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IoT The Network Protocols and Technologies - v4

The document discusses various Internet of Things (IoT) network protocols and technologies. It begins with background on IoT protocols, noting they allow different nodes in an IoT system to communicate. Common factors to consider for protocols are power needs and connectivity range. Major technologies discussed include WiFi, Zigbee, low-power wide area networks (LPWANs) like LoRaWAN and Sigfox, and cellular networks. The document provides details on each technology, including their suitable uses, features, and deployment considerations. In closing, it compares LoRa, Sigfox, and NB-IoT technologies for large-scale IoT deployments.

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ahmed abdi elmi
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78 views

IoT The Network Protocols and Technologies - v4

The document discusses various Internet of Things (IoT) network protocols and technologies. It begins with background on IoT protocols, noting they allow different nodes in an IoT system to communicate. Common factors to consider for protocols are power needs and connectivity range. Major technologies discussed include WiFi, Zigbee, low-power wide area networks (LPWANs) like LoRaWAN and Sigfox, and cellular networks. The document provides details on each technology, including their suitable uses, features, and deployment considerations. In closing, it compares LoRa, Sigfox, and NB-IoT technologies for large-scale IoT deployments.

Uploaded by

ahmed abdi elmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IoT Network

Protocols &
Technologies
Outline
• IoT Protocols and Technologies Background
• Role of protocols
• Protocols for different communication nodes
• Main factors to be considered when selecting IoT
protocols / technologies

• Different IoT technologies include but not limited


to:
• WiFi
• Zigbee
• LPWAN
• Cellular 4G / 5G
• NB-IoT
IoT Protocols & Technologies
Background
• The IoT system can function and transfer information only when
different nodes are reliably connected to a communication network and
‘talk’ to each other.
• An IoT protocol is the network language that the nodes of an IoT system
‘speak’.
• The protocol dictates the range, format, and complexity of the IoT
solution’s communications, and plays a chief role in determining cost
and features.
IoT Protocols & Technologies
Background (Cont.)

IoT Protocols can be for:


1. Device-to-device
2. Device-to-gateways
3. Gateways-to-Data system
4. Between data system
IoT Protocols & Technologies
Background (Cont.)
When setting up IoT networks, two primary factors may need to be
considered:

Power
Do sensors need to stay in the field for days, months or years?
How often will they need to report?
Will replaceable or rechargeable batteries be used?

Connectivity
What range must communications cover?
How much data will they need to send in each message?
Will cell providers be considered to maintain your connectivity?
Will network and the data that runs over the network are preferred to be
privately maintained?
IoT Protocols & Technologies
Background (Cont.)
• The smallest and least-demanding IoT network setups (such as for
connected homes or offices)  can run on ordinary Wi-Fi networks,
with all components continuously powered. Another choice for
close-in connection may include Zigbee.

• Where small-volume data transmissions are needed for larger areas


(like farms, campuses or cities)  self-contained low-power wide-
area networks (LPWANs) are the perfect answer. LoRaWAN and
SigFox are the two most popular LPWANs.

• When talking about covering regional areas and across boundaries


 a cellular protocol like NB-IoT, 4G or 5G networks are the most
practical options. Each has a distinct mixture of strengths and
weaknesses when it comes to power, range and cost
IoT Protocols & Technologies
Background (Cont.)
WiFi

2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz, mmWave and sub-1 GHz bands

• Wi-Fi is the most popular type of connectivity in LAN environments.


• Its widespread availability allows for easy accessibility to offer fast data transfer as well as
processing large amounts of data
ZigBee

• ZigBee is designed more for the industrials and less for the consumers.
Cellular Technology

, 5G
, 2600, 3500, 700 MHz

• It is the basis of mobile phone networks but it is also suitable for the IoT applications that need
functioning over longer distances.
• They can take advantage of cellular communication capabilities such as GSM, 3G, 4G (and 5G
soon).
• The technology is able to transfer high quantities of data, but the power consumption and the
expenses are high too.
Cellular Technology (Cont.)

