtle science, which focuses on bringing harmony between mind and body. The word “Yoga’ is derived from the Sanskrit root “YUJ’, meaning ‘to join’ or “to yoke" or “to unite”. As per Yogic scriptures the practice of Yoga leads to the union of individual consciousness with that of the Universal Consciousness, indicating a perfect harmony between the mind and body, man & Nature. According to modem scientists, everything in the universe is just a manifestation of the same quantum firmament, One who experiences this oneness of existence is said to be in yoga, and is termed as a yogi, having attained to a state of ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) freedom referred to as Mukti, Nirvana or Moksha. Thus the aim of Yoga is Self-realization, to overcome all kinds of sufferings leading to ‘the state of liberation’ (Moksha) or “freedom (Kaivalya). Living with freedom in all walks of life, health and harmony shall be the main objectives of Yoga practice. The "Yoga" also refers to an inner science comprising of a variety of methods through which human beings can realize this union and achieve mastery over their destiny. The practice of Yoga is believed to have started with the very dawn of civilization. The science of yoga has its origin thousands of years ago, long before the first religions or belief systems were born, In the yogic lore, Shiva is seen as the first yogi or Adiyogi, and the first Guru or Adi Guru Objectives of this Research 1. To focus on benefits of yoga for mental health. 2, To study the benefits of yoga. 3. To study Yoga and Human lifestyle. Method of Research To write the research I used primary and secondary sources. In primary sources I collected opinions from students and senior citizens. In secondary sources I used many books, newspapers online article Benefits of Yoga 1. Stress Reduction Stress is a major epidemic in our society that can create a “hyper vigilance” in our mind and body, and impairs our ability to come from a less reactive place during times of increased stress. Yoga functions like a self-soothing technique in that it alters the stress response system, helping to “tame and quiet down the nervous system. In this way, the mental benefits of yoga are witnessed with the reduction of stress by way of decreased cortisol (stress hormone) levels in our body 2. Yoga Nurture our Positive Psychological The link between yoga and positive psychology is a strong one; although yoga started with a slightly different focus, it is now commonly practiced in the West as an attempt to enhance well-being. Of course, well-being is a core topic in positive psychology. which explains the frequent use of yoga in intervention and exercises, 3. Yoga Builds Confidence ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) One of the most wholesome ways of giving your confidence levels a good boost is yoga. Practising yoga regularly can improve focus, clarity of mind, flexibility and posture while also strengthening your body. It’s the perfect way of relieving stress and instilling a sense of empowerment - and that’s everything you need to increase your confidence level. Here are a few yoga asanas you should practise to give your confidence that much-needed boost, 4. Yoga Help to Build our Sensation Through yoga, you get to know yourself and cultivate a more non judgmental relationship with yourself. You are building self-trust. You exercise more and eat healthier, because your unconscious mind tells you, "I'm worthy of this me time, this effort." At the end of the day, everything comes down to your relationship with yourself. When you get more confident and become more rooted in your sense of self and your center, you develop a healthy. balanced ego. where you have nothing to prove and nothing to hide, You become courageous, with high willpower. You're not afraid of difficult conversations the end of the day 5, It improves your romantic relationship. -you know you're still going to be OK at When you're more centered and more peaceful with yourself, you'll be the same way with your pariner—you'll view them through the same lens of compassionate, unconditional love. You're less reactive—for example, you may know that snapping at your partner is not a wise choice. If'we do yoga regularly jt helps us to increasing romantic feeling, emotion and power. 6. The Benefits of Yoga for Women The benefits of yoga that are often specifically appreciated by women include. Yoga Helping you to deal with hormonal changes during your cycle and during menopause, Soothing worry and ansiety caused by a health crisis or serious diagnosis. Lessening stress and reducing The severity and frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms. Improving your posture. Improving your appearance through standing taller, feeling more confident, and more effective weight management. In addition, although we noted some of the impacts of yoga on PTSD earlier, i's worth emphasizing that it may be particularly helpful for women who have suffered some kind of trauma 7. The Yoga Benefits for Kids If at any point in this piece so far you've thought to yourself, “These benefits are grea but those who could really benefit from more relaxation, awareness, better focus, and enhanced self-esteem are