Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)

Teacher: Paul Melcar Capillo Paglomutan, LPT, MAEd.

Lesson 10
Rules of
Differentiation
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation
DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able
to:
❖state and use the definition of derivative to
differentiate functions;
❖differentiate functions by using the rules for
differentiation, i.e., the power, product, quotient and
chain rules;
❖determine the higher derivatives of functions
❖differentiate functions implicitly; and
❖solve derivative-related problems (rates of change
and related rates).
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation

′
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
For example, let us compute the derivative of 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 4.
′
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
2 2
′
3 𝑥 + ℎ + 4 − (3𝑥 + 4)
𝑓 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
′
ℎ(6𝑥 + 3ℎ)
𝑓 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = lim (6𝑥 + 3ℎ)
ℎ→0
Therefore, 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟔𝒙
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS)

Rule 1: The Constant Rule

If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐 where c is a constant, then 𝑓 𝑥 = 0.′

The derivative of a constant is equal to zero.

Example: Find the 𝑓′(𝑥) of each function.
′
a) 𝑓 𝑥 = 10 𝑓 𝑥 =0
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 0
′
c) 𝑦 = 8𝜋 𝑦 =0
d) 𝑦 = −𝑒 2 𝑦′ = 0
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS)

Rule 2: The Power Function

If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑛 where 𝑛 ∈ ℕ, then 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 .

Example: Find the 𝑓′(𝑥) of each function.

a) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = −4𝑥 5 𝑓′(𝑥) = −20𝑥 4
c) 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 𝜋 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 3𝜋𝑥 𝜋−1
1 2
d) 𝑦 = Rewrite as 𝑦 = 𝑥 −2 → 𝑦′ = −2𝑥 −3 or 𝑦′ −
𝑥2 𝑥3
1 −1/2 1 1
e) 𝑦 = 𝑥 Rewrite as 𝑦 = 𝑥 1/2 → 𝑦′ =
2
𝑥 or 𝑦′ =
2𝑥 1/2
=
2 𝑥
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS)

Rule 3: The Constant Multiple Rule

If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘 ℎ(𝑥) where k is a constant, then 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑘 ℎ′(𝑥).

Example: Find the 𝑓′(𝑥) of each function.

3
3 −1
a) 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 3/4 → 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = (5) 𝑥 4
4
′ 15 −1 ′ 15 15
→𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 or 𝑓 𝑥 = =
4 4𝑥 1/4 44 𝑥
1/2
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 → 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥
1
′ 1 −1 ′ −1/2 1
→ 𝑓 𝑥 =2 𝑥 2 → 𝑓 𝑥 =𝑥 =
2 𝑥
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS)
Rule 4: The Sum and Difference Rule
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑔 𝑥 ± ℎ(𝑥) where g and h are differentiable functions, then
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑔′ 𝑥 ± ℎ′(𝑥).

Example: Find the 𝑓′(𝑥) of each function.

a) 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 3 − 1
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 4 4 𝑥 4−1 − 5 3 𝑥 3−1 + 0
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 16𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 −2 + 3𝑥 4
𝑓′(𝑥) = 2 −2 𝑥 −2−1 + 3 4 𝑥 4−1
′ −3 3 ′ 4
𝑓 𝑥 = −4𝑥 + 12𝑥 or 𝑓 𝑥 = − 𝑥3 + 12𝑥 3
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS)

Rule 5: The Product Rule

If f and g are differentiable functions, then 𝐷𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔′(𝑥).

Example: Find the 𝑓′(𝑥) of each function.