• NB-IoT (Narrowband-IoT) is a narrowband radio technology for Machine-to-


Machine and Internet of Things (IoT) requiring wireless transmission over a more
extended range at a relatively low cost and using little power for long battery
lives.
• It is based on cellular technology but belongs to LPWAN category
LPWAN IoT Access Connectivity
• LPWA – Stands for Low Power Wide Area Network communication
technology
• Long range: The operating range of LPWAN technology varies from a few
kilometers in urban areas to over 10 km in rural settings. It can also
enable effective data communication in previously infeasible indoor and
underground locations.
• Low power: Optimized for power consumption, LPWAN transceivers can
run on small, inexpensive batteries for up to 20 years
• Low cost: LPWAN's simplified, lightweight protocols reduce complexity
in hardware design and lower device costs. Its long range combined with
a star topology reduce expensive infrastructure requirements, and the
use of license-free or licensed bands reduce network costs.
Types of LPWAN
There are several examples of the LPWAN technologies.
LoRa

• LoRa stand for Long Range


• LoRa is the physical layer or the wireless
modulation
• is based on chirp spread spectrum modulation
(CSS) good for long distance communication
and robust to interference
• Standardization – LoRa Alliance
LoRaWAN
• LoRaWAN defines the communication protocol and system architecture for the network
• Based on Star architecture
• Preserve battery life and reduces complexity
• Data sent by a node is received by multiple gateways
• Each gateway forwards received packet to network server
• The network server performs
• Security checks
• Filter redundant received packets
• Adaptive data rate
LoRaWAN

• Extended battery life


• Nodes sends data when they have data to send – Asynchronous
• Based on Aloha method
• Network Capacity
• Support 10s of thousand nodes
• Device Classes
• Class A
• Class B
• Class C
LoRaWAN
• Security – incorporates two layers of security
• One for the network
• Network security ensures authenticity of the node in the
network
• One for the application
• Ensures network operators does not have access to the
end’s user application
• Regional Parameter
• LoRaWAN specification varies slightly from region to
region based on regional spectrum allocations and
regulatory requirements
LoRa
Malaysia uses the AS920 -923 (AS1) frequency plan
https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/frequencies-by-country.html
LoRa Deployment
• LoRa to LoRa communication
• contains only the link layer protocol
• perfect to be used in P2P communications between nodes
• It works in different frequency bands 433, 868 and 900MHz bands

Transmitter Receiver
LoRa Deployment
• LoRaWAN Network
• Includes the network layer
• Supports 10,000 of Lora Nodes or devices
• Need to setup your Gateway and register it to any network server
Examples
• Loriot
Gateway • The things network
Cloud server
Network

Backhaul- 3G,
4G, Ethernet
MQTT, webSocket, HTTP

Nodes Application server


Sigfox
• Overview
• It uses Ultra Narrow Band modulation with 200 kHz publicly available band.
• Each messages is 100 Hz wide with transmission speed of 100 or 600 bps to
target longer distance.
• Messages for Uplink is up to 140 messages per day and 4 messages for
downlink
• Its light weight protocol, 12-bytes uplink and 8-bytes downlink, means lower
power consumption with longer battery life.
• Star network architecture.
• The Sigfox comes with security and start at device first, communication
between base station and Sigfox cloud, and the IT platform that are secure,
robust, trusted and scalable
Sigfox
• Object transmit packets to the base stations
• BS are connected to the Sigfox Cloud
• Sigfox cloud process and sends data to the Customer service and IT
platforms
• Good thing is you don’t have to setup the BS
• Drawback is only certified & registered devices are allowed to connect to
Sigfox CLOUD
Deployment
• Subscribe to Sigfox network
• Register device to the Sigfox CLOUD
• Configure data to be sent to customer IT platform
• Works based on subscription
LoRa vs Sigfox vs NB-IoT

Mekki, Kais & Bajic, Eddy & Chaxel, Frédéric & Meyer, Fernand. (2019). A comparative study of LPWAN technologies for large-scale IoT
deployment. 5. 1-7. 10.1016/j.icte.2017.12.005.
SUMMARY OF NETWORK
TECHNOLOGIES
References

[1] https://lora-alliance.org/resource-hub/lorawanr-
specification-v11
[2] https://www.sigfox.com/en/what-sigfox/technology
[3] https://youtu.be/D0_rAwaywv4
[4] https://youtu.be/7ck3titpjTw
[5] https://youtu.be/dhsphf0Mnhs
[6] https://youtu.be/GEx_d0SjvS0

Dr. O. Elijah 2020-04-14


Exercise
• Find out the difference between the Classes of
LoRaWAN devices
• Discuss which is much suitable between LoRa and
Sigfox for IoT deployment and give reasons

Dr. O. Elijah 2020-04-14


Thank You

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