children and young people,” you're on to something! There has been a lot of interest in yoga for kids for these very reasons: kids have to deal with many of the same stressors ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) and triggers that adults do, but without all of the decades of experiences to teach them what is most effective and the social awareness to know what is appropriate. In addition, the rise of constant social media has made it even more difficult to simply sit quietly and think, or even sit quietly and just exist for a few moments. Children are also dealing with as much pressure as ever to succeed in school, and perhaps even more pressure from the added competition that our increasingly globalized world introduces to them 8. Yoga in Long-Term Care: The Benefits for the Elderly Although yoga can have some fabulous benefits for children, it can also be extremely effective for improving both the physical and mental health of the elderly, Of course, some of the moves and poses are modified to suit more fragile bodies, but they still provide a challenging and invigorating experience for the elderly. In Taiwan, researchers sought out elderly residents in a long-term care facility who were diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia and invited them to join a gentle yoga program. The program lasted for 12 weeks, with three 55-minute sessions per week, The experimental group participated in the yoga classes while the control group maintained their usual daily activities. Conclusion Thus, this research mainly focus on benefits of yoga and its positive impact on our healthy life. Yoga is the medicine for nearly every problem, As you practice yoga, it does not only help you to improve your physical body but also helps in maintaining your inner peace of mind and relaxing your mind, Moreover, yoga is not just a one-day practice, it’s a lifelong commitment, The more you practice yoga, the more you are benefited. If you practice yoga daily you will enjoy a peaceful and healthy lifetime, In the present Yoga has just become a type of physical practice but it is a lot more, But, for the further practice, you have to be perfect both physically and mentally through the daily practice of yoga References 1) Malissa Mercedes: The mental Health Benefits of Yoga 2) Article of February 14, 2020 on 6 yoga asanas that will give your confidence the ultimate boost 3) _ Light on Yoga By B.K.S. Iyengar 4) Yogasan Dr. Devavrat Aacharya 5) Yog Dr. Usha Tivari 6) Yoga By Swami Vivekananda 7) Yoga By BS. Iyengar ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 10. Role of Yoga in Physical Fitness Dr. Sunil Bhotmange Assistant Professor, Taywade College, Mahadula-Koradi, Dist. Nagpur Introduction What is Yoga? Yoga is the science of life and the art of living. It is the commonsense answer to overall physical and mental fitness. Basically yoga is a system of physical and mental self improvement and final liberation that people have been using for thousands of years. Yoga arose in the age of the Vedas and Upanishads. It is India's oldest scientific perfect spiritual discipline. Yoga is a method of training the mind and developing its power of subtle perceptions so that man may discover for himself the spiritual truths on which religion, beliefs and moral values finally rest, It is realization of our hidden powers. Swami Shivananda said, "He who radiates ‘g00d, divine thoughts does immense good unto himself and to the world also". Yoga is science of life, it offers us simple, easy remedies and techniques and methods of health and hygiene to assure physical and mental fitness with a minimum of time, effort and expense. Meaning The word ‘yoga’ means “to join or Yoke together”. It brings the body and mind together to become a harmonious experience. Yoga is a method of learning that aims at balancing “Mind. Body and Spirit”, Yoga is a practice with historical origins in ancient Indian philosophy Profit of Yoga © Increased adaptability ‘+ Increased grease of joints, ligaments and tendons. ‘* Massaging the form’s interior organs. * Toning the muscles. ‘* Help in listening to and feeding the form. * Also cools your brain © Help to decrease the weight © Yoga can improve focus. ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Help in evacuation of poisons in the form & support in relaxations ‘* Yoga can expand your respiratory fitness levels ‘© It can expand our circulatory fitness levels ‘* Itcan expand our expiratory fitness levels. ‘* Itcan expand our digestive fitness levels ‘+ Provide an all-encompassing methodology towards your welfare. ‘© Gives cleamess to your consideration, Why Yoga? To make disease & medicine free through a scientific approach on the knowledge base of our great saints & sage and more on youa. Yoga and Health Yoga views the human body as a composite of mind, body and spirit “Health is the state of complete physical, mental, spiritual and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. (WHO) How Yoga Relates to Health PHYSICAL WELLBEING: Yoga Improves blood circulation and over all organ functioning MENTAL WELLBEING: Bring down stress, enhances power of relaxation & stamina and bestows greater power of concentration and self control SPIRITUAL WELLBEING: Regulation and transformation of blood chemistry through proper synthesization of neuroendocrinal secretions, dispassionate internal vibrations leads one to attain the power to control the mind and to become free from the effect of external forces compelling one to lose to equanimity SOCIAL WELILBEING: Yoga practitioner become cheerful, enjoys talking to people, shares problems with friends and can realize that there are other also who are sailing in sane boat, o that one can easily mix-up in group by happier nature. Role of Yoga in thealtu and Fitness 1 2. 