a) 𝑓 𝑥 = (3𝑥 2 − 4)(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥)
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = [𝐷𝑥 (3𝑥 2 − 4)](𝑥 2 − 3𝑥) + (3𝑥 2 − 4)[𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥)]
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 6𝑥 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + (3𝑥 2 − 4)(2𝑥 − 3)
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 6𝑥 3 − 18𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 12
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 12𝑥 3 − 27𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 12
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS)
Rule 5: The Product Rule
If f and g are differentiable functions, then 𝐷𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔′(𝑥).
Example: Find the 𝑓′(𝑥) of each function.
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥(6𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 4) → 𝑓 𝑥 = (𝑥 1/2 )(6𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 4)
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = [𝐷𝑥 (𝑥 1/2 )](6𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 4) + (𝑥 1/2 )[𝐷𝑥 (6𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 4)]
1
1 −1/2
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 2
𝑥 6𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 4 + (𝑥 2 )(18𝑥 2 + 2)
1
−
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 3𝑥 5/2 + 𝑥 1/2 − 2𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 5/2 + 2𝑥 1/2
1
−2 2
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 21𝑥 5/2 + 3𝑥 1/2 − 2𝑥 → 𝑓′ 𝑥 = 21 𝑥5 +3 𝑥− 𝑥
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS)
Rule 6: The Quotient Rule
𝑓 𝑥 𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 −𝑓 𝑥 𝑔′(𝑥)
𝐷𝑥 = 2 .
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑔 𝑥
𝟑𝒙+𝟓
Example: Find the ℎ′(𝑥) of the given function. Let 𝒉 𝒙 =
𝒙𝟐 +𝟒
𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 − 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔′(𝑥)
ℎ′ 𝑥 =
𝑔 𝑥 2
(3)(𝑥 2 + 4) − (3𝑥 + 5)(2𝑥)
ℎ′ 𝑥 =
𝑥2 + 4 2
3𝑥 2 + 12 − 6𝑥 2 − 10𝑥
ℎ′ 𝑥 =
𝑥2 + 4 2
−3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 12
ℎ′ 𝑥 =
𝑥2 + 4 2
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry) ACTIVITY
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS)
Instruction: Differentiate each function.
a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 i) 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 5
1
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = j) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3 2
2𝑥+1
c) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 1 2𝑥 + 5 1 2
k) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 +
3 2 𝑥
d) 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2
2𝑥+5 l) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 − 1)
e) 𝑦 = 2𝑥
3𝑥−2 m) 𝑓 𝑥 = 2
f) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 2 + 3 𝑥
3𝑥 +1
𝑥 2 +1 n) 𝑦 =
g) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 +1
𝑥 2 −1
3 2 o) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 + 3
h) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 3𝑥
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS )

Below are the standard rules in

differentiating exponential and
logarithmic functions.
𝑑 𝑢′
a) [ln 𝑢] =
𝑑𝑥 𝑢
𝑑
b) 𝑒 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 (𝑢′ )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑢′
c) log 𝑎 𝑢 =
𝑑𝑥 (ln 𝑎)(𝑢)
𝑑
d) 𝑎𝑢 = (ln 𝑎)(𝑎𝑢 )(𝑢′ )
𝑑𝑥
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS )

Example: Find the first derivative of each function.

𝑥2
1) 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑒 3) 𝑓 𝑥 = 5 2𝑥 3 −7𝑥

′ 2𝑥 3 −7𝑥
′
𝑓 𝑥 = 3[ 𝑒 𝑥2
2𝑥 ] 𝑓 𝑥 = (5 )(ln 5)(6𝑥 2 − 7)
′ 𝑥2
𝑓 𝑥 = 6𝑥𝑒 4) 𝑓 𝑥 = log 2 (4𝑥 2 + 3)
2𝑥 3 −5𝑥
2) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 ′ 8𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 =
2𝑥 3 −5𝑥 (ln 2)(4𝑥 2 +3)
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 𝑒 6𝑥 2 − 5
′ 2 2𝑥 3 −5𝑥 2𝑥 3 −5𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 6𝑥 𝑒 − 5𝑒
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS )

Recall: Properties of Logarithmic Functions

If a, M, and N are positive real numbers,
𝑎 ≠ 1 and p is a real number, then,
a) log 𝑎 𝑀𝑁 = log 𝑎 𝑀 + log 𝑎 𝑁
𝑀
b) log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 𝑀 − log 𝑎 𝑁
𝑁
𝑝
c) log 𝑎 𝑀 = 𝑝 log 𝑎 𝑀
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS )

1) 𝑦 = ln(4𝑥) 3) 𝑦 = ln
3𝑥−2
𝑥2
𝑦 = ln 4 + ln(𝑥) 2
𝑦 = ln 3𝑥 − 2 − ln(𝑥 )
′ 0 1 1 3 2𝑥 3 2
𝑦 = + = 𝑦=′
− = −
4 𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥−2 𝑥2 3𝑥−2 𝑥

2 𝑥
2) 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 + 𝑒 ) 4) 𝑦 = 5 ln 𝑥 3 → 𝑦 = (5) 3ln 𝑥
′ 2𝑥+𝑒 𝑥 1 ′ 1 15
𝑦 = 𝑦 = 15 =
𝑥 2 +𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
2𝑥+𝑒 𝑥
𝑦′ =
𝑥 2 +𝑒 𝑥
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry) ACTIVITY
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS )

Instruction: Differentiate each function.

a) 𝑦 = 2𝑥
(3𝑒 )(4𝑥
+ 6)
5−6𝑥+𝑥 2
b) 𝑦 = 𝑒 f) 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥
−𝑥3
−𝑥 −𝑥
c) 𝑦 =
𝑒 g) 𝑦 = ln(𝑒 + 𝑥𝑒 )
𝑥 𝑥 2 +1
d) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 + 3𝑒 𝑥2 −𝑥 h) 𝑓 𝑥 = ln
𝑥−1
3 3𝑥−5
e) 𝑦 = 5 ln 𝑥 i) 𝑓 𝑥 = 10
j) 𝑦 = log 5 (𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 10)
3 2
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS)
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS)
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS)
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS)
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS)
Below are the standard rules in differentiating trigonometric functions
where u is the function and 𝑢′ is the derivative of u.
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
a) (sin 𝑢) = cos 𝑢 ∙ 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
b) (cos 𝑢) = −sin 𝑢 ∙ 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 2 𝑑𝑢
c) (tan 𝑢) = sec 𝑢 ∙ 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
d) (csc 𝑢) = −csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 ∙ 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
e) (sec 𝑢) = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 ∙ 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 2 𝑑𝑢
f) (cot 𝑢) = −csc 𝑢 ∙ 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS)
𝟑
1) Find the derivative of 𝒚 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟒𝒙
3
• 𝑢 = 4𝑥
′ 3 2
• 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥 12𝑥
′ 𝟐 𝟑
• 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐𝒙 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟒𝒙
𝟑
2) Find the derivative of 𝒚 = (𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝒙)
• 𝐶𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑥 3 ; 𝑢 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑥
′ 2
• 𝑦 = 3 𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑥 (𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥 ∙ 4)
′ 𝟐
• 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟒𝒙 (𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟒𝒙)
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS)
𝟐
3) Find the derivative of 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟓𝒙
2
• 𝑢 = 5𝑥
′ 2 2 2
• 𝑦 = 4[𝑆𝑒𝑐 5𝑥 ] 10𝑥
′ 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
• 𝒚 = 𝟒𝟎𝒙 𝑺𝒆𝒄 𝟓𝒙
4) Find the derivative of 𝒚 = 𝟒𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝟓𝒙
2
• 𝐶𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑦 = 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛5𝑥 ; 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛5𝑥
′ 2
• 𝑦 = 8(𝑡𝑎𝑛5𝑥)(𝑆𝑒𝑐 5𝑥 ∙ 5)
• 𝒚′ = 𝟒𝟎𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟓𝒙𝑺𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝟓𝒙
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS)
𝟐𝒙
5) Find the derivative of 𝒚 = 𝒆 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝟑𝒙
′ 2𝑥 2𝑥
• 𝑦 = 𝑒 ∙ 2 𝑆𝑒𝑐3𝑥 + (𝑒 )(𝑆𝑒𝑐3𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥 ∙ 3)
′ 2𝑥 2𝑥
• 𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑐3𝑥 + (3𝑒 )(𝑆𝑒𝑐3𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥)
′ 𝟐𝒙
• 𝒚 = 𝒆 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝟑𝒙(𝟐 + 𝟑𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑𝒙)
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙+𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
6) Find the derivative of 𝒚 = 𝒆
1
• 𝑦 = 𝑒 (use Pythagorean Identity)
′
•𝒚 = 𝟎
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS)
𝟐𝒙
7) Find the derivative of 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏 .
𝑪𝒐𝒕𝟑𝒙
Express the answer in terms of Cosine and Sine.
• 𝑦 = ln 2𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛𝐶𝑜𝑡3𝑥
′ 1 1 2
•𝑦 = 2 − −𝐶𝑠𝑐 3𝑥 ∙3
2𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑡3𝑥
𝟏
𝟏 𝟑𝑪𝒔𝒄𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝟏 𝟑∙ 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒙
′
•𝒚 = + = + 𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝒙
𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒙 = +
𝒙 𝑪𝒐𝒕𝟑𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒙
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒙

′ 𝟏 𝟑
•𝒚 = +
𝒙 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟑𝒙𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟑𝒙
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry)
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS)

8) Find the derivative of 𝒚 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏(𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙)

• 𝑢 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝑥
′
• 𝑦 = [𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝑥)](𝐶𝑜𝑠2𝑥 ∙ 2)
′
• 𝒚 = 𝟐𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙𝑪𝒐𝒔(𝑺𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙)
9) Find the derivative of 𝒚 = 𝑺𝒊𝒏(𝝅)
•𝑢 = 𝜋
′
• 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜋) ∙ 0
′
•𝒚 = 𝟎
Math 106 (CALCULUS I with Analytic Geometry) ACTIVITY
Lesson 10- Rules of Differentiation (DIFFERENTIATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS)
Instruction: Differentiate each function.

a) 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 8𝑥
2
b) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 ln 2𝑥+1
f) 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑒 5𝑥 (sec 2 𝑢 − tan2 𝑥)
cos 2𝑥
c) 𝑓 𝑥 = g) 𝑓 𝑥 = sin2 (6𝑥)
cos 𝑥
d) 𝑓 𝑥 = ln(𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥 )
2 h) 𝑓 𝑥 = 2 csc 4𝑥 𝟑

e) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 sin 𝑥
2 i) 𝑓 𝑥 = sec(3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2)
4 3
j) 𝑓 𝑥 = cos 4𝑥