3 Yoga take place main role in three areas that is Physical Psychological and Spiritual ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 1. Phy: al Flexibility: Yoga helps the body to become more flexible, bringing greater range of ‘motion to muscles and joints, levibility in hamstrings, back, shoulders, and hips. Strength: Many yoga poses support the weight of own body in new ways, including balancing on one leg (such as in Tree Pose) or supporting with arms increases strength. Better Breathing: Most of us breathe very shallowly into the lungs and don’t give much thought to how we breathe. Yoga breathing exercises, called Pranayama, focus the attention on the breath and improve lung capacity and posture, and harmonize body and mind which benefits the entire body. Certain lypes of breath can also help clear the nasal passages and even calm the central nervous system, which has both physical and mental benefits, Disease Eliminator: Yoga has the power to prevent and eliminate various chronic health conditions in women similar to men, Heart Disease: With less stress and blood pressure chances of cardiovascular diseases are prevented. Increasing blood circulation and fat burning results in lowering cholesterol Diabetes: Yoga stimulates insulin production and reduces glucose to prevent diabetes, Gastrointestinal: Yoga improves the gastrointestinal functions in women effectively Metaboli ‘Yoga helps women to stay healthy by balancing metabolism results by controlling hunger and weight. Pain Prevention: Increased flexibility and strength can help prevent the various instances of back pain, chronic pain, neck pain can be lessened with yoga practice Blood circulatios ‘Yoga postures can help improve circulation and climinate toxic waste substances from the body 2. Psychological Mental Calmness: Yoga asana practice is intensely physical. Concentrating. so intently on what body is doing has the effect of bringing calmness to the mind Stress Reduction: Physical activity is good for relieving stress, and this is particularly true of yoga. Yoga provides a much-needed break from stressors, as well as helping put things into perspective. Yoga controls breathing, which reduces anxiety. It also ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 59VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) clears all the negative feelings and thoughts from mind leading to reduction of depression. © Concentration: Yoga increases concentration and motivation in quick time. This is Why women from all aspects of life practice yoga since better concentration can result in better focus on life and profession © Memory: Yoga stimulates better blood circulation especially to the brain, which reduces stress and improves concentration leading to better memory © Body Awareness: Doing yoga will give an increased awareness of own body. It inerease level of comfort in own body. This can lead to improved posture and greater self-confidence. 3. Spiritual ‘+ Inner Connection: Yoga can help to create a bond, a relation between body and mind apart from all other benefits. ‘* Inner Peace: Yoga is the only method known to us for better and quicker inner peace. The inner peace generated increases and improves our capability in making effective decisions even at serious circumstances. © Purpose of Life: Yoga is, a simple exercise method that has numerous benefits. psychotically and physically apart from allowing us to altain inner. It helps to find the purpose of life and secrets to healthy longer life. Other Roles Health and Yoga in of Fitness ‘© Surya Namaskar is a complete body exercise. It keeps all intemal organs, stomach intestines, pancreas, spleen, heart and lungs, healthy and strong. Also muscles of extemal body parts, chest, shoulders, hands, thighs, legs becomes healthy and strong ‘© It makes spine and waist flexible by removing disorders. It improves blood circulation in the body which removes skin diseases, ‘© These are the best twelve steps of Surya Namaskar yoga positions in sequence to burn calories, weight loss and complete health, fitness. Prevention of Disease © Scientific studies have shown that the practice of Yoga has curative abilities and can prevent disease by promoting energy and health. That is why more and more ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 60VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) professionals have started using Yoga techniques in patients with different mental and physical symptoms, such as psycho-somatic stresses and different diseases Our bodies have a tendency to build up and accumulate poisons like uric acid and calcium crystals, just to mention a few. The accumulation of these poisons manifests in diseases and makes our bodies stiff A regular Yoga practice can cleanse the tissues through muscle stretching and massaging of the intemal organs and brings the waste back into circulation so that the lungs, intestines, kidneys, and skin are able to remove toxins in a natural way Blood Pressure Yoga asana is recommended for the treatment of both high and low blood pressure. Yoga provides exercise to all the organs of the body so as to regulate the overall metabolism rate in the body There are several causes of high blood pressure like increased stress, anger and anxiety or other mental and cognitive disorders, ‘* Yoga helps to free one’s mind from the negative thoughts and provides complete rest to the mind and the body. This increases the metabolism of the body and brings the mind at rest. Excessive thinking about something also increases the pressure with which the blood flows in various organs of the body References 1, _http:/’www.yogaabhyas.com 2. htip:liwww.drsohanrajtater.com/articles/articlel7.pdf 3. hitp://www.anandamarga orgyarticles/voga-health-secrets, htm 4. htipu/iwww.yahooyoga.com/ 6 hitp://www.abe-of-yoga.com/yoga-and-health’yoga-for-women.asp http:/inceam nih, gov/health’yoga/introduction htm ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 olVOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 11. Study Pattern among the Students/Scholars of the University of Jammu during the COVID-19 Phase: A Case Study Sahil Bains Student, University of Jammu. Parshant Sharma Student, University of Jammu. Neha Rani Student, IGNOU Dr. Meghna Dhar Assistant Professor, University of Jammu Abstract COVID-19 pandemic has affected each and every sector, It has greatly influenced the human lives and their day-to-day activities. The education sector has been affected drastically During the initial stages of lockdown, students were under enormous mental stress and were worried about academic pursuits. There was a shift from using traditional methods of teaching and learning like classroom teaching to online leaming and sources of information like online databases. This paper attempts to depict the study pattem among the students/scholars of the University of Jammu in the present situation prevalent due to COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, a survey has been conducted using questionnaires that were designed using the google forms. The results obtained shows that how the students/scholars of the University’ of Jammu got their information needs fulfilled during this pandemic and the various difficulties faced by them. It also highlights their satisfaction level with this present way of teaching and learning, Keywords: COVID-19, Information, University of Jammu. Introduction Information has a very important role to play in day to day life. Its the basic requirement for the growth of the individual and the society as a whole. Information plays a vital part in human life and is regarded as the backbone for the progress of the individual as well as the society, The way we acquire, use and apply information to get our needs fulfilled is generally ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 @VOLLIME - IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) referred {o as Information seeking behaviour which has been largely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. There has been a drastic shift from traditional sources of information like books and print journals to online databases and other material available over the internet due to the impact of COVID-19. University of Jammu: An Introduction The University of Jammu endeavours for achieving top-class excellence in teaching, research activities and knowledge transfer. It imparts quality education to the students and promotes their overall development, The University of Jammu is located at the foothills of Trikuta Mountains, besides the Tawi river at an altitude of 1030 feet. It offers state of the art facilities and chances for growth in academies and to carry out research in different fields. It is committed towards the advancement of the society The University of Jammu was established in 1969 vide Kashmir and Jammu Universities Act, 1969 following separation of the erstwhile University of Jammu and Kashmir. It is accredited as A+ Grade University by NAAC, India, It offers more than 40 courses in various disciplines like Arts, Sciences and other fields of learning, It also recognises and. affiliates colleges and other institutions Objectives + To find out whether online classes are being conducted. * To find out the problems faced by the students © To find out the level of satisfaction with content available online. ‘* To find out if the students felt any difference in information gathered from online databases and traditional library sources. © To find out the information retrieving ability ‘* To find out the satisfaction level among the students with present way of finding information Scope of the Study The study’ is focussed on the study pattern among the students and research scholars of the University of Jammu during the COVID-19 pandemic and the various difficulties faced by them, The data collected is analysed and tabulated to know about the information seeking behaviour and the various challenges that they are facing to get their information needs fulfilled ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 @VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) and the level of satisfaction with the information retrieved during this particular phase of COVID-19. Research Methodology For the collection of data about the present study, survey method was adopted. The questionnaire was designed using the Google forms keeping in view the present scenario of the COVID-19, The questionnaires were distributed online to the students and scholars of the University of Jammu and a total of 195 responses were collected. The data gathered from the responses was analysed to understand the study pattem among the students/scholars of the University of Jammu, Data Analysi 1. Gender of the Respondent The below table no.1 shows the gender wise distribution of the respondents where female participation is high (69.2%) than that of males (30.8%) Sex__ | Percentage (%) Female | 69.2 Male 30.8 Total 100 Gender 30.80% Female Mole Fig.1 Gender wise dis 2, Age of the respondent ution of the respondents The following table shows the age group of the respondent: ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 otVOLUME - IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www. Table No.2 Age wise distribution of the respondents ‘Age group of the users | Percentage ‘18-21 32.3 22-25 64.6 26 and above 31 Total 100 Age group of the user 3.1056 mis21 22.25 26 and above Fig2 Age wise distribution of respondents 3. If respondent have own PC/Smartphone Out of the total responses, 94.9% respondents have their own PC/smartphone while others did not. PC/smartphone 5.10% yes No n of PC/Smartphone ENGLISH PART ~1/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 6VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) s used 4. Networking In response (o the networking sites used by the students/scholars, the respondents were allowed to tick more than one option. Table no, 3 shows the networking sites used during COVID-19 phase Table no.3 Networking sites used Networking site [ Percentage (%) Whatsapp O74 Facebook 32.8 Tnstagram S44 Twitter 207 ‘Any other 82 ig sites used Any other Twitter Instagram = Networking sites used Facebook Whatsapp 0.00% 50.00% 100.00% — 150.00% Fig.4 Purpose of library visit 5. If Department conducting online classes When the students were asked if their department is conducting online classes, 47.7% responded as yes, 38.5% as no and 13.8% were not sure about it, Table no.4 Conduct of Online Classes Online Classes conducted | Percentage (%) Yes; aT No 385 Maybe BS ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 66VOLUME - IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Conduct of Online Classes 13.80% ayes No m= Maybe Conduct of online classes 6. Any difference felt in the information got from online classes and classroom teaching When the respondents were asked if they felt any difference in the information they get from online teaching and traditional way of teaching i.e. classroom teaching,85.6% responded as yes, 13.8% as no, 0.6% were not sure about it Table no, 5 Difference in information from online classes and classroom teaching Difference experienced | Percentage (%) Yes 85.6 No 138 Can't say 06 Difference experienced canttsay | 0.60% 1 Difference experienced =~ 01.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00% 100.00% Fig.6 Difference in information 7. Problem in studies felt during this phase of COVID-19 ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 7VOLUME - IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www. Most of the respondents (98.5%) faced problems in studies during this period of COVID- 19, Table no.6 Problem in studies Problem | Percentage (%) Yes 98.5 No Nil Can'tsay [15 Problem faced ism myer "No cant say Fig.7 Problem faced in studies 8, If only classroom interaction enhances the efficiency of reading, listening, writing and speaking skills Most of the students (86.7%) were of the view that only classroom interaction enhances the efficiency of reading, listening, writing and speaking skills. Table no, 7 Classroom interaction efficiency Classroom interaction enhances efficiency | Percentage (%) Yes 867 No. 133 Classroom interaction increases efficiency 13.30% Fig. 8 Classroom interaction efficiency ENGLISH PART ~1/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 8VOLUME - IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www. ‘9. Whether classroom interaction system leads to understanding of classroom social rules and conventions 97.4% of the respondents believe that classroom system leads to understanding of classroom social rules and conventions 2.60% yes No Fig.9 Classroom interaction leading to better understanding 10, Lack of interaction and ultimately personal communication with teachers The below figure no, 10 shows that 94.9% of the respondents found lack of interaction and ultimately personal communication with teachers during COVID-19. Lack of personal interaction 5.10% yes No 94.90% Fig no.10 Lack of personal interaction 11. Time devoted in searching online databases ‘Table below shows the time devoted in searching online databases: ‘Table no.8 Time devoted in searching online databases Time devoted Percentage (%) 15-60 minutes | 12.8 1-2 hours 323 2-3 hours 22.1 More than 3 hours [32.8 ENGLISH PART ~1/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 oOVOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Time devoted 12.80% 00K 1815-60 minutes 82-2 hours 32.30% m2-3 hours = More than 3 hours 22.10% Fig no.11 Time devoted in searching online databases 12, Level of satisfaction with the content available online Following table reveals the satisfaction level with the content available online Table no.9 Satisfaction level with online content Satisfaction level | Percentage (%) High D Moderate 385 Low 313 Can"t say 92 Satisfaction level 9.20% 1% High soos 1 Moderate low 51.30% Can't say Fig.12 Satisfaction level with online content 13. Difference in information from online databases and the tr ditional library resources When the respondents were asked if they feel any difference in information got from online databases and traditional library sources, most of them (94.9%) felt the difference while rest 5.1% did not, ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 70VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Difference in information 5.10% Yes No 94.90% Fig no.13 Difference in information from online databases and traditional library sources 14, Most preferred source of obtaini information during COVID-19 In response to the most preferred source of obtaining information, respondents were allowed to choose more than one option, The following table shows the various sourees that were used by them to get the desired information, Table no, 10 Most preferred source of obtaining information Source Percentage (%) Intemet 733 Text books a E- books 246 Online databases | 26.2 E- journals 72 ‘Any other 149 Most preferred source of obtaining information Any other jam 44.90% E-jornals Ham 7.2 Online databases = Most preferred source of E-books obtaining information Text books Internet 0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00% Fig no. 14 Most preferred source of obt ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 7VOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) 15. Information retrieving ability from the available sources di g COVID-19 The following table shows the information retrieving ability from the available sources’ Table no. 11 Information retrieving ability Information’ Percentage (%) All of the information 67 Part of the information 743 Reference to further information | 19 Information retrieving ability 6.70% ‘= All of the information 1 Part ofthe information ss Reference to further information Fig no, 15 Information retrieving ability 16. Satisfaction with present way of obtaining information 97.4% of the respondents were not satisfied with the present way of obtaining information, Satisfaction with present way of obtaining information 2.60% Yes No 97.40% Fig no. 16 Satisfaction with present way of obtaining information 17. Reasons behind the dissatisfaction There were many reasons behind the dissatisfaction among the respondents with present way of obtaining information which is evident from the following table ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 RVOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) Table no, 12 Reasons behind dissatisfaction Reason Percentage (%) Tnsufficient help WG Inadequate tools 38S Network issues 913 Inadequate collection of material [ 50.3 ‘Any other 159 Reason behind dissatisfaction nyter mm {s.sox Inadequate colection of material - Network sues 94% Reason behind dissatisfaction Inadequate tools 39% Insufficient help aa 0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00% 100.0% Fig no. 17 Reason behind dissatisfaction Conclusion The study reveals that the students/scholars of the University of Jammu have experienced great difficulties to get their information needs fulfilled. There has been a shift from using traditional sources of information (o online databases and other sources available over the internet during this period of COVID-19, Most of the students felt the difference in online teaching and traditional classroom teaching and they have problems in their studies during this period Moreover the students and scholars of the University of Jammu, Jammu felt the lack of interaction and communication with teachers and guides during COVID-19. They mostly relied on internet and textbooks for obtaining information. There was low to moderate level of satisfaction with the content available online. They were able to retrieve only part of the information from the available sources and further reference to information was needed. Majority of the respondents were not satisfied with present way of obtaining information and ENGLISH PART -I/ Peer Reviewed Refereed and UGC Listed Journal No. : 40776 BVOLUME «IX, ISSUE - IV - OCTOBER - DECEMBER - 2020 AJANTA - ISSN 2277 - 5730 - IMPACT FACTOR - 6.399 (www.sjifactor.com) encountered problems like network issues, inadequate tools and inadequate collection of material References 1. Bonnel, W. (2008). Jmproving feedback to students in online courses. Nursing Education Perspectives. 29(5), p. 290-294 2, Lone, AZ. (2017). Impact of online education in India. 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